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Four enzymes define the incorporation of coenzyme A in thienamycin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:11128-33. [PMID: 18678912 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic activities of three proteins encoded by the thienamycin gene cluster of Streptomyces cattleya (ThnR, ThnH, and ThnT) have been shown to incrementally cleave CoA to afford the active side-chain component of the beta-lactam antibiotic thienamycin. These results supersede proposals based on earlier radiochemical incorporation experiments. For 20 years it has been thought that cysteine was directly incorporated into the antibiotic. Specific, stepwise truncation of CoA to 4-phosphopantetheine, pantetheine, and finally cysteamine was observed with ThnR, ThnH, and ThnT, respectively, in a series of coupled enzymatic assays. Pantetheinylated carbapenams were synthesized to address possible thienamycin biosynthetic intermediates and were shown to be effective substrates for the pantetheine-cleaving enzyme ThnT. Finally, a fourth gene, thnF, was shown to encode a protein capable of N-acetylating a model compound containing cysteamine in the presence of acetyl-CoA, consistent with the production of the S. cattleya cometabolite, N-acetylthienamycin. Taken together, these four enzymes are proposed to siphon CoA from primary metabolism to create the side chains for the predominant S. cattleya carbapenems, thienamycin and N-acetylthienamycin, in a process likely to be general for the broader class of these antibiotics.
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Martel SR, Wisedale R, Gallagher T, Hall LD, Mahon MF, Bradbury RH, Hales NJ. β-Lactam-Based Azomethine Ylide Reactivity. Expedient Synthesis of Carbapenams and Carbapenems. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9637560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Martel
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K. Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Richard Wisedale
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K. Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Timothy Gallagher
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K. Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Lee D. Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K. Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K. Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Robert H. Bradbury
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K. Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Neil J. Hales
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K. X-ray Crystallographic Unit, School of Chemistry University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K. Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
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