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Zhang Z, Kitada A, Gao S, Fukami K, Tsuji N, Yao Z, Murase K. A Concentrated AlCl 3-Diglyme Electrolyte for Hard and Corrosion-Resistant Aluminum Electrodeposits. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43289-43298. [PMID: 32870640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A concentrated aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-diglyme (G2) electrolyte is used to prepare hard and corrosion-resistant aluminum (Al) electrodeposited films. The Al electrodeposits obtained from the electrolyte with an AlCl3/G2 molar ratio x = 0.4 showed a void-free microstructure composed of spherical particles, in stark contrast to flake-like morphologies with micro-voids for lower x. Neutral complexes rarely exist in the x = 0.4 electrolyte, resulting in a relatively high conductivity despite the high concentration and high viscosity. Nanoindentation measurements for the Al deposits with >99% purity revealed that the nanohardness was 2.86 GPa, three times higher than that for Al materials produced through electrodeposition from a well-known ionic liquid bath or through severe plastic deformation. Additionally, the void-free Al deposits had a <100> preferential crystal orientation, which accounted for better resistance to free corrosion and pitting corrosion. Discussions about the compact microstructure and <100> crystal orientation of deposits obtained only from the x = 0.4 concentrated electrolyte are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Atsushi Kitada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fukami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsuji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Zhengjun Yao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Kuniaki Murase
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Catalytic microreactor with electrodeposited hierarchically nanostructured nickel coatings for gas-phase fluorination reactions. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nevers A, Hallez L, Touyeras F, Hihn JY. Effect of ultrasound on silver electrodeposition: Crystalline structure modification. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:60-71. [PMID: 28325652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An attractive possibility for influencing microstructures of electrodeposited coatings, and therefore their properties such as hardness, brightness etc. resides in the use of ultrasound. This method is particularly competitive as it may result in a reduction of chemical use, or even in the complete suppression of chemicals. This paper deals with silver coatings depending strongly on current density, with two main categories identified by X-ray diffraction: one poorly structured and the other following the [110] orientation. It is interesting to note that, while changing from still to mechanically stirred conditions, the value of the current density threshold moves from 2.5mAcm-2 to 5mAcm-2. When ultrasound is used (575kHz or 20kHz), this coating microstructure modification threshold occurs at higher current density values when coatings are produced under sonication, while agitation is kept constant. In both cases, the shift is about 15mAcm-2. It is noteworthy that silver electrodeposits elaborated under 20kHz ultrasound conditions appear to be less oriented than those obtained under high frequency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Nevers
- Institut UTINAM - UMR 6213 CNRS, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Loïc Hallez
- Institut UTINAM - UMR 6213 CNRS, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Francis Touyeras
- Institut UTINAM - UMR 6213 CNRS, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Jean-Yves Hihn
- Institut UTINAM - UMR 6213 CNRS, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France
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Crichton WA, McGeough JA, Thomson JR. Effects of Cathode-Mandrel Surface Irregularities on the Mechanical Properties and Structure of Electroformed Iron Foil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1243/jmes_jour_1980_022_014_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron foil, of thicknesses between 003 and 0.15 mm has been electroformed at a current density of 30 A/dm2 and an electrolyte temperature of 100°C upon cathodes of surface roughness ranging from 0.04 to 4.4 μm Ra. The surface roughnesses of the face of the foil formed adjacent to the cathode, and of that electrode, are similar. The roughness of the reverse anodic face increases with increasing foil thickness, due to the increase in size of the crystal growth sites. The hardness of the cathodic face of the foil is unaffected by either cathode surface roughness or foil thickness. The hardness of the anodic face increases with both increasing cathode surface roughness and decreasing foil thickness, due to corresponding changes in grain size. A slight net decrease in tensile properties with increasing cathode surface roughness is attributed to the greater amount of stress concentration borne by the rougher foils. Young's modulus for the foil is not affected by cathode surface roughness. The electroforming of foil upon a mandrel surface carrying an isolated V-shaped scratch, 0.14 mm deep and 0.28 mm wide, has also been studied by numerical and experimental methods. The cathodic surface of foil is found to adopt the shape of the scratch whilst its upper side becomes level. The effect upon the geometric configuration of the foil depends upon the relationship between current efficiency and current density for the electrolyte, and on the polarisation (overpotential) characteristics at the mandrel surface.
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Murbach HP, Wilman H. The Origin of Stress in Metal Layers Condensed from the Vapour in High Vacuum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0370-1301/66/11/301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wilman H. The Temperatures attained at the Surfaces of Growing Deposits, and the Origin of Stress in Deposits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0370-1301/68/7/110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Goddard J, Wright JG. The effect of solution pH and applied magnetic field on the electrodeposition of thin single-crystal films of cobalt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/15/7/305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Surnev S, Tomov I. X-ray diffraction and thermal wave analysis of primary recrystallization in electrodeposited copper layers at room temperature. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01077550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hepel M, Bruckenstein S. Tracking anion expulsion during underpotential deposition of lead at silver using the quartz microbalance. Electrochim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(89)87032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Amblard J, Froment M, Maurin G, Spyrellis N, Trevisan-Souteyrand E. Nickel electrocrystallization—from nucleation to textures. Electrochim Acta 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(83)85166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cavallotti P, Caironi G. Crystal growth of chemically reduced H.C.P. cobalt on F.C.C. single crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(78)90062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Amblard J, Froment M, Spyrellis N. Origine des textures dans les depots electrolytiques de nickel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(77)90047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Itoh S, Yamazoe N, Seiyama T. Electrocrystallization of various metals onto copper single crystal substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(77)90038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Influence of current density and temperature on the morphology and preferred orientation of electrodeposited copper coatings. Electrochim Acta 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(72)80020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sheshadri B, Setty T. Electrocrystallization of zinc on (111), (100) and (110) faces of copper. Electrochim Acta 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(72)85081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Growth and structure of single-crystal electrodeposits of copper; a systematic electron-diffraction study. Electrochim Acta 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(72)85024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Piatti R, Arvía A, Podestá J. The electrochemical kinetic behaviour of nickel in acid aqueous solutions containing chloride and perchlorate ions. Electrochim Acta 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(69)87040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Menzies I, White B. The electrodeposition of cadmium from non-aqueous solutions—III. Deposition from CdI2-(CnH2n+1)4NI-dimethylformamide systems. Electrochim Acta 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(69)80017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Preferred orientation and morphology of twinned crystals by electrocrystallization of silver. Electrochim Acta 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(68)80148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Electronographic investigation of the degree of preferred orientation of nickel electrodeposits. Electrochim Acta 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(66)80087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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BANERJEE BC, WALKER PL. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure of Oriented Nickel Electrodeposits. Nature 1965. [DOI: 10.1038/206816b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Minc S, Feldblum Z. Einfluss oberflächenaktiver substanzen auf die kontaktpotentiale der elektrolytisch abgeschiedenen kadmiumüberzüge. Electrochim Acta 1960. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(60)87009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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