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Haridas A, Mondal R, Nayak B, Ottakam Thotiyl M. Reductive Inner-Sphere Electrosynthesis of Ammonia via a Nonelectrocatalytic Outer-Sphere Redox. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39225073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemistry of outer-sphere redox molecules involves an essentially intact primary coordination sphere with minimal secondary sphere adjustments, resulting in very fast electron transfer events even without a noble metal-based electrocatalyst. Departing from conventional electrocatalytic paradigms, we incorporate these minimal reaction coordinate adjustments of outer-sphere species to stimulate the electrocatalysis of energetically challenging inner-sphere substrates. Through this approach, we are able to show an intricate 8e- and 9H+ transfer inner-sphere reductive electrocatalysis at almost half the energy input of a conventional inner-sphere electron donor. This methodology of employing outer-sphere redox species has the potential to notably improve the cost and energy benefits in electrochemical transformations involving fundamental substrates such as water, CO2, N2, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Haridas
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ritwik Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Bhojkumar Nayak
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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Lan J, Wu H, Yang L, Chen J. The design engineering of nanocatalysts for high power redox flow batteries. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10566-10577. [PMID: 38738335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00689e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one of the most promising long-term energy storage technologies which utilize the redox reaction of active species to realize charge and discharge. With the decoupled power and energy components, RFBs exhibit high battery pile construction flexibility and long lifespan. However, the inherent slow electrochemical kinetics of the current widely applied redox active species severely impedes the power output of RFBs. Developing high performance electrocatalysts for these redox active species would boost the power output and energy efficiency of RFBs. Here, we present a critical review of nanoelectrocatalysts to improve the sluggish kinetics of different redox active species, mainly including the chemical components, structure and integration methods. The relationship between the physicochemical properties of nanoelectrocatalysts and the power output of RFBs is highlighted. Finally, the future design of nanoelectrocatalysts for commercial RFBs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinji Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Material of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Huilei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Material of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Material of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Jiajia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Material of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
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Nayak B, Arattu Thodika AR, Kumar H, Thimmappa R, Ottakam Thotiyl M. Directional molecular transport in iron redox flow batteries by interfacial electrostatic forces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:289-297. [PMID: 38354556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The mounting global energy demand urges surplus electricity generation. Due to dwindling fossil resources and environmental concerns, shifting from carbon-based fuels to renewables is vital. Though renewables are affordable, their intermittent nature poses supply challenges. In these contexts, aqueous flow batteries (AFBs), are a viable energy storage solution. This study tackles AFBs' energy density and efficiency challenges. Conventional strategies focus on altering molecule's solubility but overlook interface's transport kinetics. We show that triggering electrostatic forces at the interface can significantly enhance the mass transport kinetics of redox active molecules by introducing a powerful electrostatic flux over the diffusional flux, thereby exerting a precise directionality on the molecular transport. This approach of controlling the directionality of molecular flux in an all iron redox flow battery amplifies the current and power rating with approximately 140 % enhancement in the energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhojkumar Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abdul Raafik Arattu Thodika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravikumar Thimmappa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.
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