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Abbas A, Ahmad MS, Cheng YH, AlFaify S, Choi S, Irfan RM, Numan A, Khalid M. A comprehensive review on the enantiomeric separation of chiral drugs using metal-organic frameworks. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143083. [PMID: 39154761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Chiral drugs play an important role in modern medicine, but obtaining pure enantiomers from racemic mixtures can pose challenges. When a drug is chiral, only one enantiomer (eutomer) typically exhibits the desired pharmacological activity, while the other (distomer) may be biologically inactive or even toxic. Racemic drug formulations introduce additional health risks, as the body must still process the inactive or detrimental enantiomer. Some distomers have also been linked to teratogenic effects and unwanted side effects. Therefore, developing efficient and scalable methods for separating chiral drugs into their pure enantiomers is critically important for improving patient safety and outcomes. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show promise as novel materials for chiral separation due to their highly tunable structures and interactions. This review summarizes recent advancements in using MOFs for chromatographic and spectroscopic resolution of drug enantiomers. Both the opportunities and limitations of MOF-based separation techniques are discussed. A thorough understanding of these methods could aid the continued development of pure enantiomer formulations and help reduce health risks posed by racemic drug mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, 42200, Pakistan; Graphite Technology, No. 9 Sinosteel Avenue 313100 Changxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muhammad Sheraz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, 42200, Pakistan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsiang Cheng
- Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
| | - S AlFaify
- Advanced Functional Materials and Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soohoon Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | | | - Arshid Numan
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Applied Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
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Zhao HY, Xu Q, Liu GL, Pei YR, Jin LY. Chiral aggregates of rod-coil molecules inside nanopores as efficient nanoreactors for asymmetric synthesis. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03171g. [PMID: 39176247 PMCID: PMC11337096 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03171g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
An important subject of porous organic materials is their capacity to access enantioselectivity due to their high surface area, controllable pore size, and ease of functionalization. However, recyclability of enantio-separation is a challenge, mainly due to the complex procedures of recovery and refreshing from enantiomers. For the first time, we combined nanochannel technology and supramolecular chiral assembly to achieve efficient enantioselectivity. Fine-designed amphiphilic chiral rod-coil molecules 1-3 were immobilized to SBA-15 pore walls to form SA-M1-3 (abbreviation for amino-functionalized SBA-15 connected to molecules 1-3), which commenced chiral aggregation inside the channels. The experimental results indicated that the strong π-π stacking interaction between the rigid terphenyl groups, as well as hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction of the amphiphiles, assisted in chiral arrangement in aqueous solution, and was accompanied by amplification of chirality. As a result, porous chiral channels exhibiting enhanced efficiency in asymmetric synthesis were manufactured, where enantioselectivity can be controlled by the initial structural design of amphiphiles that induce chiral aggregation behaviors. The chiral centers of SA-M1 and SA-M2 are located on hydrophobic and hydrophilic coils, respectively, while SA-M3 possesses both chiral coils. The SA-M materials proceeded with chiral aggregation and behaved efficiently for enantioselectivity. SA-M3, which contained the most chiral centers, showed the most optimal enantioselectivity with an enantiomeric excess (ee) value up to 71.75%, which occurred because of the strongly driven chiral aggregation of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic chiral coils. The covalent hybrid structures of the SA-M materials can be easily refreshed simply through washing, and exhibited excellent recyclability with negligible loss of efficiency. Therefore, the SA-M materials have the ability to provide sustainable and reliable application value for enantiomer separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Lang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Rong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 People's Republic of China
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Ma J, Huang W, Huang X, Yang N, Gong J, Xie Z, Li G, Liao Q, Chen Y. Construction of dual-chiral covalent organic frameworks for enantioselective separation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1728:465014. [PMID: 38797135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Developing novel chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with versatility is of great importance in enantiomer separation. This study fabricated a dual-chiral covalent organic framework (PA-CA COF) via successive post-synthetic modifications. The chiral trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (CA) and (D)-penicillamine (PA) groups were periodically aligned within nanochannels of the COF, allowing selective recognition of enantiomers through intermolecular interactions. It can be a versatile high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) CSP for separating a wide range of enantiomers, including chiral pharmaceutical intermediates and chiral drugs. With separation performance comparable to commercial chiral columns and even greater versatility, the PA-CA COF@SiO2 column held promise for practical applications. Chiral separation results combined with molecular simulation indicated that the mixed mode of PA and CA resulted in the broad separation capability of PA-CA COF. The introduction of the dual-chiral COFs concept opens up a new avenue for chiral recognition and separation, holding great potential for practical enantiomer separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanqiong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Jaito N, Phetlum S, Saeoung T, Tiyasakulchai T, Srimongkolpithak N, Uengwetwanit T. Improving stereoselectivity of phosphotriesterase (PTE) for kinetic resolution of chiral phosphates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1446566. [PMID: 39139291 PMCID: PMC11319162 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific stereoisomer is paramount as it is vital for optimizing drug efficacy and safety. The quest for the isolation of desired stereoisomer of active pharmaceutical ingredients or key intermediates drives innovation in drug synthetic and biocatalytic methods. Chiral phosphoramidate is an important building block for the synthesis of antiviral drugs such as remdesivir and sofosbuvir. Given the clinical potency of the (Sp)-diastereomer of the drugs, an enzyme capable of completely hydrolyzing the (Rp)-diastereomer is needed to achieve the purified diastereomers via biocatalytic reaction. In this study, protein engineering of phosphotriesterase (PTE) was aimed to improve the specificity. Employing rational design and site-directed mutagenesis, we generated a small library comprising 24 variants for activity screening. Notably, W131M and I106A/W131M variants demonstrated successful preparation of pure (Sp)-diastereomer of remdesivir and sofosbuvir precursors within a remarkably short hydrolysis time (<20 min). Our work unveils a promising methodology for producing pure stereoisomeric compounds, utilizing novel biocatalysts to enable the chemoenzymatic synthesis of phosphoramidate nucleoside prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tanaporn Uengwetwanit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Thailand
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Su X, Sun J, Liu J, Wang Y, Wang J, Tang W, Gong J. Bifunctional Chiral Agent Enables One-pot Spontaneous Deracemization of Racemic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402886. [PMID: 38526333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel one-pot deracemization method using a bifunctional chiral agent (BCA) is proposed for the first time to convert a racemate to the desired enantiomer. Specifically, chiral α, (α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol) formed enantiospecific cocrystals with racemic dihydromyricetin, and used its own alkaline catalysis to catalyze the racemization between the (2R,3R)-enantiomer and (2S,3S)-enantiomer in solution, achieving a one-pot spontaneous deracemization. This strategy was also successfully extended to the deracemization of three other racemic compound drugs: (R,S)-carprofen, (R,S)-indoprofen, and (R,S)-indobufen. The one-pot deracemization method based on the BCA strategy provides a feasible approach to address the incompatibility between cocrystallization and racemization reactions that are commonly encountered in the cocrystallization-induced deracemization process and opens a new window to develop essential enantiomerically pure pharmaceutical products with atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- China Petroleum Planning and Engineering Institute (CPPEI), China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yaoguo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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Huang S, Shinohara KI, Teraguchi M, Kaneko T, Aoki T. Helix-Sense-Selective Permeation of Racemic Helical Oligoacetylenes through One-Handed Helical Channels in Polymer Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:627-631. [PMID: 38708870 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Helix-sense-selective permeation (HSSPerm) of racemic helical oligoacetylenes through one-handed helical channels has been realized. The one-handed helical channels were created in the one-handed helical polyacetylene membranes by the helix-sense-selective decomposition (HSS-SCAT) of the corresponding racemic helical polyacetylene membranes, followed by removing the formed oligomers. Since the HSS-SCAT reaction proceeds with just circularly polarized visible light with no reagents, no catalysts, no solvent, and high selectivity, the chiral channel-containing membrane with high purity was obtained easily. This membrane could separate racemic helical oligoacetylenes enantioselectively in up to 30%ee. To our knowledge, this is the first example of HSSPerm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Huang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-Ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Shinohara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahi-dai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masahiro Teraguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-Ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-Ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Toshiki Aoki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-Ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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Zhao HY, Liu GL, Xu Q, Pei YR, Jin LY. Chirality-induced supramolecular nanodishes: enantioselectivity and energy transfer. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1884-1891. [PMID: 38321960 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01747h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly is one of the most important issues of fabricating materials with precise chiral nanostructures. Herein, we constructed a chiral assembly system from amphiphiles containing hydrophobic/hydrophilic chiral coils bonded to hexabiphenyl, exhibiting controllable enantioselectivity over various aggregation behaviors. The chiral coils aroused various steric hindrances affecting intrinsic stacking tendency and compactness, leading to different aggregating behaviors, as concluded from the self-assembly investigation. The strong π-π stacking interaction between the long hexabiphenyl groups gave rise to a relatively compact arrangement in the aqueous solution, whereas the methyl side groups on the coil segments raised steric hindrance at the rigid-flexible interface, resulting in loose stacking and formation of nanostructures with a larger curvature. Compared with the achiral molecule 1 that formed micron-sized large sheets, molecules 2-4 containing chiral coils aggregated into nanodishes, which looked exactly like mosquito-repellent incense, to overcome surface tension. The helical structures effectively amplified chirality and exhibited strong circular dichroism (CD) signals, which indicate enantioselectivity. In addition, the relatively loose packing behavior permitted their co-assembly with a dye and aided efficient energy transfer, providing a foundation for the chiral application of supramolecules. Thus, by introducing a simple methyl side group in amphiphilic molecules, asymmetric synthesis and energy transfer efficiency can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gui-Lang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Rong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
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