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Ndlovu SP, Alven S, Hlalisa K, Aderibigbe BA. Cellulose Acetate-Based Wound Dressings Loaded with Bioactive Agents: Potential Scaffolds for Wound Dressing and Skin Regeneration. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1226-1240. [PMID: 37842887 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018262616231001191356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing and skin regeneration are major challenges in chronic wounds. Among the types of wound dressing products currently available in the market, each wound dressing material is designed for a specific wound type. Some of these products suffer from various shortcomings, such as poor antibacterial efficacy and mechanical performance, inability to provide a moist environment, poor permeability to oxygen and capability to induce cell migration and proliferation during the wound healing process. Hydrogels and nanofibers are widely reported wound dressings that have demonstrated promising capability to overcome these shortcomings. Cellulose acetate is a semisynthetic polymer that has attracted great attention in the fabrication of hydrogels and nanofibers. Loading bioactive agents such as antibiotics, essential oils, metallic nanoparticles, plant extracts, and honey into cellulose acetate-based nanofibers and hydrogels enhanced their biological effects, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound healing. This review reports cellulose acetate-based hydrogels and nanofibers loaded with bioactive agents for wound dressing and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindi P Ndlovu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso Alven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
| | - Kula Hlalisa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
| | - Blessing A Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
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Gan N, Fang Y, Weng W, Jiao T, Yu W. Antibacterial effects and microarray-based molecular mechanisms of trans-cinnamaldehyde against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23048. [PMID: 38144276 PMCID: PMC10746420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is one of the keystone pathogenic bacteria of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects and molecular mechanisms of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), a safe extract from natural plants, on P. gingivalis. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) of TC were determined, and scanning and transmission electron microscopies were used to assess the morphological changes. The overall biomass was estimated, and the metabolic activity of biofilms was determined at different TC concentrations. A microarray-based bioinformatics analysis was performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of TC-inhibited P. gingivalis, and significant differences among groups were determined. TC showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and survival of planktonic P. gingivalis, of which the MIC and MBC were 39.07 μg/mL and 78.13 μg/mL, respectively. TC also significantly suppressed the formation and metabolic activity of P. gingivalis biofilm. The results of the significant pathways and gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed that TC treatment inhibited two metabolic pathways, accompanied by the downregulation of relative genes of nitrogen metabolism (NrfA, NrfH, and PG_2213) and starch and sucrose metabolism (PG_1681, PG_1682, and PG_1683). Thus, this study confirmed TC to be a natural antimicrobial agent against P. gingivalis and further demonstrated that TC suppressed the microbial activity on P. gingivalis through the disruption of physiological metabolism, which might inhibit the growth and the biofilm formation of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yingjing Fang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weimin Weng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ting Jiao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Fengcheng Hospital of Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201411, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
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