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Feng Y, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhao R, Deng K. Polymerization-induced emission and selective detection to Fe 3+/ Fe 2+ of triazine-containing polyureas. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124502. [PMID: 38815296 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, four polyureas with triazine moiety (PUAs) were successfully synthesized through the polymerization of triazine-containing diamine and diisocyanate. The intramolecular aggregation of triazine rings and urea groups along the macromolecular backbone gives PUAs a significant polymerization-induced emission (PIE). Among the four PUAs, PUA-LP shows a significant fluorescent emission at 450 nm, compared to non/weak fluorescent 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine and L-Lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester monomers. Additionally, the external factors such as solution concentration, excitation wavelength, and precipitants also play a crucial role in the fluorescence of PUAs. As expected, PUA-LP can selectively recognize and detect Fe3+/Fe2+ ions even in the presence of 12 other metal ions and 10 anions. The limit of detection of PUA-LP to Fe3+/Fe2+ is as low as 1.02 μM (0.06 mg/L) and 0.86 μM (0.05 mg/L), respectively, and far below 0.3 mg/L of the allowable national standard for drinking water by WHO. Furthermore, the quenching mechanism of Fe3+/Fe2+ to PUA-LP is attributed to static quenching caused by the coordination of Fe3+/Fe2+ ions with a coordination ratio of 2:1. Based on PIE, the fluorescent PUA-LP was made into an observable and portable testing paper for detecting Fe3+/Fe2+ ions. Finally, we measured the recovery rate of the actual tap water samples and compared the performance of PIE-active PUA-LP with the other reported fluorescent probes to Fe3+/Fe2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Meijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ronghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kuilin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Jiang N, Zhu CY, Li KX, Xu YH, Bryce MR. Recent Progress in Nonconventional Luminescent Macromolecules and their Applications. Macromolecules 2024; 57:5561-5577. [PMID: 38948183 PMCID: PMC11210344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Traditional π-conjugated luminescent macromolecules typically suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and high cytotoxicity, and they require complex synthetic processes. In contrast, nonconventional luminescent macromolecules (NCLMs) with nonconjugated structures possess excellent biocompatibility, ease of preparation, unique luminescence behavior, and emerging applications in optoelectronics, biology, and medicine. NCLMs are currently believed to produce inherent luminescence due to through-space conjugation of overlapping electron orbitals in solid/aggregate states. However, as experimental facts continue to exceed expectations or even overturn some previous assumptions, there is still controversy about the detailed luminous mechanism of NCLMs, and extensive studies are needed to further explore the mechanism. This Perspective highlights recent progress in NCLMs and classifies and summarizes these advances from the viewpoint of molecular design, mechanism exploration, applications, and challenges and prospects. The aim is to provide guidance and inspiration for the huge fundamental and practical potential of NCLMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal
University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Chang-Yi Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal
University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal
University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Yan-Hong Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal
University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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Fan E, Guo H, Hao T, Zhao R, Zhang P, Feng Y, Liu Y, Deng K. Morpholine-modified polyacrylamides with Polymerization-Induced emission and its specific detection to Cu 2+ ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123782. [PMID: 38215564 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In this work, three morpholine-modified polyacrylamide derivatives (MMPAm) were successfully prepared by free radical polymerization of monomers with morpholine moiety. The intramolecular aggregation of morpholine rings on macromolecular backbone gives MMPAm a significant polymerization-induced emission (PIE). Particularly, poly(N-morpholine acrylamide) (PNMPA) has the characteristics of strong fluorescence at 450 nm, and its fluorescence quantum yield reaches 2.87 %. The introduction of morpholine moiety, the length of CH2 spacer between morpholine ring and the backbone and the molecular weight play the important roles in PIE properties of PNMPA. Interestingly, PNMPA can recognize and detect Cu2+ specifically even in the presence of 12 other metal ions by thorough fluorescence quenching, and the detection limit of PNMPA is 17.3 μM. Furthermore, the dynamic quenching of PNMPA by Cu2+ ions and the complexation ratio of 1:2 according to JOB's working diagram were confirmed by fluorescence titration. Under the assistance of EDTA, a reversible detection system for Cu2+ is achieved, and a portable test paper from PNMPA for the detection of Cu2+ was also made. In conclusion, PNMPA is endowed with a significant PIE effect by the intramolecular aggregation of morpholine rings along the backbone in the polymerization of non-fluorescent monomer, and is expected to be a promising material for specific detection to Cu2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebie Province (Project Number: 22567620H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Huiying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebie Province (Project Number: 22567620H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebie Province (Project Number: 22567620H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ronghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebie Province (Project Number: 22567620H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebie Province (Project Number: 22567620H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yayu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebie Province (Project Number: 22567620H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebie Province (Project Number: 22567620H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kuilin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebie Province (Project Number: 22567620H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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