1
|
Lai J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Gong T, He L, Wang Z, Xia H. 3D Printing Self-Healing and Self-Adhesive Elastomers for Wearable Electronics in Amphibious Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16880-16892. [PMID: 38506556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
To meet the demands of challenging usage scenarios, there is an increasing need for flexible electronic skins that can operate properly not only in terrestrial environments but also extend to complex aquatic conditions. In this study, we develop an elastomer by incorporating dynamic urea bonds and hydrogen bonds into the polydimethylsiloxane backbone, which exhibits excellent autonomous self-healing and reversible adhesive performance in both dry and wet environments. A multifunctional flexible sensor with excellent sensing stability, amphibious self-healing capacity, and amphibious self-adhesive performance is fabricated through solvent-free 3D printing. The sensor has a high sensing sensitivity (GF = 45.1) and a low strain response threshold (0.25%) and can be used to detect small human movements and physiological activities, such as muscle movement, joint movement, respiration, and heartbeat. The wireless wearable sensing system assembled by coupling this device with a bluetooth transmission system is suitable for monitoring strenuous human movement in amphibious environments, such as playing basketball, cycling, running (terrestrial environments), and swimming (aquatic environments). The design strategy provides insights into enhancing the self-healing and self-adhesive properties of soft materials and promises a prospective avenue for fabricating flexible electronic skin that can work properly in amphibious environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, China
| | - Qifan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lirong He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hesheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akash TS, Ishraaq R, Das S. All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Uncharged Linear Polymer Bottlebrushes: Effect of the Brush Sizes and the Number of Side-Chain Monomers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38295136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs), characterized by grafted polymer side chains on linear backbone polymer chain, have emerged as a unique and versatile class of macromolecules with extensive applications in the fields of material science, electronics, battery materials, self-healing technology, etc. In this paper, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to present a comprehensive study of poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PMMA-g-PEtOx) BBP and its structural and hydration properties for varying number of backbone monomers (NBB) and side chain monomers (NSC), as well as properties of water molecules supported by the BBP. We find that the radius of gyration follows a scaling of Rg ∼NSC0.36 for smaller grafts and Rg ∼ NSC0.52-0.58 for longer grafts. We also find that the overall shape of the bottlebrush goes from a rod to sphere-like shape with the increase in NSC. Both the hydration per side chain monomer and hydrogen bonds (HBs) per oxygen and nitrogen of the side chain monomer reduce with an increase in NSC, caused by a corresponding enhancement in localization of the side chain monomers in the interior of the BBP. Furthermore, steric influences ensure the number of water-oxygen HBs is much more than the number of water-nitrogen HBs (with oxygen and nitrogen atoms belonging to the monomer side chains). Also, the BBP-supported water molecules demonstrate two distinctly ordered domains with one more structured and one less structured. The more structured domain disappears with an increase in NSC that causes more side chain monomers to localize in the interior of the BBPs. Finally, we observe that despite the highly negative partial charges of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms (of the side chain monomers), the dipole orientation distributions of water molecules around these atoms exhibit the presence of a neutral environment rather than an anionic environment. Overall, we anticipate that our study will generate significant interest in probing the various BBP systems in greater atomistic detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar Akash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Raashiq Ishraaq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Dong W, Li L, Dou Z, Li Y, Wei L, Zhang Q, Fu Q, Wu K. A strain-reinforcing elastomer adhesive with superior adhesive strength and toughness. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4183-4191. [PMID: 37534697 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong and ductile adhesives often undergo both interfacial and cohesive failure during the debonding process. Herein, we report a rare self-reinforcing polyurethane adhesive that shows the different phenomenon of only interfacial failure yet still exhibiting superior adhesive strength and toughness. It is synthesized by designing a hanging adhesive moiety, hierarchical H-bond moieties, and a crystallizable soft segment into one macromolecular polyurethane. The former hanging adhesive moiety allows the hot-melt adhesive to effectively associate with the target substrate, providing sufficient adhesion energy; the latter hierarchical H-bond moieties and a crystallizable soft segment cooperate to enable the adhesive to undergo large lap-shear deformations through sacrificing weak bonds and mechano-responsive strength through the fundamental mechanism of strain-induced crystallization. As a result, this polyurethane adhesive can keep itself intact during the debonding process while still withstanding a high lap-shear strength and dissipating tremendous stress energy. Its adhesive strength and work of debonding are as high as 11.37 MPa and 10.32 kN m-1, respectively, outperforming most reported tough adhesives. This self-reinforcing adhesive is regarded as a new member of the family of strong and ductile adhesives, which will provide innovative chemical and structural inspirations for future conveniently detachable yet high-performance adhesives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Wenbo Dong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengli Dou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhan Li
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Elastic Sealing Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Liuhe Wei
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Elastic Sealing Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Li X, Xia T, Chen W, Shea KJ, Lu X. Remarkable sol-gel transition of PNIPAm-based nanogels via large steric hindrance of side-chains. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4452-4462. [PMID: 37503733 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00892d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
While the block/graft/branched structures are widely studied to favor the reversible physical gelation, there are no reports regarding the steric hindrance-induced sol-gel transition of PNIPAm-based nanogels above their phase transition temperature (Tp). Generally, the introduction of hydrophobic components into poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm)-based nanogels only led to collapse and lower viscosity instead of the sol-gel transition upon heating above the Tp. Herein, the results of temperature-variable 1HNMR and FTIR confirm that the introduction of hydrophobic N-tert-butylacrylamide (TBA) with the large steric hindrance of side groups of N-tert-butyl to form NIPAm/TBA copolymer nanogels can dramatically slow down the dehydration of all the hydrophobic alkyl groups, thus resulting in the formation of thermally induced sol-gel transition above the Tp. Furthermore, the N-acrylamido-L-phenylalanine (APhe) monomer composed of a strongly water absorbing carboxyl group and a phenyl group with larger steric hindrance is studied to form P(NIPAm/TBA/APhe) terpolymer nanogels which can self-assemble into colorful colloidal crystals. Surprisingly, owing to the synergistic effect between the water absorbing carboxyl group and the steric hindrance group on the same side group, these colloidal crystals can achieve sol-gel transition above Tp, forming a physically crosslinked colorful hydrogel. This work is expected to greatly advance the design, synthesis, and application of the sol-gel transition of PNIPAm-based nanogel systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Nano-Micro Advanced Materials Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd., Three Creation Park, Jinjiang, Fujian 362200, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Microdelivery Smart Microcapsule Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd., Tongling, Anhui 244000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Xihua Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Nano-Micro Advanced Materials Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd., Three Creation Park, Jinjiang, Fujian 362200, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Microdelivery Smart Microcapsule Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd., Tongling, Anhui 244000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|