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Liu C, Wang Z, Wang H, Jiang J. Recent advances in porous organic cages for energy applications. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc05309e. [PMID: 39483250 PMCID: PMC11523839 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc05309e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the energy and environmental crises have attracted more and more attention. It is very important to develop new materials and technologies for energy storage and conversion. In particular, it is crucial to develop carriers that store energy or promote mass and electron transport. Emerging porous organic cages (POCs) are very suitable for this purpose because they have inherent advantages including structural designability, porosity, multifunction and post-synthetic modification. POC-based materials, such as pristine POCs, POC composites and POC derivatives also exhibit excellent energy-related properties. This latest perspective provides an overview of the progress of POC-based materials in energy storage and conversion applications, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis (CO2RR, NO3RR, ORR, HER and OER), separation (gas separation and liquid separation), batteries (lithium-sulfur, lithium-ion and perovskite solar batteries) and proton conductivity, highlighting the unique advantages of POC-based materials in various forms. Finally, we summarize the current advances, challenges and further perspectives of POC-based materials in energy applications. This perspective will promote the design and synthesis of next-generation POC-based materials for energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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Yang W, Mo Q, He QT, Li XP, Xue Z, Lu YL, Chen J, Zheng K, Fan Y, Li G, Su CY. Anion Modulation of Ag-Imidazole Cuboctahedral Cage Microenvironments for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406564. [PMID: 38766872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
How to achieve CO2 electroreduction in high efficiency is a current challenge with the mechanism not well understood yet. The metal-organic cages with multiple metal sites, tunable active centers, and well-defined microenvironments may provide a promising catalyst model. Here, we report self-assembly of Ag4L4 type cuboctahedral cages from coordination dynamic Ag+ ion and triangular imidazolyl ligand 1,3,5-tris(1-benzylbenzimidazol-2-yl) benzene (Ag-MOC-X, X=NO3, ClO4, BF4) via anion template effect. Notably, Ag-MOC-NO3 achieves the highest CO faradaic efficiency in pH-universal electrolytes of 86.1 % (acidic), 94.1 % (neutral) and 95.3 % (alkaline), much higher than those of Ag-MOC-ClO4 and Ag-MOC-BF4 with just different counter anions. In situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy observes formation of vital intermediate *COOH for CO2-to-CO conversion. The density functional theory calculations suggest that the adsorption of CO2 on unsaturated Ag-site is stabilized by C-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen-bonding of CO2 in a microenvironment surrounded by three benzimidazole rings, and the activation of CO2 is dependent on the coordination dynamics of Ag-centers modulated by the hosted anions through Ag⋅⋅⋅X interactions. This work offers a supramolecular electrocatalytic strategy based on Ag-coordination geometry and host-guest interaction regulation of MOCs as high-efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to CO which is a key intermediate in chemical industry process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijie Mo
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Ting He
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Li
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqian Xue
- School of Advanced Energy, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Fan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangqin Li
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
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He H, Qiu ZY, Yin Z, Kong J, Dang JS, Lei H, Zhang W, Cao R. The meso-substituent electronic effect of Fe porphyrins on the electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5916-5919. [PMID: 38745555 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We report Fe porphyrins bearing different meso-substituents for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). By replacing two and four meso-phenyl groups of Fe tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP) with strong electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl groups, we synthesized FeF10TPP and FeF20TPP, respectively. We showed that FeTPP and FeF10TPP are active and selective for CO2-to-CO conversion in dimethylformamide with the former being more active, but FeF20TPP catalyzes hydrogen evolution rather than the CO2RR under the same conditions. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that with more electron-withdrawing meso-substituents, the Fe center becomes electron-deficient and it becomes difficult for it to bind a CO2 molecule in its formal Fe0 state. This work is significant to illustrate the electronic effects of catalysts on binding and activating CO2 molecules and provide fundamental knowledge for the design of new CO2RR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Zi-Yang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jiafan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jing-Shuang Dang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Li J, Wang J, Li H, Wen X, He C. Encapsulated Dye in Coordination-Assembled Octahedron for Visible-Light-Driven Proton Reduction and Nitroaromatic Hydrogenation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8237-8243. [PMID: 38639568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
To mimic the finely tuned natural photosynthetic systems, a large metal-organic octahedron was synthesized by one-pot self-assembly with modified triphenylamine ligands and redox-active cobalt ions. By encapsulating an organic dye, fluorescein (Fl), within the inner cavity of the octahedron, the host-guest supramolecular system was provided for light-driven hydrogen production. The intimate distance between the redox site and the photosensitizer in the supramolecular metal-organic cage allowed the photoinduced electrons to transfer from the excited state Fl* to the redox cobalt center in a pseudo-intramolecular pathway. The supramolecular system showed good performance in light-driven hydrogen production and the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds. Control experiments based on a mononuclear compound resembling a cobalt corner of the octahedron and inhibitor competition provided evidence of enzyme-like catalytic behavior. The supramolecular reaction pathways within confined spaces contribute to the superior activity of the host-guest system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P. R. China
| | - Hechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P. R. China
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Liu D, Ma H, Zhu C, Qiu F, Yu W, Ma LL, Wei XW, Han YF, Yuan G. Molecular Co-Catalyst Confined within a Metallacage for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2275-2285. [PMID: 38215226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The construction of structurally well-defined supramolecular hosts to accommodate catalytically active species within a cavity is a promising way to address catalyst deactivation. The resulting supramolecular catalysts can significantly improve the utilization of catalytic sites, thereby achieving a highly efficient chemical conversion. In this study, the Co-metalated phthalocyanine (Pc-Co) was successfully confined within a tetragonal prismatic metallacage, leading to the formation of a distinctive type of supramolecular photocatalyst (Pc-Co@Cage). The host-guest architecture of Pc-Co@Cage was unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), NMR, and ESI-TOF-MS, revealing that the single cobalt active site can be thoroughly isolated within the space-restricted microenvironment. In addition, we found that Pc-Co@Cage can serve as a homogeneous supramolecular photocatalyst that displays high CO2 to CO conversion in aqueous media under visible light irradiation. This supramolecular photocatalyst exhibits an obvious improvement in activity (TONCO = 4175) and selectivity (SelCO = 92%) relative to the nonconfined Pc-Co catalyst (TONCO = 500, SelCO = 54%). The present strategy provided a rare example for the construction of a highly active, selective, and stable photocatalyst for CO2 reduction through a cavity-confined molecular catalyst within a discrete metallacage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Huirong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Fengyi Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Wen Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Guozan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
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Silva GN, Faustino LA, Nascimento LL, Lopes OF, Patrocinio AOT. Visible light-driven CO2 photoreduction by a Re(I) complex immobilized onto CuO/Nb2O5 heterojunctions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:034701. [PMID: 38226823 DOI: 10.1063/5.0178945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The immobilization of Re(I) complexes onto metal oxide surfaces presents an elegant strategy to enhance their stability and reusability toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In this study, the photocatalytic performance of fac-[ClRe(CO)3(dcbH2)], where dcbH2 = 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine, anchored onto the surface of 1%m/m CuO/Nb2O5 was investigated. Following adsorption, the turnover number for CO production (TONCO) in DMF/TEOA increased significantly, from ten in solution to 370 under visible light irradiation, surpassing the TONCO observed for the complex onto pristine Nb2O5 or CuO surfaces. The CuO/Nb2O5 heterostructure allows for efficient electron injection by the Re(I) center, promoting efficient charge separation. At same time CuO clusters introduce a new absorption band above 550 nm that contributes for the photoreduction of the reaction intermediates, leading to a more efficient CO evolution and minimization of side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Silva
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Faustino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas L Nascimento
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Osmando F Lopes
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Otavio T Patrocinio
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, LAFOT-CM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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