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Delattre V, Goual N, Retailleau P, Marinetti A, Voituriez A. Synthesis of Halogenated Dibenzo[1,2,6]triazonines and Late-Stage Functionalization of the Triazonine Ring. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10939-10945. [PMID: 39037737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Dibenzotriazonine represent a new class of nine-membered cyclic azobenzenes with a nitrogen atom embedded in the bridging chain. To enable future applications of this photoactive backbone, we propose in this study the synthesis of mono- and dihalogenated triazonines, that allow the late-stage introduction of different functionalized aryl groups and heteroatoms (N, O, and P) via palladium-catalyzed reactions. Indeed, different diphenylphosphoryl-triazonines were synthesized with functional groups such as aniline or phenol. Bis(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl mono- and bis-carbamate-triazonines were also isolated in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Delattre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Nawel Goual
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Angela Marinetti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
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Bag SK, Pal A, Jana S, Thakur A. Recent Advances on Diarylethene-Based Photoswitching Materials: Applications in Bioimaging, Controlled Singlet Oxygen Generation for Photodynamic Therapy and Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400238. [PMID: 38578057 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoswitching materials have emerged as a promising class of compounds that possess manifold interesting properties rendering their widespread use from photoswitches, regulators to optoelectronic devices, security technologies and biochemical assays. Diarylethenes (DAE) constitute one such category of photoswitchable compounds, where the key features of stability, photoisomerization wavelengths, quantum yield and variability in the photoisomers significantly depend on their derivatization. The last decade has witnessed a surge in the engagement of DAEs in different areas of chemical and biological sciences, like biomarkers, controlled generation of singlet oxygen, photo-dynamic therapy, chemosensing, catalysis, etc. In all the cases, the photoswitchability of DAE is the principal regulating factor along with its emission properties according to the appended groups. Previous reviews on applications of DAE-based systems did not predominantly cover all the aspects of biological and industrial implementations. They have covered only one field of application either in the biological science or in the synthetic aspect or photochromic aspects only. This review is a coalition of all those aspects in last six years. Here the variation of properties of the DAE systems with respect to structural diversifications have been discussed in detail along with their potential applications in bioimaging of cells, regulating singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy and catalysis of organic reactions, and their future prospects. A tabular presentation of the photophysical properties of DAE derivatives adds to the basic understanding of this subject at a glance. We hope that this cumulative collection of contemporary research on DAE, as presented in this review, will enhance the knowledge of the readers about synthetic design anticipating their properties well in advance, and will certainly motivate researchers to generate new DAE architectures with superior chemical and biological properties in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kumar Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhendu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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Sherstiuk A, Villabona M, Lledós A, Hernando J, Sebastián RM, Hey-Hawkins E. Amplified photomodulation of a bis(dithienylethene)-substituted phosphine. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6190-6199. [PMID: 38441242 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Phosphine ligands play a crucial role in homogeneous catalysis, allowing fine-tuning of the catalytic activity of various metals by modifying their structure. An ultimate challenge in this field is to reach controlled modulation of catalysis in situ, for which the development of phosphines capable of photoswitching between states with differential electronic properties has been proposed. To magnify this light-induced behavior, in this work we describe a novel phosphine ligand incorporating two dithienylethene photoswitchable moieties tethered to the same phosphorus atom. Double photoisomerization was observed for this ligand, which remains unhindered upon gold(I) complexation. As a result, the preparation of a fully ring-closed phosphine isomer was accomplished, for which amplified variation of phosphorus electron density was verified both experimentally and by computational calculations. Accordingly, the presented molecular design based on multiphotochromic phosphines could open new ways for preparing enhanced photoswitchable catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sherstiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Villabona
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Szlosek R, Niefanger AS, Balázs G, Seidl M, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Characterization of the Ligand Properties of Donor-stabilized Pnictogenyltrielanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303603. [PMID: 38131435 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A general synthesis and the characterization of novel alkyl-substituted NHC-stabilized pnictogenylboranes NHC ⋅ BH2 ER2 (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene, E=P, As; R2 =Me2 , Ph2 , t BuH, Cy2 , (SiMe3 )2 ) are reported. These compounds were reacted with Ni(CO)4 to the corresponding complexes of the type [(NHC ⋅ BH2 ER2 )Ni(CO)3 ] to determine their donor strength by Tolman Electronic Parameters (TEPs) and their steric demand as ligands compared to classical phosphines, superbasic phosphines and other commonly applied donor systems. The results show that the NHC-stabilized pnictogenyltrielanes can be considered as being highly basic, while their steric influence depends strongly on the organic residues as well as the donor attached to the {BH2 } moiety. Although weaker than commonly used superbasic phosphines, the donor strength of pnictogenyltrielanes in general can be classified as of similar strength as NHCs. The steric and electronic properties can easily be modified by alkyl substitution as evident from the TEP trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Szlosek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Taube C, Fidelius J, Schwedtmann K, Ziegler C, Kreuter F, Loots L, Barbour LJ, Tonner-Zech R, Wolf R, Weigand JJ. Visible-Light-Triggered Photoswitching of Diphosphene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306706. [PMID: 37671442 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Although diphosphene transition metal complexes are known to undergo E to Z isomerization upon irradiation with UV light, their potential for photoswitching has remained poorly explored. In this study, we present diphosphene complexes capable of reversible photoisomerizations through haptotropic rearrangements. The compounds [(2-κ2 P,κ6 C)Mo(CO)2 ][OTf] (3 a[OTf]), [(2-κ2 P,κ6 C)Fe(CO)][OTf] (3 b[OTf]), and [(2-κ2 P)Fe(CO)4 ][OTf] (4[OTf]) were prepared using the triflate salt [(LC )P=P(Dipp)][OTf] (2[OTf) as a precursor (LC =4,5-dichloro-1,3-bis(2,6-diisiopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-yl; Dipp=2,6-diisiopropylphenyl, OTf=triflate). Upon exposure to blue or UV light (λ=400 nm, 470 nm), the initially red-colored η2 -diphosphene complexes 3 a,b[OTf] readily undergo isomerization to form blue-colored η1 -complexes [(2-κ1 P,κ6 C)M(CO)n ][OTf] (5 a,b[OTf]; a: M=Mo, n=2; b: M=Fe, n=1). This haptotropic rearrangement is reversible, and the (κ2 P,κ6 C)-coordination mode gradually reverts back upon dissolution in coordinating solvents or more rapidly upon exposure to yellow or red irradiation (λ=590 nm, 630 nm). The electronic reasons for the reversible visible-light-induced photoswitching observed for 3 a,b[OTf] are elucidated by DFT calculations. These calculations indicate that the photochromic isomerization originates from the S1 excited state and proceeds through a conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Taube
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jannis Fidelius
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Ziegler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kreuter
- Wilhelm Ostwald Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leigh Loots
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Leonard J Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Ralf Tonner-Zech
- Wilhelm Ostwald Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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