A MXene@AgAu@PDA nanoplatform loaded with AgAu nanocages for enhancing catalytic activity and antibacterial performance

Research Progress on Ti3C2Tx-Based Composite Materials in Antibacterial Field

The integration of two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and other materials offers broader application options in the antibacterial field. Ti3C2Tx-based composites demonstrate synergistic physical, chemical, and photodynamic antibacterial activity. In this review, we aim to explore the potential of Ti3C2Tx-based composites in the fabrication of an antibiotic-free antibacterial agent with a focus on their systematic classification, manufacturing technology, and application potential. We investigate various components of Ti3C2Tx-based composites, such as metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, organic frameworks, photosensitizers, etc. We also summarize the fabrication techniques used for preparing Ti3C2Tx-based composites, including solution mixing, chemical synthesis, layer-by-layer self-assembly, electrostatic assembly, and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The most recent developments in antibacterial application are also thoroughly discussed, with special attention to the medical, water treatment, food preservation, flexible textile, and industrial sectors. Ultimately, the future directions and opportunities are delineated, underscoring the focus of further research, such as elucidating microscopic mechanisms, achieving a balance between biocompatibility and antibacterial efficiency, and investigating effective, eco-friendly synthesis techniques combined with intelligent technology. A survey of the literature provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art developments in Ti3C2Tx-based composites and their potential applications in various fields. This comprehensive review covers the variety, preparation methods, and applications of Ti3C2Tx-based composites, drawing upon a total of 171 English-language references. Notably, 155 of these references are from the past five years, indicating significant recent progress and interest in this research area.

MXene: A wonderful nanomaterial in antibacterial

Increasing bacterial infections and growing resistance to available drugs pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. Although antibiotics are crucial in fighting bacterial infections, their excessive use not only weakens our immune system but also contributes to bacterial resistance. These negative effects have caused doctors to be troubled by the clinical application of antibiotics. Facing this challenge, it is urgent to explore a new antibacterial strategy. MXene has been extensively reported in tumor therapy and biosensors due to its wonderful performance. Due to its large specific surface area, remarkable chemical stability, hydrophilicity, wide interlayer spacing, and excellent adsorption and reduction ability, it has shown wonderful potential for biopharmaceutical applications. However, there are few antimicrobial evaluations on MXene. The current antimicrobial mechanisms of MXene mainly include physical damage, induced oxidative stress, and photothermal and photodynamic therapy. In this paper, we reviewed MXene-based antimicrobial composites and discussed the application of MXene in bacterial infections to guide further research in the antimicrobial field.