Kinetic study of o-nitrotoluene nitration in a homogeneously continuous microflow

Determination of nitration kinetics of o-nitrotoluene with a homogeneously continuous microflow system.

New Modeling of Nitric Acid Dissociation Function of Acidity and Temperature

Nitric acid is widely used for many applications. However, because of the large number of nitrogen species and the fact that for concentrations greater than 10^-2 mol·L^-1, its dissociation is incomplete in an aqueous medium, nitric media are very complex to describe especially in temperature. Using data from the literature and some nitrous acid analyses, it was possible to determine the balance sheet of all different aqueous nitrogen species for a total nitric acidity ranging from 1.5 to 8.5 mol·L^-1 and for temperature ranging from 50 to 95 °C with the assumption that the use of a refrigerant column makes gaseous species negligible. For this, it was necessary to determine the ionic, molecular, and solvent activity coefficients and then solve an eight equation system with nine unknowns by determining one unknown experimentally.

Chemical and spectral behavior of nitric acid in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions: Absorption spectrum and molar absorption coefficient of nitronium ion

The chemical species formed from nitric acid in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid (up to 18.0molL^-1) were studied by optical spectroscopy method. The concentration region of nitronium ion formation was identified and NO₂⁺ ion absorption spectrum was measured (λ_max≤190nm and ε₁₉₀=1040±50mol^-1Lcm^-1).

Glucose-Reduced Graphene Oxide with Excellent Biocompatibility and Photothermal Efficiency as well as Drug Loading

In the present work, we report a facile and rapid green strategy to fabricate functionalized reduced nano-graphene oxide (nrGO) as a cooperative nanotemplate for both photothermal therapy and drug loading. Graphite oxide was firstly oxidated by nitronium ions (NO2 (+)) solution at the aid of microwave heating to obtain nano-GO (nGO) with about 50 nm of diameter, and the nGO was then reduced in pure glucose at 135 °C for 30 min to obtain nrGO with about 40 nm of diameter. The nrGO exhibits excellent biocompatibility including stable dispersibility in cell culture medium and rapid cellular uptake as well as non-cytotoxicity up to 100 μg/mL. Absorption of the nrGO at 808 nm wavelength increased more than 10-folds compared with nGO. Moreover, the nrGO has the ability to load about 317 % (w/w) of doxorubicin (DOX), and the loaded DOX could be effectively released by acid condition and/or glutathione (GSH) and/or heating. Finally, a greater cancer cell death efficacy was observed in nrGO/DOX-treated cells with GSH and heating stimulation respectively or their combination. Collectively, the nrGO developed here is an outstanding cooperative nano-platform for high-efficiency photothermal therapy and controllable drug delivery.