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Xie S, Fu L, Ding Y, Wang Q, He C, Xu W, Wang Q, Zhong Y, Fan X, Yang M. Electrochemical C-H Mono-/Multi-Bromination Regulation of N-Sulfonylanilines on a Cost-Effective Carbon Fiber Electrode and Its Prospective Electroactive Molecule Screening. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6759-6769. [PMID: 38683949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-H mono/multi-bromination regulation of N-sulfonylanilines on the cost-effective CF electrode is described. This reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope, affording diverse mono/multi-brominated anilines in moderate to good yields. Mechanism study reveals that this transformation involves anodic oxidation, aromatic electrophilic substitution, and deprotonation. Preliminary electroactive molecule screening results in its prospective application in electroactive MBs for electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yechun Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chen He
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yingfang Zhong
- Academic Affairs Office, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaona Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Bone KI, Puleo TR, Bandar JS. Direct C-H Hydroxylation of N-Heteroarenes and Benzenes via Base-Catalyzed Halogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9755-9767. [PMID: 38530788 PMCID: PMC11006572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxylated (hetero)arenes are valued in many industries as both key constituents of end products and diversifiable synthetic building blocks. Accordingly, the development of reactions that complement and address the limitations of existing methods for the introduction of aromatic hydroxyl groups is an important goal. To this end, we apply base-catalyzed halogen transfer (X-transfer) to enable the direct C-H hydroxylation of mildly acidic N-heteroarenes and benzenes. This protocol employs an alkoxide base to catalyze X-transfer from sacrificial 2-halothiophene oxidants to aryl substrates, forming SNAr-active intermediates that undergo nucleophilic hydroxylation. Key to this process is the use of 2-phenylethanol as an inexpensive hydroxide surrogate that, after aromatic substitution and rapid elimination, provides the hydroxylated arene and styrene byproduct. Use of simple 2-halothiophenes allows for C-H hydroxylation of 6-membered N-heteroarenes and 1,3-azole derivatives, while a rationally designed 2-halobenzothiophene oxidant extends the scope to electron-deficient benzene substrates. Mechanistic studies indicate that aromatic X-transfer is reversible, suggesting that the deprotonation, halogenation, and substitution steps operate in synergy, manifesting in unique selectivity trends that are not necessarily dependent on the most acidic aryl position. The utility of this method is further demonstrated through streamlined target molecule syntheses, examples of regioselectivity that contrast alternative C-H hydroxylation methods, and the scalable recycling of the thiophene oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelyn I. Bone
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Thomas R. Puleo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Cui HL. Recent advances in oxidative chlorination. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1580-1601. [PMID: 38312070 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Considering the wide occurrence and extensive application of organic chlorides in many research fields, the development of easy, practical and green chlorination methodologies is much needed. In the oxidative chlorination strategy, active chlorinating species can be in situ formed by the interaction of easily accessible chlorides such as NaCl, HCl, KCl, CHCl3, etc. and suitable oxidants. Among the established chlorination approaches, this strategy is an attractive one as it features the use of readily available, cheap and safe inorganic or organic chlorides, good atom economy of chlorine, and multiple choices of oxidants. This review summarizes the representative methodologies in the field of oxidative chlorination, covering 2013 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
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Singh S, Shinde VN, Kumar S, Meena N, Bhuvanesh N, Rangan K, Kumar A, Joshi H. Mono and Dinuclear Palladium Pincer Complexes of NNSe Ligand as a Catalyst for Decarboxylative Direct C-H Heteroarylation of (Hetero)arenes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300628. [PMID: 37602812 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of a new NNSe pincer ligand and its mono- and dinuclear palladium(II) pincer complexes. In the absence of a base, a dinuclear palladium pincer complex (C1) was isolated, while in the presence of Et3 N base a mononuclear palladium pincer complex (C2) was obtained. The new ligand and complexes were characterized using techniques like 1 H, 13 C{1 H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible), and cyclic voltammetry. Both the complexes showed pincer coordination mode with a distorted square planar geometry. The complex C1 has two pincer ligands attached through a Pd-Pd bond in a dinuclear pincer fashion. The air and moisture-insensitive, thermally robust palladium pincer complexes were used as the catalyst for decarboxylative direct C-H heteroarylation of (hetero)arenes. Among the complexes, dinuclear pincer complex C1 showed better catalytic activity. A variety of (hetero)arenes were successfully activated (43-87 % yield) using only 2.5 mol % of catalyst loading under mild reaction conditions. The PPh3 and Hg poisoning experiments suggested a homogeneous nature of catalysis. A plausible reaction pathway was proposed for the dinuclear palladium pincer complex catalyzed decarboxylative C-H bond activation reaction of (hetero)arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohan Singh
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Vikki N Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Neha Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Hemant Joshi
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
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Li J, Liu C, Zhao Z, Wang X, Chen D, Yue K, Chen S, Jin M, Shan Y. Halogen cation-promoted and solvent-regulated electrophilic cyclization for the regioselective synthesis of 3-haloquinolines and 3-halospirocyclohexadienones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2440-2446. [PMID: 36876461 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the production of halogen cations through the reaction of halogens with silver ions is described in this paper. On this basis, the regioselective synthesis of 3-haloquinolines and 3-halospirocyclohexadienones is realized through solvent regulation. The gram-scale reaction and the compatibility of complex substrates demonstrate the synthetic potential of this protocol, which will be an appealing strategy in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Li
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Chengxiao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Zihan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Dianpeng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Kaiyuan Yue
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Sihan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Ming Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yingying Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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