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Lotito V, Zambelli T. Heat: A powerful tool for colloidal particle shaping. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103240. [PMID: 39024831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal particles of spherical shape are important building blocks for nanotechnological applications. Materials with tailored physical properties can be directly synthesized from self-assembled particles, as is the case for colloidal photonic crystals. In addition, colloidal monolayers and multilayers can be exploited as a mask for the fabrication of complex nanostructures via a colloidal lithography process for applications ranging from optoelectronics to sensing. Several techniques have been adopted to modify the shape of both individual colloidal particles and colloidal masks. Thermal treatment of colloidal particles is an effective route to introduce colloidal particle deformation or to manipulate colloidal masks (i.e. to tune the size of the interstices between colloidal particles) by heating them at elevated temperatures above a certain critical temperature for the particle material. In particular, this type of morphological manipulation based on thermal treatments has been extensively applied to polymer particles. Nonetheless, interesting shaping effects have been observed also in inorganic materials, in particular silica particles. Due to their much less complex implementation and distinctive shaping effects in comparison to dry etching or high energy ion beam irradiation, thermal treatments turn out to be a powerful and competitive tool to induce colloidal particle deformation. In this review, we examine the physicochemical principles and mechanisms of heat-induced shaping as well as its experimental implementation. We also explore its applications, going from tailored masks for colloidal lithography to the fabrication of colloidal assemblies directly useful for their intrinsic optical, thermal and mechanical properties (e.g. thermal switches) and even to the synthesis of supraparticles and anisotropic particles, such as doublets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lotito
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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De Virgiliis A, Meyra A, Ciach A. Lattice Model Results for Pattern Formation in a Mixture with Competing Interactions. Molecules 2024; 29:1512. [PMID: 38611792 PMCID: PMC11013164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A monolayer consisting of two types of particles, with energetically favored alternating stripes of the two components, is studied by Monte Carlo simulations and within a mesoscopic theory. We consider a triangular lattice model and assume short-range attraction and long-range repulsion between particles of the same kind, as well as short-range repulsion and long-range attraction for the cross-interaction. The structural evolution of the model upon increasing temperature is studied for equal chemical potentials of the two species. We determine the structure factor, the chemical potential-density isotherms, the specific heat, and the compressibility, and show how these thermodynamic functions are associated with the spontaneous formation of stripes with varying degrees of order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres De Virgiliis
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-UNLP-CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (A.D.V.); (A.M.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Ariel Meyra
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-UNLP-CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (A.D.V.); (A.M.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad Regional La Plata, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Alina Ciach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Carr AD, Ruppert C, Samusev AK, Magnabosco G, Vogel N, Linnik TL, Rushforth AW, Bayer M, Scherbakov AV, Akimov AV. Enhanced Photon-Phonon Interaction in WSe 2 Acoustic Nanocavities. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1147-1155. [PMID: 38523745 PMCID: PMC10958595 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic nanocavities (ANCs) with resonance frequencies much above 1 GHz are prospective to be exploited in sensors and quantum operating devices. Nowadays, acoustic nanocavities fabricated from van der Waals (vdW) nanolayers allow them to exhibit resonance frequencies of the breathing acoustic mode up to f ∼ 1 THz and quality factors up to Q ∼ 103. For such high acoustic frequencies, electrical methods fail, and optical techniques are used for the generation and detection of coherent phonons. Here, we study experimentally acoustic nanocavities fabricated from WSe2 layers with thicknesses from 8 up to 130 nm deposited onto silica colloidal crystals. The substrate provides a strong mechanical support for the layers while keeping their acoustic properties the same as in membranes. We concentrate on experimental and theoretical studies of the amplitude of the optically measured acoustic signal from the breathing mode, which is the most important characteristic for acousto-optical devices. We probe the acoustic signal optically with a single wavelength in the vicinity of the exciton resonance and measure the relative changes in the reflectivity induced by coherent phonons up to 3 × 10-4 for f ∼ 100 GHz. We reveal the enhancement of photon-phonon interaction for a wide range of acoustic frequencies and show high sensitivity of the signal amplitude to the photoelastic constants governed by the deformation potential and dielectric function for photon energies near the exciton resonance. We also reveal a resonance in the photoelastic response (we call it photoelastic resonance) in the nanolayers with thickness close to the Bragg condition. The estimates show the capability of acoustic nanocavities with an exciton resonance for operations with high-frequency single phonons at an elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D. Carr
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Claudia Ruppert
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anton K. Samusev
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Giulia Magnabosco
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tetiana L. Linnik
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Theoretical Physics, V.E. Lashkaryov
Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrew W. Rushforth
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexey V. Scherbakov
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey V. Akimov
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
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Vialetto J, Camerin F, Ramakrishna SN, Zaccarelli E, Isa L. Exploring the 3D Conformation of Hard-Core Soft-Shell Particles Adsorbed at a Fluid Interface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303404. [PMID: 37541434 PMCID: PMC10558683 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of a rigid core within a soft polymeric shell allows obtaining composite colloidal particles that retain functional properties, e.g., optical or mechanical. At the same time, it favors their adsorption at fluid interfaces with a tunable interaction potential to realize tailored two-dimensional (2D) materials. Although they have already been employed for 2D assembly, the conformation of single particles, which is essential to define the monolayer properties, has been largely inferred via indirect or ex situ techniques. Here, by means of in situ atomic force microscopy experiments, the authors uncover the interfacial morphology of hard-core soft-shell microgels, integrating the data with numerical simulations to elucidate the role of the core properties, of the shell thicknesses, and that of the grafting density. They identify that the hard core can influence the conformation of the polymer shells. In particular, for the case of small shell thickness, low grafting density, or poor core affinity for water, the core protrudes more into the organic phase, and the authors observe a decrease in-plane stretching of the network at the interface. By rationalizing their general wetting behavior, such composite particles can be designed to exhibit specific inter-particle interactions of importance both for the stabilization of interfaces and for the fabrication of 2D materials with tailored functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vialetto
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and InterfacesDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
- Present address:
Department of Chemistry & CSGIUniversity of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3Sesto FiorentinoFirenzeI‐50019Italy
| | - Fabrizio Camerin
- CNR Institute for Complex SystemsUos SapienzaP.le A. Moro 2Roma00185Italy
- Department of PhysicsSapienza University of RomeP.le A. Moro 2Roma00185Italy
- Soft Condensed Matter & BiophysicsDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityPrincetonplein 1CC Utrecht3584The Netherlands
| | - Shivaprakash N. Ramakrishna
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and InterfacesDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- CNR Institute for Complex SystemsUos SapienzaP.le A. Moro 2Roma00185Italy
- Department of PhysicsSapienza University of RomeP.le A. Moro 2Roma00185Italy
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and InterfacesDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
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Higashitani K, Mori Y. Extraordinary Destabilization of Silica Nanocolloids by Filtration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5554-5560. [PMID: 37027321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
After silica nanoparticles in solutions were filtered by a syringe filter with a much larger pore size than the particle diameter Dp, the filtrated effects on the rapid coagulation rate in 1 M KCl solution, the dynamic light scattering diameter, and the zeta potential at pH ∼ 6 were investigated by employing the particles of two different sizes: S particles (Dp ∼ 50 nm) of silica and latex and L particles (Dp ∼ 300 nm) of silica. It was found that the hydrodynamic diameters of silica particles became a little smaller and the absolute values of their zeta potentials decreased significantly by filtration, but that is not the case for latex particles. As for the rapid coagulation rate, the value of silica S particles increased more than 2 orders of magnitude by filtration, but no significant difference was found in the case of silica L and latex S particles. From these data, it was postulated that the gel-like layer was removed from the surface of silica S particles by filtration and the existence of the gel-like layer resulted into about 2 orders of magnitude reduction of the rapid coagulation rate. The extraordinary reduction of rapid coagulation of silica particles at Dp < 150 nm was successfully estimated by the revised Smoluchowski theory, which we call the Higashitani-Mori (HM) model. It was also found that the rapid coagulation rate of filtrated particles decreased slowly with a decreasing particle size at Dp < ca. 250 nm, which was also estimated properly by the HM model, neglecting the contribution of the redispersion of coagulated particles. Another finding in this study was that the gel-like layers were recovered with time even if they were removed by filtration, although the detailed mechanism of this recovering is not known at present and left as a future problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Higashitani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University─Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasushige Mori
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University, Tatara Miyakodani 1-3, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
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Lu H, Wang D, Huang D, Feng L, Zhang H, Zhu P. Product from sessile droplet evaporation of PNIPAM/water system above LCST: A block or micro/nano-particles? J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:769-781. [PMID: 36565619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PNIPAM as a stimuli-responsive polymer has generated extreme interests due to its versatile applications. However, there is no research report on whether PNIPAM micro/nano-particles can be extracted from its suspension after phase separation. In the present work, LCST-type phase separation in self-synthesized PNIPAM/water system was investigated in depth by dividing the DLS testing process into four stages. In addition to quenching duration, temperature rise process, quenching temperature and PNIPAM concentration all have a great influence on particle size of the suspension. Meanwhile, the steady-state rheology and dynamic viscoelasticity results show that PNIPAM micro/nano-particles in the suspension are "soft" that can deform. Finally, FE-SEM was used to observe the morphology of dehydrated PNIPAM extracted by sessile droplet evaporation under different conditions. The results indicate that these "soft" particles are easier to fuse together, do not have sufficient mechanical strength to maintain their spherical morphology after dehydration. But the above fusion can be suppressed by adjusting evaporation conditions to acquire smaller PNIPAM particles which have sufficient mechanical properties to keep their basic particle morphology. Further, by changing evaporation pressure to positive or negative pressure, dehydrated PNIPAM micro/nano-particles with excellent uniformity and separation can be obtained. This work will provide guidance for extracting micro/nano-particles from polymer/diluent systems with LCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Danling Wang
- Zhongce Rubber Group Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Daye Huang
- Zhongce Rubber Group Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Luyao Feng
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huapeng Zhang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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Pattern Formation in Two-Component Monolayers of Particles with Competing Interactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031366. [PMID: 36771033 PMCID: PMC9920350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Competing interactions between charged inclusions in membranes of living organisms or charged nanoparticles in near-critical mixtures can lead to self-assembly into various patterns. Motivated by these systems, we developed a simple triangular lattice model for binary mixtures of oppositely charged particles with additional short-range attraction or repulsion between like or different particles, respectively. We determined the ground state for the system in contact with a reservoir of the particles for the whole chemical potentials plane, and the structure of self-assembled conglomerates for fixed numbers of particles. Stability of the low-temperature ordered patterns was verified by Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, we performed molecular dynamics simulations for a continuous model with interactions having similar features, but a larger range and lower strength than in the lattice model. Interactions with and without symmetry between different components were assumed. We investigated both the conglomerate formed in the center of a thin slit with repulsive walls, and the structure of a monolayer adsorbed at an attractive substrate. Both models give the same patterns for large chemical potentials or densities. For low densities, more patterns occur in the lattice model. Different phases coexist with dilute gas on the lattice and in the continuum, leading to different patterns in self-assembled conglomerates ('rafts').
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Kuk K, Abgarjan V, Gregel L, Zhou Y, Carrasco Fadanelli V, Buttinoni I, Karg M. Compression of colloidal monolayers at liquid interfaces: in situ vs. ex situ investigation. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:175-188. [PMID: 36426847 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of colloidal particles at liquid/liquid or air/liquid interfaces is a versatile procedure to create microstructured monolayers and study their behavior under compression. When combined with soft and deformable particles such as microgels, compression is used to tune not only the interparticle distance but also the underlying microstructure of the monolayer. So far, the great majority of studies on microgel-laden interfaces are conducted ex situ after transfer to solid substrates, for example, via Langmuir-Blodgett deposition. This type of analysis relies on the stringent assumption that the microstructure is conserved during transfer and subsequent drying. In this work, we couple a Langmuir trough to a custom-built small-angle light scattering setup to monitor colloidal monolayers in situ during compression. By comparing the results with ex situ and in situ microscopy measurements, we conclude that Langmuir-Blodgett deposition can alter the structural properties of the colloidal monolayers significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keumkyung Kuk
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Vahan Abgarjan
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Lukas Gregel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Yichu Zhou
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Virginia Carrasco Fadanelli
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik der kondensierten Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivo Buttinoni
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik der kondensierten Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Karg
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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