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Kichatov B, Korshunov A, Sudakov V. Chemical magnetism - surface force to move motors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:24542-24552. [PMID: 39268693 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02537g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
If redox reactions occur on the surface of a motor and a current loop arises, then in a non-uniform magnetic field, in addition to the usual magnetic force, such a motor will also be affected by a chemical magnetic force. The chemical magnetic force belongs to the class of surface forces. Here we analyze for the first time the properties of chemical magnets, which consist of three dissimilar metals, as well as the magnetic field generated by a chemical magnet using paramagnetic nanoparticles. The results of the study show that the chemical magnetic force depends on the concentration and type of electrolyte, the pH of the solution, the temperature, and the structure of the chemical magnet. The results obtained can contribute to the creation of devices where chemical energy is directly converted into kinetic energy of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kichatov
- Semenov Federal Research Central for Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Korshunov
- Semenov Federal Research Central for Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Sudakov
- Semenov Federal Research Central for Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia.
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Pei J, Yin K, Song X, Yang P, Wang L, Huang Y, Awan SU, Khalil ASG. Alcohol-gating femtosecond laser-induced micro/nano-structured membranes with reversible switching wettability and breathability. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39172388 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00913d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
A reversible liquid gating membrane with the ability to regulate gas/liquid transport is critical for many fields, such as biological applications, multiphase separation, and sewerage treatment. Numerous membranes can respond to external stimuli and dynamically control gas/liquid fluid transport; however, simultaneously achieving regulated gas/liquid transport membranes through simple manufacturing remains a challenge. In this work, we investigated an alcohol-regulation gating membrane via femtosecond laser one-step processing, allowing in situ dynamically controllable gas/liquid transfer. More specifically, the porous membrane, processed by laser, exhibits excellent superhydrophobicity (WCA ∼ 153.4°) and breathability (water-vapor evaporation rates ∼118.3 mg (cm2 h)-1), enabling gas to penetrate but not water. In contrast, it allows the passage of water while preventing the permeation of gas subsequent to the introduction of alcohol. Furthermore, the porous membrane still possesses superbly consistent performance after being placed in air for 90 days or over 100 dropping-drying ethanol cycles test, indicating outstanding durability and reversibility. Significantly, the porous membrane has broad potential applications in medical dressings, providing a new strategy to fabricate next-generation bandages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Pei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Kai Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xinghao Song
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Pengyu Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Yin Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Saif Ullah Awan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, NUST College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed S G Khalil
- Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 179 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
- Environmental and Smart Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Xuan S, Yin H, Li G, Yang Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu S, Li X, Song Y, Wu T, Yin K. Femtosecond laser composite manufactured double-bionic micro-nano structure for efficient photothermal anti-icing/deicing. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3561-3572. [PMID: 38932603 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00500g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The solar anti-icing/deicing (SADI) strategy represents an environmentally friendly approach for removing ice efficiently. However, the extensive use of photothermal materials could negatively impact financial performance. Therefore, enhancing light utilization efficiency, especially by optimizing the design of a structure with a low content of photothermal materials, has rapidly become a focal point of research. Drawing inspiration from the antireflective micro-nano structure of compound eyes and the thermal insulating hollow structure of polar bear hair, we proposed a new strategy to design a bionic micro-nano hollow film (MNHF). The MNHF was created using a composite manufacturing process that combines femtosecond laser ablation with template transfer techniques. Both theoretical simulations and empirical tests have confirmed that this structure significantly improves photothermal conversion efficiency and thermal radiation capability. Compared to plane film, the photothermal conversion efficiency of MNHF is increased by 45.85%. Under 1.5 sun, the equilibrium temperature of MNHF can reach 73.8 °C. Moreover, even after 10 icing-deicing cycles, MNHF maintains an ultra-low ice adhesion strength of 1.8 ± 0.3 kPa. Additionally, the exceptional mechanical stability, chemical resistance, and self-cleaning capabilities of the MNHF make its practical application feasible. This innovative structure paves the way for designing cost-effective and robust surfaces for efficient photothermal anti-icing/deicing on airplane wings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Xuan
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Huan Yin
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Jiasong Liu
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Senyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/Deicing, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Yuegan Song
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Tingni Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nano photonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nano photonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
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Wang H, Cao P, Xu S, Cui G, Chen Z, Yin Q. Anti-icing performance of hydrophobic coatings on stainless steel surfaces. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32319. [PMID: 38912511 PMCID: PMC11190667 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to prevent ice accumulation on the surface of drilling tools by investigating the effectiveness of hydrophobic coatings, which is one of the most promising methods to solve drilling difficulties in warm ice. Herein, four types of hydrophobic organic coatings that can be used on metal surfaces were tested to evaluate their anti-icing performance, service durability, and friction properties. All of them possess rough surfaces with microstructure characteristics such as pores, stripes, or micropapillae. They also exhibit hydrophobicity, with water contact angles of 101.6°, 100.0°, 103.1°, and 108.5°. They can significantly prolong the required freezing time of water droplets on their surfaces, effectively reduce ice adhesion, and decrease the friction between ice and their surface. The ice adhesion in the axial, tensile, and tangential directions can be reduced by 65.64 %, 56.31 %, and 72.11 %, respectively, for the coating with silicon (Si)-based and fluorine (F)-containin compounds (coating-C) at -30 °C; while it can be reduced by 85.05 %, 73.9 %, and 94.2 %, respectively, for the coatings with Si-based and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) compounds (coating-D). The two coatings mentioned above lose their anti-icing performance after 20 icing and de-icing cycles, and their hydrophobicity after 120 abrasion cycles under a load of 6 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Pinlu Cao
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shaotao Xu
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guoqing Cui
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qilei Yin
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Chen R, Zhang H, Du Y, Ma H, Ma X, Ji J, Wang X, Xue M. Photothermal Conversion of the Oleophilic PVDF/Ti 3C 2T x Porous Foam Enables Non-Aqueous Liquid System Applicable Actuator. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309130. [PMID: 38247181 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Various physical and chemical reaction processes occur in non-aqueous liquid systems, particularly in oil phase systems. Therefore, achieving efficient, accurate, controllable, and cost-effective movement and transfer of substances in the oil phase is crucial. Liquid-phase photothermal actuators (LPAs) are commonly used for material transport in liquid-phase systems due to their remote operability and precise control. However, existing LPAs typically rely on materials like hydrogels and flexible polymers, commonly unsuitable for non-aqueous liquids. Herein, a 3D porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/Ti3C2Tx actuator is developed using a solvent displacement method. It demonstrates directional movement and controlled material transport in non-aqueous liquid systems. When subject to infrared light irradiation (2.0 W cm-2), the actuator achieves motion velocities of 7.3 and 6 mm s-1 vertically and horizontally, respectively. The actuator's controllable motion capability is primarily attributed to the foam's oil-wettable properties, 3D porous oil transport network, and the excellent photothermal conversion performance of Ti3C2Tx, facilitating thermal diffusion and the Marangoni effect. Apart from multidimensional directions, the actuator enables material delivery and obstacle avoidance by transporting and releasing target objects to a predetermined position. Hence, the developed controllable actuator offers a viable solution for effective motion control and material handling in non-aqueous liquid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Chen
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanrong Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Du
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinlei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Junhui Ji
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mianqi Xue
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Yan D, Yin K, He Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Deng Q, He J, Awan SU, Khalil ASG. Recent advances in functional micro/nanomaterials for removal of crude oil via thermal effects. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7341-7362. [PMID: 38511991 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Crude oil is one of the most widely used energy and industrial raw materials that is crucial to the world economy, and is used to produce various petroleum products. However, crude oil often spills during extraction, transportation and use, causing negative impacts on the environment. Thus, there is a high demand for products to remediate leaked crude oil. Among them, oleophilic and hydrophobic adsorbents can absorb crude oil through thermal effects and are research hotspots. In this review, we first present an overview of wettability theory, the heating principles of various thermal effects, and the theory of reducing crude oil viscosity by heating. Then we discuss adsorbents based on different heating methods including the photothermal effect, Joule heating effect, alternating magnetic field heating effect, and composite heating effect. Preparation methods and oil adsorption performance of adsorbents are summarized. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of various heating methods are briefly summarized, as well as the prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanhong Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Kai Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuchun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yao Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Qinwen Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Saif Ullah Awan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, NUST College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed S G Khalil
- Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 179 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
- Environmental and Smart Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Yang P, Yin K, Song X, Wang L, Deng Q, Pei J, He Y, Arnusch CJ. Airflow Triggered Water Film Self-Sculpturing on Femtosecond Laser-Induced Heterogeneously Wetted Micro/Nanostructured Surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3133-3141. [PMID: 38477056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Liquid manipulation is essential for daily life and modern industry, and it is widely used in various fields, including seawater desalination, microfluidic robots, and biomedical engineering. Nevertheless, the current research focuses on the manipulation of individual droplets. There are a few projects for water film management. Here, we proposed a facile method of wind-triggered water film self-sculpturing based on a heterogeneous wettability surface, which is achieved by the femtosecond laser direct writing technology and femtosecond laser deposition. Under the conditions of various airflow velocities and water film thicknesses, three distinct behaviors of the water film were analyzed. As a result, when the water film thickness is lower than 4.9 mm, the self-sculpture process will occur until the whole superhydrophobic surface dewetting. Four potential applications are demonstrated, including encryption, oil containers, reconfigurable patterning, and self-splitting devices. This work provides a new approach for manipulating a water film of fluid control engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinghao Song
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qinwen Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiaqing Pei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuchun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Christopher J Arnusch
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
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Li D, Li C, Zhang M, Xiao M, Li J, Yang Z, Fu Q, Wang P, Yu K, Pan Y. Advanced Fog Harvesting Method by Coupling Plasma and Micro/Nano Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10984-10995. [PMID: 38364209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Harvesting fog is a potential and effective way to alleviate the crisis of water resource shortage. A highly efficient and economical fog harvesting method has always been a global and common goal. Here, a promising fog harvesting method by coupling plasma and micro/nano materials is proposed, which can achieve 93% fog collection efficiency with consuming power of only 0.76 W/0.04 m2. The basic method is to utilize nanoparticles to decorate both the discharge electrode and the collecting electrode of the micro/nano electrostatic fog collector. For the discharge electrode, the nanoparticles can achieve an order of magnitude higher electric field strength and a 28.6% decrease in the operating voltage (14 kV decreases to 10 kV). For the collecting electrode, a novel composite structure of hydrophobic/hydrophilic (HB/HL) is proposed. The core advantage is the directional droplet transport at the junction of HB and HL caused by surface tension can adjust the accumulated droplets on the two sides, which avoids the droplet residue and mesh blockage in the general structure. This technology provides an innovative approach for the collection of microdroplets and a new design idea for the fog collector to deal with the water crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingchen Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chuan Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Menghan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qixiong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Digital Grid Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510670, China
| | - Kexun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Wang Z, Liu X, Guo Y, Tong B, Zhang G, Liu K, Jiao Y. Armored Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Excellent Drag Reduction in Complex Environmental Conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38335533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) have possibilities for achieving significantly reduced solid-liquid frictional drag in the marine sector due to their excellent water-repelling properties. Although the stability of SHSs plays a key role in drag reduction, little consideration was given to the effect of extreme environments on the ability of SHSs to achieve drag reduction underwater, particularly when subjected to acidic conditions. Here, we propose interconnected microstructures to protect superhydrophobic coatings with the aim of enhancing the stability of SHSs in extreme environments. The stability of armored SHSs (ASHSs) was demonstrated by the contact angle and bounce time of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces treated by various methods, resulting in an ASHS surface with excellent stability under extreme environmental conditions. Additionally, inspired by microstructures protecting superhydrophobic nanomaterials from frictional wear, the armored superhydrophobic spheres (ASSPs) were designed to explain from theoretical and experimental perspectives why ASSPs can achieve sustainable drag reduction and demonstrate that the ASSPs can achieve drag reduction of over 90.4% at a Reynolds number of 6.25 × 104 by conducting water entry experiments on spheres treated in various solutions. These studies promote a fundamental understanding of what drives the application of SHSs under extreme environmental conditions and provide practical strategies to maximize frictional drag reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yuhang Guo
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Baohong Tong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Guotao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yunlong Jiao
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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