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Lv A, Li G, Zhang P, Tao R, Li X, Ren X, Li P, Liu X, Yuan XA, Liu Z. Design and anticancer behaviour of cationic/neutral half-sandwich iridium(III) imidazole-phenanthroline/phenanthrene complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112612. [PMID: 38761579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been devoted to the exploration of organometallic iridium(III) (IrIII) complexes for their potential as metallic anticancer drugs. In this study, twelve half-sandwich IrIII imidazole-phenanthroline/phenanthrene complexes were prepared and characterized. Complexes exhibited promising in-vitro anti-proliferative activity, and some are obviously superior to cisplatin towards A549 cells. These complexes possessed suitable fluorescence, and a non-energy-dependent uptake pathway was identified, subsequently leading to their accumulation in the lysosome and the lysosomal damage. Additionally, complexes could inhibit the cell cycle (G1-phase) and catalyze intracellular NADH oxidation, thus substantiating the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which confirming the oxidative mechanism. Western blotting further confirmed that complexes could induce A549 cell apoptosis through the lysosomal-mitochondrial anticancer pathway, which was inconsistent with cisplatin. In summary, these complexes offer fresh concepts for the development of organometallic non‑platinum anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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Li XL, Wang MF, Zeng LZ, Li GK, Zhao RY, Liu FD, Li Y, Yan YF, Liu Q, Li Z, Zhang H, Ren X, Gao F. Bithiophene-Functionalized Infrared Two-Photon Absorption Metal Complexes as Single-Molecule Platforms for Synergistic Photodynamic, Photothermal, and Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402028. [PMID: 38656658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A planar conjugated ligand functionalized with bithiophene and its Ru(II), Os(II), and Ir(III) complexes have been constructed as single-molecule platform for synergistic photodynamic, photothermal, and chemotherapy. The complexes have significant two-photon absorption at 808 nm and remarkable singlet oxygen and superoxide anion production in aqueous solution and cells when exposed to 808 nm infrared irradiation. The most potent Ru(II) complex Ru7 enters tumor cells via the rare macropinocytosis, locates in both nuclei and mitochondria, and regulates DNA-related chemotherapeutic mechanisms intranuclearly including DNA topoisomerase and RNA polymerase inhibition and their synergistic effects with photoactivated apoptosis, ferroptosis and DNA cleavage. Ru7 exhibits high efficacy in vivo for malignant melanoma and cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer tumors, with a 100 % survival rate of mice, low toxicity to normal cells and low residual rate. Such an infrared two-photon activatable metal complex may contribute to a new generation of single-molecule-based integrated diagnosis and treatment platform to address drug resistance in clinical practice and phototherapy for large, deeply located solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Run-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Qishuai Liu
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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Liang CJ, Wu RC, Huang XQ, Qin QP, Liang H, Tan MX. Synthesis and anticancer mechanisms of four novel platinum(II) 4'-substituted-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2143-2152. [PMID: 38189098 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03197g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy, a selective autophagic process, has emerged as a pathway involved in degrading dysfunctional mitochondria. Herein, new platinum(II)-based chemotherapeutics with mitophagy-targeting properties are proposed. Four novel binuclear anticancer Pt(II) complexes with 4'-substituted-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine derivatives (tpy1-tpy4), i.e., [Pt2(tpy1)(DMSO)2Cl4]·CH3OH (tpy1Pt), [Pt(tpy2)Cl][Pt(DMSO)Cl3]·CH3COCH3 (tpy2Pt), [Pt(tpy3)Cl][Pt(DMSO)Cl3] (tpy3Pt), and [Pt(tpy4)Cl]Cl·CH3OH (tpy4Pt), were designed and prepared. Moreover, their potential antitumor mechanism was studied. Tpy1Pt-tpy4Pt exhibited more selective cytotoxicity against cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP (SKO3cisR) cancer cells compared with those against ovarian SK-OV-3 (SKO3) cancer cells and normal HL-7702 liver (H702) cells. This selective cytotoxicity of Tpy1Pt-tpy4Pt was better than that of its ligands (i.e., tpy1-tpy4), the clinical drug cisplatin, and cis-Pt(DMSO)2Cl2. The results of various experiments indicated that tpy1Pt and tpy2Pt kill SKO3cisR cancer cells via a mitophagy pathway, which involves the disruption of the mitophagy-related protein expression, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, elevation of the [Ca2+] and reactive oxygen species levels, promotion of mitochondrial DNA damage, and reduction in the adenosine triphosphate and mitochondrial respiratory chain levels. Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicated that the dinuclear anticancer Pt(II) coordination compound (tpy1Pt) has remarkable therapeutic efficiency (ca. 52.4%) and almost no toxicity. Therefore, the new 4'-substituted-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine Pt(II) coordination compound (tpy1Pt) is a potential candidate for next-generation mitophagy-targeting dinuclear Pt(II)-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jie Liang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Run-Chun Wu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Qiong Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
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Liu X, Lv A, Zhang P, Chang J, Dong R, Liu M, Liu J, Huang X, Yuan XA, Liu Z. The anticancer application of half-sandwich iridium(III) ferrocene-thiosemicarbazide Schiff base complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:552-563. [PMID: 38054240 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02879h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocenyl derivatives and organometallic iridium(III) complexes have been prospective substitutes for platinum-based anticancer drugs. Eight half-sandwich iridium(III) ferrocene-thiosemicarbazide (Fc-TSC) Schiff base anticancer complexes were prepared in this study. These complexes displayed a dimeric structure and exhibited a particular fluorescence due to the "enol" orientation of the TSC pro-ligand. An energy-dependent pathway of the uptake mechanism was ascertained, which ended in the lysosome and led to lysosome damage and apoptosis. Flow cytometry confirmed that the complexes could block the cell cycle (G1 phase) and improve the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, indicating an anticancer mechanism of oxidation. Then, a lysosomal-mitochondrial anticancer pathway was verified through western blotting. In vivo toxicity assays confirmed that these complexes showed better anti-migration ability and less toxicity in comparison to cisplatin. Thus, these complexes provide a new strategy for the design of non-platinum organometallic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Ao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Ruixiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Mengxian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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Hao Y, Li R, Pan W, Tian S, Min Y. Platinum Twin and Triplet Drugs Improve Chemoimmunotherapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12225-12236. [PMID: 37665669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Several chemoimmunotherapy regimens have been approved by the U.S. FDA, verifying the great clinical value and potential of the strategy. However, the immunomodulatory function of chemotherapy was insufficient, which did not provide extra overall survival benefits, especially in a head-to-head comparison of chemoimmunotherapy versus immunotherapy. Here, we engineered twin and triplet drugs derived from an immunogenic chemotherapeutic drug (oxaliplatin) and small-molecule inhibitors of negative immunoregulation pathways (COX2 and IDO) in tumors as an improved chemotherapeutic component within chemoimmunotherapy. The twin and triplet drugs exhibited significantly improved synergy with anti-PD-1 in a CT26 colorectal mouse tumor model. Mechanistic analyses revealed that the drug induced immunogenic cell death and restored tumor immune microenvironment toward tumor clearance in vivo, resulting in a great decrease in tumor-infiltrating Tregs and an increase in the CD8+ T/Treg ratio when combined with anti-PD-1. Our work expands the application of platinum twin drugs in combination with an immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7290, United States
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Gabano E, Gariboldi MB, Marras E, Barbato F, Ravera M. Platinum(IV) combo prodrugs containing cyclohexane-1 R,2 R-diamine, valproic acid, and perillic acid as a multiaction chemotherapeutic platform for colon cancer. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11349-11360. [PMID: 37530512 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The complex [PtCl2(cyclohexane-1R,2R-diamine)] has been combined in a Pt(IV) molecule with two different bioactive molecules (i.e., the histone deacetylase inhibitor 2-propylpentanoic acid or valproic acid, VPA, and the potential antimetastatic molecule 4-isopropenylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid or perillic acid, PA) in order to obtain a set of multiaction or multitarget antiproliferative agents. In addition to traditional thermal synthetic procedures, microwave-assisted heating was used to speed up their preparation. All Pt(IV) complexes showed antiproliferative activity on four human colon cancer cell lines (namely HCT116, HCT8, RKO and HT29) in the nanomolar range, considerably better than those of [PtCl2(cyclohexane-1R,2R-diamine)], VPA, PA, and the reference drug oxaliplatin. The synthesized complexes showed pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic effects and the ability to induce cell cycle alterations. Moreover, the downregulation of histone deacetylase activity, leading to an increase in histone H3 and H4 levels, and the antimigratory activity, indicated by the reduction of the levels of matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, demonstrated the multiaction nature of the complexes, which showed biological properties similar to or better than those of VPA and PA, but at lower concentrations, probably due to the lipophilicity of the combo molecule that increases the intracellular concentration of the single components (i.e., [PtCl2(cyclohexane-1R,2R-diamine)], VPA and PA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza Sant'Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Marzia Bruna Gariboldi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV), Università dell'Insubria, via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marras
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV), Università dell'Insubria, via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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