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Ju M, Yang L, Wang G, Zong F, Shen Y, Wu S, Tang X, Yu D. A type I and type II chemical biology toolbox to overcome the hypoxic tumour microenvironment for photodynamic therapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2831-2840. [PMID: 38683541 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality employed for the treatment of various types of cancers, localized infections, and other diseases. Upon illumination, the photo-excited photosensitizer generates singlet oxygen and other reactive species, thereby inducing cytotoxicity in the target cells. The hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME), however, poses a limitation on the supply of oxygen in tumour tissues. Moreover, under such conditions, tumour metastasis and drug resistance frequently occur, further compromising the efficacy of PDT in combating tumours. Traditionally, type I photosensitizers with lower oxygen consumption demonstrate significant potential in overcoming hypoxic environments and play a crucial role in determining the therapeutic efficacy of PDT because type I photosensitizers can generate highly cytotoxic free radicals. In comparison, type II photosensitizers exhibit high oxygen dependence. The rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the type II process is significantly higher than that in the type I process. Thus, the efficiency and selectivity of PDT depend on the properties of the photosensitizer. Here, the recent development and application of type I and type II photosensitizers, mainly in the past year, are summarized. The design methods, electronic structures, photophysical properties, lipophilic properties, electric charge, and other molecular characteristics of these photosensitizers are discussed in detail. These modifications alter the microstructure of photosensitizers and directly impact the results of PDT. The main content of this paper will have a positive promoting and inspiring effect on the future development of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Specialist Clinic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng Zong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuna Tang
- Department of Specialist Clinic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Decai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Xia D, Cheng Y, Zhang M, Ma J, Liang B, Wang P. Regulation of Fluorescence and Self-assembly of a Salicylaldehyde Azine-Containing Amphiphile by Pillararene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304200. [PMID: 38340042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of fluorescence and self-assembly of a salicylaldehyde azine-containing amphiphile by a water-soluble pillar[5]arene via host-guest recognition in water was realized. The fluorescence and the self-assembled aggregates of the bola-type amphiphile G can be tailored by adding different amounts of water-soluble pillar[5]arene (WP5). In addition, the emission property and self-assembly behavior of G and WP5 are responsive to pH conditions. Furthermore, the fluorescence emission property of G and the regulation by WP5 or pH conditions was applied as information encryption material, rewritable paper, and erasable ink. We believe that this fluorescence regulation strategy is promising for the construction of advanced fluorescent organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Xia
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Meiru Zhang
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Ma
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Bicong Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Pi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Li X, Shen M, Yang J, Liu L, Yang YW. Pillararene-Based Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313317. [PMID: 38206943 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant challenge to global public health, seriously threatening human health and life. Although various therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy, phototherapy, and starvation therapy, are applied to cancer treatment, their limited therapeutic effect, severe side effects, and unsatisfactory drug release behavior need to be carefully considered. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop efficient drug delivery strategies for improving cancer treatment efficacy and realizing on-demand drug delivery. Notably, pillararenes, as an emerging class of supramolecular macrocycles, possess unique properties of highly tunable structures, superior host-guest chemistry, facile modification, and good biocompatibility, which are widely used in cancer therapy to achieve controllable drug release and reduce the toxic side effects on normal tissues under various internal/external stimuli conditions. This review summarizes the recent advance of stimuli-responsive supramolecular delivery systems (SDSs) based on pillararenes for tumor therapy from the perspectives of different assembly methods and hybrid materials, including molecular-scale SDSs, supramolecular nano self-assembly delivery systems, and nanohybrid SDSs. Moreover, the prospects and critical challenges of stimuli-responsive SDSs based on pillararenes for cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Meili Shen
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Chemistry and School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry and School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
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Todee B, Sanae P, Ruengsuk A, Janthakit P, Promarak V, Tantirungrotechai J, Sukwattanasinitt M, Limpanuparb T, Harding DJ, Bunchuay T. Switchable Metal-Ion Selectivity in Sulfur-Functionalised Pillar[5]arenes and Their Host-Guest Complexes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300913. [PMID: 37971488 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution of pertosylated pillar[5]arene (P-OTs) with commercially available sulfur containing nucleophiles (KSCN, KSAc, and thiophenol), yields a series of sulfur-functionalised pillar[5]arenes. DLS results and SEM images imply that these pillararene macrocycles self-assemble in acetonitrile solution, while X-ray crystallographic evidence suggests solvent-dependent assembly in the solid state. The nature of the sulfur substituents decorating the rim of the pillararene controls binding affinities towards organic guest encapsulations within the cavity and dictates metal-ion binding properties through the formation of favorable S-M2+ coordination bonds outside the cavity, as determined by 1 H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopic experiments. Addition of a dinitrile guest containing a bis-triazole benzene spacer (btn) induced formation of pseudorotaxane host-guest complexes. Fluorescence emission signals from these discrete macrocycles were significantly attenuated in the presence of either Hg2+ or Cu2+ in solution. Analogous titrations utilizing the corresponding pseudorotaxanes alter the binding selectivity and improve fluorescence sensing sensitivity. In addition, preliminary liquid-liquid extraction studies indicate that the macrocycles facilitate the transfer of Cu2+ from the aqueous to the organic phase in comparison to extraction without pillar[5]arene ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunyaporn Todee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Sciense, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Patharaporn Sanae
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Sciense, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Araya Ruengsuk
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Sciense, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattarapapa Janthakit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Jonggol Tantirungrotechai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Sciense, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Taweetham Limpanuparb
- Science Division, Mahidol University International College, Mahidol University, Salaya, 73170, Thailand
| | - David J Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Thanthapatra Bunchuay
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Sciense, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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