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Jain S, Danovich D, Shaik S. Dinitrogen Activation within Frustrated Lewis Pairs Is Promoted by Adding External Electric Fields. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4595-4604. [PMID: 38775015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study uses computational means to explore the feasibility of N2 cleavage by frustrated Lewis pair (FLPs) species. The employed FLP systems are phosphane/borane (1) and carbene/borane (2). Previous studies show that 1 and 2 react with H2 and CO2 but do not activate N2. The present study demonstrates that N2 is indeed inert, and its activation requires augmentation of the FLPs by an external tool. As we demonstrate here, FLP-mediated N2 activation can be achieved by an external electric field oriented along the reaction axis of the FLP. Additionally, the study demonstrates that FLP -N2 activation generates useful nitrogen compound, e.g., hydrazine (H2N-NH2). In summary, we conclude that FLP effectively activates N2 in tandem with oriented external electric fields (OEEFs), which play a crucial role. This FLP/OEEF combination may serve as a general activator of inert molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Jain
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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2
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Li J, Yin H, Liu S, Xu C, Cai Z. Significantly enhanced catalytic performance of Pd nanocatalyst on AlOOH featuring abundant solid surface frustrated Lewis pair for improved hydrogen activation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12593-12599. [PMID: 38638811 PMCID: PMC11024899 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01852d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The catalytic performance of a catalyst is significantly influenced by its ability to activate hydrogen. Constructing frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) with the capacity for hydrogen dissociation on non-reducible supports remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we employed a straightforward method to synthesize a layered AlOOH featuring abundant OH defects suitable for constructing solid surface frustrated Lewis pair (ssFLP). The results indicated that the AlOOH-80 (synthesized at 80 °C) possessed an appropriate crystalline structure conducive to generating numerous OH defects, which facilitated the formation of ssFLP. This was further evidenced by the minimal water adsorption in the AlOOH-80, inversely correlated with the quantity of defects in the catalyst. As expected, the Pd loaded onto AlOOH (Pd/AlOOH-80) exhibited excellent catalytic activity in hydrogenation reactions, attributed to abundant defects available for constructing ssFLP. Remarkably, the Pd/AlOOH-80 catalyst, with larger-sized Pd nanoparticles, displayed notably superior activity compared to commercial Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/C, both featuring smaller-sized Pd nanoparticles. Evidently, under the influence of ssFLP, the size effect of Pd nanoparticles did not dominate, highlighting the pivotal role of ssFLP in enhancing catalytic performance. This catalyst also exhibited exceptionally high stability, indicating its potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan NormalUniversity Zhangzhou 363000 China
| | - Hongshuai Yin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan NormalUniversity Zhangzhou 363000 China
| | - Sisi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan NormalUniversity Zhangzhou 363000 China
| | - Chaofa Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan NormalUniversity Zhangzhou 363000 China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou 363000 China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan NormalUniversity Zhangzhou 363000 China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou 363000 China
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Major CJ, Chen SM, Stephan DW. Boron diamide derivatives containing N-N and N-P molecular fragments. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2159-2166. [PMID: 38189199 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03665k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The cationic and neutral boron-diamide precursors are employed to target the inclusion of N2 and N-P molecular fragments. The species (HCN(Dipp))2BNH25, and (H2CN(Dipp))2BNH26 were prepared. While efforts to oxidize with [NO]+ gave mixtures of products, reactions with N2H4 gave the salts [(HCN(Dipp))2B(NHNH3)][O3SCF3] 7 [(H2CN(Dipp))2B(NHNH3)][O3SCF3] 8. Excess N2H4 gave the neutral species (HCN(Dipp))2B(NHNH2) 9 and (H2CN(Dipp))2B(NHNH2) 10, respectively. The species (H2CN(Dipp))2B(N3) 11 was prepared for comparative purposes. Turning to related NP species, compound 6 was converted to (HCN(Dipp))2B(NHPCl2) 12, while (HCN(Dipp))2BNK(SiMe3) 14 was used to give (HCN(Dipp))2BN(SiMe3)PCl215. Replacement of one of the chlorides gave (HCN(Dipp))2BN(SiMe3)PCl(OSO2CF3) 16 which converts to [(HCN(Dipp))2BNPCl]217. Similarly heating 15 afforded 17. The insights for the synthesis of further boron-N2 and boron-NP derivatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Major
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Kim H, Lough A, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. Addition and NN bond cleavage of diazo-compounds by phosphino-phosphenium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1031-1034. [PMID: 38174434 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The phosphino-phosphenium cation (PPC) [Ph3PPPh2][GaCl4] reacts as a frustrated Lewis pair to add across the NN bond of (tBuO2CN)2. In contrast, photolytical addition [Ph2ClPPPh2][GaCl4] to (RN)2 results in cleavage of the NN bond affording [Ph2P(μ-NR)2PPh2Cl][GaCl4] (R = Ph 2, C6H4Cl3). While the chloride of 2 is replaced with N3 or CN via reaction with Me3SiN3 or tBuNC respectively, reaction with (C6F5)2BH effects ring opening to give [HN(Ph)PPh2(μ-NPh)PPh2][GaCl4] 7. This reactivity demonstrates that PPCs behave as FLPs to effect either addition or cleavage of NN double bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehwang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Alan Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, Bonn 53115, Germany.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, Bonn 53115, Germany.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
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Bedi V, Mandal D, Hussain Z, Chen SM, Wu Y, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. The impact of Lewis acid variation on reactions with di- tert-butyl diazo diesters. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:439-443. [PMID: 38093643 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reactions of (tBuO2CN)2 with Lewis acids and FLPs have previously been shown to prompt the formation of diazene compounds. In this work, we show that the reaction of (tBuO2CN)2 with 9-BBN leads to a bicyclic heterocyclic product (tBuOCO(BBN)CN)21. In contrast, the reactions of (tBuO2CN)2 with BF3 or [Et3Si][B(C6F5)4] lead to the isolation of [tBuNHNH2tBu][BF4] 2 and [tBuN(H)NtBu][B(C6F5)4] 3, respectively. The mechanism for the formation of 2 is probed computationally, demonstrating that steric and electronic considerations of the Lewis acid impact the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Bedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Dipendu Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Yile Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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Yan M, Xiao L, Xiong J, Jin L, Stephan DW, Guo J. Borane catalyzed transesterification of tert-butyl esters using α-aryl α-diazoesters. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8279-8283. [PMID: 37812087 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01548c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The B(C6F5)3-catalyzed transesterification of a series of 3-alkenyl-oxindoles and other unsaturated tert-butyl esters with aryl-diazo esters is reported. This protocol is facile and generally high yielding proceeding under mild conditions and is remarkably chemoselective leaving the CC bonds intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maying Yan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lei Xiao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiangkun Xiong
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lvnan Jin
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
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