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Bruggeman PJ, Frontiera RR, Kortshagen U, Kushner MJ, Linic S, Schatz GC, Andaraarachchi H, Chaudhuri S, Chen HT, Clay CD, Dias TC, Doyle S, Jones LO, Meyer M, Mueller CM, Nam JH, Raisanen A, Rich CC, Srivastava T, Xu C, Xu D, Zhang Y. Advances in plasma-driven solution electrochemistry. J Chem Phys 2025; 162:071001. [PMID: 39968819 DOI: 10.1063/5.0248579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Energetic species produced by gas-phase plasmas that impinge on a liquid surface can initiate physicochemical processes at the gas/liquid interface and in the liquid phase. The interaction of these energetic species with the liquid phase can initiate chemical reaction pathways referred to as plasma-driven solution electrochemistry (PDSE). There are several processing opportunities and challenges presented by PDSE. These include the potential use of PDSE to activate chemical pathways that are difficult to activate with other approaches as well as the use of renewable electricity to generate plasmas that could make these liquid-phase chemical conversion processes more sustainable and environmentally friendly. In this review, we focus on PDSE as an approach for controlled and selective chemical conversion including the synthesis of nanoparticles and polymers with desired but currently uncontrollable or unattainable properties as the next step in the use of PDSE. The underpinning redox chemistry and transport processes of PDSE are reviewed as many PDSE-driven processes are transport-limited due to the many short-lived highly reactive species involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bruggeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Uwe Kortshagen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Mark J Kushner
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA
| | - Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Himashi Andaraarachchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Subhajyoti Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Han-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Collin D Clay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Tiago C Dias
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA
| | - Scott Doyle
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Mackenzie Meyer
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA
| | - Chelsea M Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jae Hyun Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Astrid Raisanen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA
| | - Christopher C Rich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Tanubhav Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Dongxuan Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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