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Wang X, Bürgi T. Observation of Carbonic Acid Formation from Interaction between Carbon Dioxide and Ice by Using In Situ Modulation Excitation IR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7860-7865. [PMID: 33393709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic acid, H2 CO3 , is of fundamental importance in nature both in living and non-living systems. Providing direct spectroscopic evidence for carbonic acid formation is however a challenge. Here we provide clear evidence by in situ attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy combined with modulation excitation spectroscopy and phase-sensitive detection that CO2 adsorption on ice surfaces is accompanied by carbonic acid formation. We demonstrate that carbonic acid can be formed from CO2 on ice in the absence of high-energy irradiation and without protonation by strong acids. The formation of carbonic acid is favored at low temperature, whereas at high temperature it rapidly dissociates to form bicarbonate (HCO3 - ) and carbonate (CO3 2- ). The direct formation of carbonic acid from adsorption of CO2 on ice could play a role in the upper troposphere in cirrus clouds, where all the necessary ingredients to form carbonic acid, that is, low temperature, CO2 gas, and ice, are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Wang
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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2
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Wang X, Bürgi T. Observation of Carbonic Acid Formation from Interaction between Carbon Dioxide and Ice by Using In Situ Modulation Excitation IR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Wang
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Geneva 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Geneva 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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3
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Huynh HN, McNeill VF. Heterogeneous Chemistry of CaCO 3 Aerosols with HNO 3 and HCl. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3886-3895. [PMID: 32324406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcite (CaCO3) aerosols often serve as an idealized proxy for calcium-rich mineral dust. Their use has also previously been proposed for stratospheric solar radiation management (SSRM). Little is known about the heterogeneous chemistry of calcite aerosols with trace gases HNO3 and HCl and therefore their potential impact on stratospheric ozone (O3). Here we report the results of an experimental study of the uptake of HNO3 and HCl onto submicron CaCO3 particles in two different flow reactors. Products and reaction kinetics were observed by impacting aerosolized CaCO3 onto ZnSe windows, exposing them to the reagent gases at a wide range of concentrations, at 296 K and under dry conditions, and analyzing the particles before and after trace gas exposure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A Ca(OH)(HCO3) termination layer was detected in the form of a HCO3- peak in the FTIR spectra, indicating a hydrated surface even under dry conditions. The results demonstrate the reaction of HNO3 with Ca(OH)(HCO3) to produce Ca(NO3)2, water, and CO2. HCl reacted with Ca(OH)(HCO3) to produce CaCl2 and also water and CO2. The depletion of the Ca(OH)(HCO3)/Ca(CO3) signal due to reaction with HNO3 or HCl followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. From the FTIR analysis, the reactive uptake coefficient for HNO3 was determined to be in the range of 0.013 ≤ γHNO3 ≤ 0.14, and that for HCl was 0.0011 ≤ γHCl ≤ 0.012 within the reported uncertainty. The reaction of HCl with airborne CaCO3 aerosols was also studied in an aerosol flow tube coupled with a quadrupole chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) under similar conditions to the FTIR study, and γHCl was determined to be 0.013 ± 0.001. Following previous modeling studies, these results suggest that the reactions of HCl and HNO3 with calcite in the stratosphere could ameliorate the potential for stratospheric solar radiation management to lead to stratospheric ozone depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han N Huynh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - V Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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4
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Köck EM, Bernard J, Podewitz M, Dinu DF, Huber RG, Liedl KR, Grothe H, Bertel E, Schlögl R, Loerting T. Alpha-Carbonic Acid Revisited: Carbonic Acid Monomethyl Ester as a Solid and its Conformational Isomerism in the Gas Phase. Chemistry 2020; 26:285-305. [PMID: 31593601 PMCID: PMC6972543 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, earlier studies reporting α‐H2CO3 are revised. The cryo‐technique pioneered by Hage, Hallbrucker, and Mayer (HHM) is adapted to supposedly prepare carbonic acid from KHCO3. In methanolic solution, methylation of the salt is found, which upon acidification transforms to the monomethyl ester of carbonic acid (CAME, HO‐CO‐OCH3). Infrared spectroscopy data both of the solid at 210 K and of the evaporated molecules trapped and isolated in argon matrix at 10 K are presented. The interpretation of the observed bands on the basis of carbonic acid [as suggested originally by HHM in their publications from 1993–1997 and taken over by Winkel et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007 and Bernard et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011] is inferior compared with the interpretation on the basis of CAME. The assignment relies on isotope substitution experiments, including deuteration of the OH‐ and CH3‐ groups as well as 12C and 13C isotope exchange and on variation of the solvents in both preparation steps. The interpretation of the single molecule spectroscopy experiments is aided by a comprehensive calculation of high‐level ab initio frequencies for gas‐phase molecules and clusters in the harmonic approximation. This analysis provides evidence for the existence of not only single CAME molecules but also CAME dimers and water complexes in the argon matrix. Furthermore, different conformational CAME isomers are identified, where conformational isomerism is triggered in experiments through UV irradiation. In contrast to earlier studies, this analysis allows explanation of almost every single band of the complex spectra in the range between 4000 and 600 cm−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Köck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dennis F Dinu
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland G Huber
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hinrich Grothe
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/165, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erminald Bertel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Bernard J, Köck EM, Huber RG, Liedl KR, Call L, Schlögl R, Grothe H, Loerting T. Carbonic acid monoethyl ester as a pure solid and its conformational isomerism in the gas-phase. RSC Adv 2017; 7:22222-22233. [PMID: 28603608 PMCID: PMC5450006 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoesters of carbonic acid are deemed to be unstable and decompose to alcohol and carbon dioxide. In spite of this, we here report the isolation of the elusive carbonic acid monoethyl ester (CAEE) as a pure solid from ethanolic solutions of potassium bicarbonate. The hemiester is surprisingly stable in acidic solution and does not experience hydrolysis to carbonic acid. Furthermore, it is also stable in the gas phase, which we demonstrate by subliming the hemiester without decomposition. This could not be achieved in the past for any hemiester of carbonic acid. In the gas phase the hemiester experiences conformational isomerism at 210 K. Interestingly, the thermodynamically favored conformation is only reached for the torsional movement of the terminal ethyl group, but not the terminal hydrogen atom on the millisecond time scale. Accordingly, IR spectra of the gas phase trapped in an argon matrix are best explained on the basis of a 5 : 1 mixture of monomeric conformers. Our findings necessitate reevaluation of claims of the formation of a carbonic acid polymorph in methanolic solution, which is the subject of a forthcoming publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bernard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. .,Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Köck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. .,Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Roland G Huber
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludwig Call
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hinrich Grothe
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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6
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Wang H, Zeuschner J, Eremets M, Troyan I, Willams J. Stable solid and aqueous H2CO3 from CO2 and H2O at high pressure and high temperature. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19902. [PMID: 26813580 PMCID: PMC4728613 DOI: 10.1038/srep19902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic acid (H2CO3) forms in small amounts when CO2 dissolves in H2O, yet decomposes rapidly under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Despite its fleeting existence, H2CO3 plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and in biological carbonate-containing systems. The short lifetime in water and presumed low concentration under all terrestrial conditions has stifled study of this fundamental species. Here, we have examined CO2/H2O mixtures under conditions of high pressure and high temperature to explore the potential for reaction to H2CO3 inside celestial bodies. We present a novel method to prepare solid H2CO3 by heating CO2/H2O mixtures at high pressure with a CO2 laser. Furthermore, we found that, contrary to present understanding, neutral H2CO3 is a significant component in aqueous CO2 solutions above 2.4 GPa and 110 °C as identified by IR-absorption and Raman spectroscopy. This is highly significant for speciation of deep C–O–H fluids with potential consequences for fluid-carbonate-bearing rock interactions. As conditions inside subduction zones on Earth appear to be most favorable for production of aqueous H2CO3, a role in subduction related phenomena is inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Janek Zeuschner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mikhail Eremets
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Troyan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Jonathan Willams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Reisenauer HP, Wagner JP, Schreiner PR. Gas-Phase Preparation of Carbonic Acid and Its Monomethyl Ester. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11766-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Reisenauer HP, Wagner JP, Schreiner PR. Gas-Phase Preparation of Carbonic Acid and Its Monomethyl Ester. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Reddy SK, Balasubramanian S. Carbonic acid: molecule, crystal and aqueous solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:503-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Bernard J, Seidl M, Mayer E, Loerting T. Formation and stability of bulk carbonic acid (H2CO3) by protonation of tropospheric calcite. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:3087-91. [PMID: 22707186 PMCID: PMC3482932 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Bernard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Reddy SK, Kulkarni CH, Balasubramanian S. Vibrational Spectra of Linear Oligomers of Carbonic Acid: A Quantum Chemical Study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1638-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209715x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K. Reddy
- Chemistry and Physics
of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Chidambar H. Kulkarni
- Chemistry and Physics
of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics
of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India
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12
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Sattler W, Parkin G. Structural characterization of zinc bicarbonate compounds relevant to the mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20167d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Reddy SK, Kulkarni CH, Balasubramanian S. Theoretical investigations of candidate crystal structures for β-carbonic acid. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:124511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3567307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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14
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Bernard J, Seidl M, Kohl I, Liedl KR, Mayer E, Gálvez Ó, Grothe H, Loerting T. Spektroskopische Beobachtung von matrixisolierter Kohlensäure, abgeschieden aus der Gasphase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Bernard J, Seidl M, Kohl I, Liedl KR, Mayer E, Gálvez Ó, Grothe H, Loerting T. Spectroscopic Observation of Matrix-Isolated Carbonic Acid Trapped from the Gas Phase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:1939-43. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Murillo J, David J, Restrepo A. Insights into the structure and stability of the carbonic acid dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10963-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c003520c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Adamczyk K, Prémont-Schwarz M, Pines D, Pines E, Nibbering ETJ. Real-time observation of carbonic acid formation in aqueous solution. Science 2009; 326:1690-4. [PMID: 19965381 DOI: 10.1126/science.1180060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread importance of aqueous bicarbonate chemistry, its conjugate acid, carbonic acid, has remained uncharacterized in solution. Here we report the generation of deuterated carbonic acid in deuterium oxide solution by ultrafast protonation of bicarbonate and its persistence for nanoseconds. We follow the reaction dynamics upon photoexcitation of a photoacid by monitoring infrared-active marker modes with femtosecond time resolution. By fitting a kinetic model to the experimental data, we directly obtain the on-contact proton-transfer rate to bicarbonate, previously inaccessible with the use of indirect methods. A Marcus free-energy correlation supports an associated pKa (Ka is the acid dissociation constant) of 3.45 +/- 0.15, which is substantially lower than the value of 6.35 that is commonly assumed on the basis of the overall carbon dioxide-to-bicarbonate equilibrium. This result should spur further exploration of acid-base reactivity in carbon dioxide-rich aqueous environments such as those anticipated under sequestration schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Adamczyk
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max Born Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Tossell JA. H2CO3(s): a new candidate for CO2 capture and sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:2575-2580. [PMID: 19452919 DOI: 10.1021/es802393s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the magnitude of anthropogenic global warming it is necessary to remove CO2(g) from the effluent streams of coal-fired power plants and to sequester the CO2 either as a liquid or by reaction with other compounds. A major difficulty in achieving this goal arises from the very weak acidity of CO2(g), causing it to react only incompletely with weak bases, although this weak interaction does provide a means for "stripping" the CO2 from the acid-base complex at high temperatures. Reaction with strong bases like Na0H yields more stable complexes, but massive amounts of chemical reactants would need to be purchased and chemical products like NaHCO3 then stored. However, when gas-phase CO2 reacts with the weak base water (or when bicarbonate reacts with strong acid) the unstable product monomeric "H2CO3" can be formed. The free energy required is about 16 kcal/mol in the gas phase and about 10 kcal/mol in aqueous solution. This energy can be supplied by particle or photon excitation and is only a small fraction ofthe energy released when a mole of CH4 is converted to a mole of CO2. Although this monomeric compound is highly unstable, its oligomers are considerably more stable, due to internal H-bonding, with free energies for the larger oligomers in the gas phase which are about 4 kcal/(mol of H2CO3) lower, only about 6 kcal/mol H2CO3 higher than the gas-phase combination of CO2 and H2O at room temperature. Also, at lower temperature the entropic penalty for the oligomer is less and oligomeric H2CO3 becomes stable around the sublimation temperature of dry ice. This indicates that it may be possible to capture gas-phase CO2 directly, using only cheap and abundant H2O as a reactant, and to store the resulting (H2CO3)n as a oligomeric solid at only moderately cold temperatures. These conclusions are based on quantum computations that accurately reproduce the structures, spectra, and stabilities of H2CO3 oligomers. Methods for producing and characterizing the H2CO3 oligomers are discussed. However, some aspects of the proposed scheme are quite speculative and will require additional investigation. Several important questions need to be answered before the feasibility of this procedure on a planetary scale can be assessed, particularly those involving the vapor pressure curve, heat of sublimation, density, and compressibility of (H2CO3)n.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Tossell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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Kohl I, Winkel K, Bauer M, Liedl K, Loerting T, Mayer E. Raman-spektroskopische Studie der Phasenumwandlung von amorpher in kristalline β-Kohlensäure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Kohl I, Winkel K, Bauer M, Liedl K, Loerting T, Mayer E. Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Phase Transition of Amorphous to Crystalline β-Carbonic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:2690-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Kumar PP, Kalinichev AG, Kirkpatrick RJ. Hydrogen-Bonding Structure and Dynamics of Aqueous Carbonate Species from Car−Parrinello Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2008; 113:794-802. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809069g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Padma Kumar
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Andrey G. Kalinichev
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - R. James Kirkpatrick
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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23
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Winkel K, Hage W, Loerting T, Price SL, Mayer E. Carbonic Acid: From Polyamorphism to Polymorphism. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13863-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja073594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Winkel
- Contribution from the Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and from the Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Wolfgang Hage
- Contribution from the Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and from the Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Contribution from the Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and from the Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Contribution from the Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and from the Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Erwin Mayer
- Contribution from the Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and from the Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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24
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Kohl I, Bachmann L, Hallbrucker A, Mayer E, Loerting T. Liquid-like relaxation in hyperquenched water at ≤140 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3210-20. [PMID: 16240034 DOI: 10.1039/b507651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micrometre-sized water droplets were hyperquenched on a solid substrate held at selected temperatures between 150 and 77 K. These samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. 140 K is the upper temperature limit to obtain mainly amorphous samples on deposition within 16-37 min. DSC scans of glassy water prepared at 140 K exhibit on heating an endothermic step assignable to glass --> liquid transition, with an onset temperature (T(g)) of 136 +/- 2 K on heating at 30 K min(-1). For T(g) of approximately 136 K, water relaxes during deposition at 140 K for 16 min, moving towards metastable equilibrium. The apparent increase in heat capacity (deltaC(p)) depends, for a given rate of heating, on the rate of prior cooling, and a so-called overshoot develops. 140 K deposits cooled at a rate of 5, 2 or 0.2 K min(-1) show on subsequent reheating at a rate of 30 K min(-1) deltaC(p) values of 0.7, 1.1 and 1.7 J K(-1) mol(-1). This is consistent with liquid-like relaxation at 140 K, and it indicates that different limiting structures are obtained. When these 140 K deposits are in addition annealed at 130 K for 90 min, after slow-cooling at 5, 2 or 0.2 K min(-1), their deltaC(p) values on subsequent reheating are similar to those of hyperquenched glassy water (HGW) deposits made at 77 K and annealed at 130 K. Thus, the previous deltaC(p) value of 1.6 J K(-1) mol(-1) obtained with glassy water samples annealed at 130 K (A. Hallbrucker, E. Mayer and G. P. Johari, Philos. Mag. B, 1989, 60, 179) must be an upper-bound limit because it contains a contribution from an overshoot. The T(g) value of 140 K deposits, which had relaxed during deposition towards metastable equilibrium, is within experimental error the same as that of 140 K deposits annealed in addition at 130 K. This contradicts Yue and Angell's (Y. Yue and C. Angell, Nature, 2004, 427, 717) claim for assigning the endothermic step to a sub-T(g) peak or a "shadow" T(g). Our new data further support the proposed fragile-to-strong transition on cooling liquid water from ambient temperature into the deeply supercooled and glassy state. We also describe in detail experimental aspects to obtain HGW specimens, show the ultrastructure of the deposits using electron microscopy, and discuss the mechanism of our hyperquenching method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kohl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Al-Hosney HA, Grassian VH. Carbonic acid: an important intermediate in the surface chemistry of calcium carbonate. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:8068-9. [PMID: 15225019 DOI: 10.1021/ja0490774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate is an important and ubiquitous component of biological and geochemical systems. In this study, the surface chemistry of calcium carbonate with several trace atmospheric gases including HNO3, SO2, HCOOH, and CH3COOH is investigated with infrared spectroscopy. Adsorbed carbonic acid, H2CO3, is found to be an intermediate in these reactions. In the absence of adsorbed water, carbonic acid is stable on the surface at room temperature. However, upon water adsorption, carbonic acid dissociates as indicated by the evolution of gaseous CO2 and the disappearance of infrared absorption bands associated with adsorbed carbonic acid. Thus, it is postulated that under ambient conditions, carbonic acid may be an important albeit short-lived intermediate in the surface chemistry of calcium carbonate.
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Dell'Amico DB, Calderazzo F, Labella L, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G. Converting Carbon Dioxide into Carbamato Derivatives. Chem Rev 2003; 103:3857-98. [PMID: 14531715 DOI: 10.1021/cr940266m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Belli Dell'Amico
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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Hage W, Hallbrucker A, Mayer E. Metastable intermediates from glassy solutions part 5: FTIR spectroscopic characterization of isolated α- and β-carbonic acid. J Mol Struct 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(96)09701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hage W, Hallbrucker A, Mayer E. Metastable intermediates from glassy solutions. Part 4.—FTIR spectra of β-carbonic acid and its2H and13C isotopic forms, isolated from aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9969203197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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