A trifunctional polyethylene oxide buffer layer for stable and efficient all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells

Improving the performance of perovskite solar cells using a dual-hole transport layer

The energy loss (Eloss) caused by inefficient charge transfer and large energy level offset at the buried interface can easily restrict the performance of p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). In this study, the utilization of poly-TPD and P3CT-N as a dual-hole transporting layer (HTLs) was implemented in a sequential manner. This approach aimed to improve the charge transfer efficiency of the HTL and mitigate charge recombination at the interface between the HTL and PVK. The results showed that this strategy also could achieve more suitable energy levels, improve the quality of the perovskite film layer, and ultimately enhance the device's stability. IPVSCs employing the dual-HTLs approach exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 19.85%, and the open-circuit voltage increased to 1.09 V from 1.00 V. This study offers a straightforward and efficient approach to boost the device performance by minimizing Eloss and reducing the buried interfacial defects. The findings underscore the potential of employing a dual-HTL strategy as a promising pathway for further advancements in PVSCs.

Advances in the research of carbon electrodes for perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were first proposed in 2009. They have the advantages of low cost, a simple manufacturing process and excellent photoelectric performance. PSC electrodes are mainly made from precious metals such as gold and silver. Still, the cost of precious metals is high and they react with the other components of the PSCs, resulting in the poor stability of the photovoltaic device. Using carbon as an electrode material can both reduce the cost and significantly improve the stability of the photovoltaic device. However, the poor interface contact between the carbon electrode and perovskite and carbon electrode resistance results in poor photovoltaic device photoelectric performance. Finding a way to successfully utilize carbon as an alternative electrode material is a key step toward moving PSCs from the laboratory to industrialization. This paper reviews the application of carbon black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and composite carbon electrode in PSCs, focusing on progress in the research of doping, structure, interface modification and the production process.