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Li C, Shi K, Zhao S, Liu J, Zhai Q, Hou X, Xu J, Wang X, Liu J, Wu X, Fan W. Natural-source payloads used in the conjugated drugs architecture for cancer therapy: Recent advances and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107341. [PMID: 39134188 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Drug conjugates are obtained from tumor-located vectors connected to cytotoxic agents via linkers, which are designed to deliver hyper-toxic payloads directly to targeted cancer cells. These drug conjugates include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), nucleic acid aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs), and virus-like drug conjugate (VDCs), which show great therapeutic value in the clinic. Drug conjugates consist of a targeting carrier, a linker, and a payload. Payloads are key therapy components. Cytotoxic molecules and their derivatives derived from natural products are commonly used in the payload portion of conjugates. The ideal payload should have sufficient toxicity, stability, coupling sites, and the ability to be released under specific conditions to kill tumor cells. Microtubule protein inhibitors, DNA damage agents, and RNA inhibitors are common cytotoxic molecules. Among these conjugates, cytotoxic molecules of natural origin are summarized based on their mechanism of action, conformational relationships, and the discovery of new derivatives. This paper also mentions some cytotoxic molecules that have the potential to be payloads. It also summarizes the latest technologies and novel conjugates developed in recent years to overcome the shortcomings of ADCs, PDCs, SMDCs, ApDCs, and VDCs. In addition, this paper summarizes the clinical trials conducted on conjugates of these cytotoxic molecules over the last five years. It provides a reference for designing and developing safer and more efficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Kourong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Qiaoli Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China; Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
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Rocha Tapia A, Abgottspon F, Nilvebrant J, Nygren PÅ, Duclos Ivetich S, Bello Hernandez AJ, Thanasi IA, Szijj PA, Sekkat G, Cuenot FM, Chudasama V, Aceto N, deMello AJ, Richards DA. Site-directed conjugation of single-stranded DNA to affinity proteins: quantifying the importance of conjugation strategy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8982-8992. [PMID: 38873052 PMCID: PMC11168188 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Affinity protein-oligonucleotide conjugates are increasingly being explored as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Despite growing interest, these probes are typically constructed using outdated, non-selective chemistries, and little has been done to investigate how conjugation to oligonucleotides influences the function of affinity proteins. Herein, we report a novel site-selective conjugation method for furnishing affinity protein-oligonucleotide conjugates in a 93% yield within fifteen minutes. Using SPR, we explore how the choice of affinity protein, conjugation strategy, and DNA length impact target binding and reveal the deleterious effects of non-specific conjugation methods. Furthermore, we show that these adverse effects can be minimised by employing our site-selective conjugation strategy, leading to improved performance in an immuno-PCR assay. Finally, we investigate the interactions between affinity protein-oligonucleotide conjugates and live cells, demonstrating the benefits of site-selective conjugation. This work provides critical insight into the importance of conjugation strategy when constructing affinity protein-oligonucleotide conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Rocha Tapia
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Abgottspon
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Johan Nilvebrant
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sarah Duclos Ivetich
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Ioanna A Thanasi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
| | - Peter A Szijj
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
| | - Ghali Sekkat
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - François M Cuenot
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 7 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 7 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Vaur V, Koutsopetras I, Erb S, Jackowska B, Benazza R, Cahuzac H, Detappe A, Hernandez-Alba O, Cianférani S, Scott CJ, Chaubet G. Chemical Production of Cytotoxic Bispecific Antibodies Using the Ugi Multicomponent Reaction. Chembiochem 2024:e202400170. [PMID: 38713134 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) have recently emerged as a promising platform for the treatment of several conditions, most importantly cancer. Based on the combination of two different antigen-binding motifs in a single macromolecule; bsAbs can either display the combined characteristics of their parent antibodies, or new therapeutic features, inaccessible by the sole combination of two distinct antibodies. While bsAbs are traditionally produced by molecular biology techniques, the chemical development of bsAbs holds great promises and strategies have just begun to surface. In this context, we took advantage of a chemical strategy based on the use of the Ugi reaction for the site-selective conjugation of whole antibodies and coupled the resulting conjugates in a bioorthogonal manner with Fab fragments, derived from various antibodies. We thus managed to produce five different bsAbs with 2 : 1 valency, with yields ranging from 20 % to 48 %, and showed that the affinity of the parent antibody was preserved in all bsAbs. We further demonstrated the interest of our strategy by producing two other bsAbs behaving as cytotoxic T cell engagers with IC50 values in the picomolar range in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Vaur
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ilias Koutsopetras
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Stéphane Erb
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bianka Jackowska
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Rania Benazza
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Héloïse Cahuzac
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Guilhem Chaubet
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Kumari S, Raj S, Babu MA, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Antibody-drug conjugates in cancer therapy: innovations, challenges, and future directions. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:40-65. [PMID: 38153656 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as a potential therapeutic avenue in cancer treatment has garnered significant attention. By combining the selective specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxicity of drug molecules, ADCs aim to increase the therapeutic index, selectively targeting cancer cells while minimizing systemic toxicity. Various ADCs have been licensed for clinical usage, with ongoing research paving the way for additional options. However, the manufacture of ADCs faces several challenges. These include identifying suitable target antigens, enhancing antibodies, linkers, and payloads, and managing resistance mechanisms and side effects. This review focuses on the strategies to overcome these hurdles, such as site-specific conjugation techniques, novel antibody formats, and combination therapy. Our focus lies on current advancements in antibody engineering, linker technology, and cytotoxic payloads while addressing the challenges associated with ADC development. Furthermore, we explore the future potential of personalized medicine, leveraging individual patients' molecular profiles, to propel ADC treatments forward. As our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving cancer progression continues to expand, we anticipate the development of new ADCs that offer more effective and personalized therapeutic options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Kumari
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sonam Raj
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P., India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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5
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Richard M, Martin Aubert S, Denis C, Dubois S, Nozach H, Truillet C, Kuhnast B. Fluorine-18 and Radiometal Labeling of Biomolecules via Disulfide Rebridging. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2123-2132. [PMID: 37881943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides like fluorine-18 or radiometals like copper-64 and zirconium-89 are increasingly employed in nuclear medicine for diagnosis purposes. Given the fragility and complexity of these compounds, their labeling requires mild conditions. Besides, it is essential to develop methods inducing minimal modification of the tertiary structure, as it is fundamental for the biological activity of such complex entities. Given these requirements, disulfide rebridging represents a promising possibility since it allows protein modification as well as conservation of the tertiary structure. In this context, we have developed an original radiofluorinated dibromopyridazine dione prosthetic group for labeling of disulfide-containing biomolecules via rebridging. We employed it to radiolabel octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, and to radiolabel fragment antigen binding (Fab) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), whose properties were then evaluated in vitro and in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We next extended our strategy to the radiolabeling of cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody, with various radiometals commonly used in PET imaging (zirconium-89, copper-64) by developing various rebridging molecules bearing the appropriate chelators. The stabilities of the radiolabeled antibody conjugates were assessed in biological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Richard
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, SHFJ, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay 91401, France
| | | | - Caroline Denis
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, SHFJ, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Steven Dubois
- CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department, SIMoS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Hervé Nozach
- CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department, SIMoS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, SHFJ, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, SHFJ, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay 91401, France
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6
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Zhao Y, Chudasama V, Baker JR. Trifunctional Dibromomaleimide Reagents Built Around A Lysine Scaffold Deliver Site-selective Dual-modality Antibody Conjugation. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300356. [PMID: 37548625 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and application of a selection of trifunctional reagents for the dual-modality modification of native, solvent accessible disulfide bonds in trastuzumab. The reagents were developed from the dibromomaleimide (DBM) platform with two orthogonal clickable functional groups built around a lysine core. We also describe the development of an aryl diselenide additive which enables antibody disulfide reduction in 4 minutes and a rapid overall reduction-bridging-double click sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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