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Ji P, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Huang H, Wei Y, Wang W. Synthesis of Enantioenriched α-Deuterated α-Amino Acids Enabled by an Organophotocatalytic Radical Approach. Org Lett 2020; 22:1557-1562. [PMID: 32045253 PMCID: PMC7936574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild, versatile organophotoredox protocol has been developed for the preparation of diverse, enantioenriched α-deuterated α-amino acids. Distinct from the well-established two-electron transformations, this radical-based strategy offers the unrivaled capacity of the convergent unification of readily accessible feedstock carboxylic acids and a chiral methyleneoxazolidinone fragment and the simultaneous highly diastereo-, chemo-, and regioselective incorporation of deuterium. Furthermore, the approach has addressed the long-standing challenge of the installation of sterically demanding side chains into α-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - He Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Yongyi Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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2
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Liang X, Duttwyler S. Efficient Brønsted-Acid-Catalyzed Deuteration of Arenes and Their Transformation to Functionalized Deuterated Products. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Liang
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P.R. China
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3
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4
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Song F, Salter R, Weaner LE. A short synthesis of d-[1-(14) C]-serine of high enantiomeric purity. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:173-6. [PMID: 25728900 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a short, three-step synthesis of d-[1-(14) C]-serine (4) in high enantiomeric purity. Starting from [(14) C]-KCN and 2-(benzyloxy)acetaldehyde, Strecker reaction using (R)-1-phenylethylamine as the chiral auxiliary gave two diastereomeric aminonitriles 1 and 2 in the ratio of 4:3, which were conveniently separated and purified chromatographically. Following hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogenolysis, the purified major diastereomer 1, was smoothly converted to d-[1-(14) C]-serine (4) in an enantiomeric excess of >99%, thus circumventing time intensive chiral HPLC enantiomeric resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Song
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA, 19477-0776, USA
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5
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Bąchor R, Setner B, Kluczyk A, Stefanowicz P, Szewczuk Z. The unusual hydrogen-deuterium exchange of α-carbon protons in N-substituted glycine-containing peptides. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:43-49. [PMID: 24446262 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogens connected to α-carbon (α-C) of amino acid residues are usually resistant to hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) unless reaction conditions promote racemization. Although N-methylglycine (sarcosine) residue has been found in biologically active peptide such as cyclosporine, to the best of our knowledge, the HDX of α-C protons of this residue was not explored yet. Here, we presented a new and efficient methodology of α-C deuteration in sarcosine residues under basic aqueous conditions. The deuterons, introduced at α-C atom, do not undergo back-exchange in acidic aqueous solution. The electrospray ionization-MS and MS/MS experiments on proposed model peptides confirmed the HDX at α-C and revealed the unexpected hydrogen scrambling in sarcosine-containing peptides. Although the observed HDX of α-C protons is only successful in N-acylglycine when the amide possesses a certain degree of alkylation, it offers a new approach to the analysis of sarcosine-containing peptides such as cyclosporine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Bąchor
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, Poland
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6
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Davies SG, Foster EM, McIntosh CR, Roberts PM, Rosser TE, Smith AD, Thomson JE. Asymmetric synthesis of syn- and anti-α-deuterio-β3-phenylalanine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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A stereoselective synthesis of α-deuterium-labelled (S)-α-amino acids. Amino Acids 2010; 39:849-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Abstract
The increasing demand for stable isotopically labeled compounds has led to an increased interest in H/D-exchange reactions at carbon centers. Today deuterium-labeled compounds are used as internal standards in mass spectrometry or to help elucidate mechanistic theories. Access to these deuterated compounds takes place significantly more efficiently and more cost effectively by exchange of hydrogen by deuterium in the target molecule than by classical synthesis. This Review will concentrate on the preparative application of the H/D-exchange reaction in the preparation of deuterium-labeled compounds. Advances over the last ten years are brought together and critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry Metabolite Synthesis (ICMS), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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10
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Undheim K. The Schöllkopf chiron and transition metal mediated reactions, a powerful combination for stereoselective construction of cyclic α-quaternary-α-amino acid derivatives. Amino Acids 2007; 34:357-402. [PMID: 17476570 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The focus has been on the development of methodology for stereoselective preparation of spiroannulated intermediates of the Schöllkopf chiron and further transformations to cyclic alpha-amino acids. The spiroannulations are effected by Ru(II)-catalysed ring-closing metathesis reactions, by Ru(II)- and Pd(0)-catalysed cycloisomerisations, by Rh(II)-carbenoid cyclisation reactions and by intramolecular aldol condensations. Hydrolytic reactions of the spirane intermediates have provided several groups of highly novel and functionalised five-, six- and seven-membered cyclic alpha-quaternary-alpha-amino acid derivatives as well as alicyclic derivatives. The novel cyclic amino acid derivatives can be regarded as cyclic constrained analogues of corresponding common amino acids, or in some cases as intermediates for further preparation of such amino acids. Some emphasis has been on the preparation of cyclic serine analogues. Major efforts have been on the preparation of cyclic alpha-quaternary bis(alpha-amino acid) derivatives as conformationally constrained dicarba-analogues of cystine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Undheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Andrei M, Efskind J, Undheim K. A stereoselective synthesis of a spiro-bridged bis(α-amino acid) derivative based on Ru(II)-catalysed RCM reactions. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Taylor PJ, Bull SD. An improved synthesis of deuterated Schöllkopf’s bis-lactim ether and its use for the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-[α-2H]-phenylalanine methyl esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Ramachandran PV, Burghardt TE, Reddy MVR. Asymmetric Allylboration of α,β-Enals as a Surrogate for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic Amines and α-Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2005; 70:2329-31. [PMID: 15760223 DOI: 10.1021/jo048144+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Optically pure allylic amines have been synthesized from alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes via allylboration with (-)-B-allyldiisopinocampheylborane, followed by Overman rearrangement. By incorporating crotyl and alkoxyallylboration, functionalization at delta-position was readily accomplished. By applying this methodology, the synthesis of several chiral alpha-amino acids has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Veeraraghavan Ramachandran
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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14
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Davies SG, Rodriguez-Solla H, Tamayo JA, Cowley AR, Concellon C, Garner AC, Parkes AL, Smith AD. Asymmetric conjugate reductions with samarium diiodide: asymmetric synthesis of (2S,3R)- and (2S,3S)-[2-2H,3-2H]-leucine-(S)-phenylalanine dipeptides and (2S,3R)-[2-2H,3-2H]-phenylalanine methyl ester. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:1435-47. [PMID: 15827639 DOI: 10.1039/b500566c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly diastereoselective samarium diiodide and D(2)O-promoted conjugate reduction of homochiral (E)- and (Z)-benzylidene and isobutylidene diketopiperazines (E)-5,7 and (Z)-6,8 has been demonstrated. This methodology allows the asymmetric synthesis of methyl (2S,3R)-dideuteriophenylalanine 27 in > or = 95% de and >98% ee, and (2S,3R)- or (2S,3S)-dideuterioleucine-(S)-phenylalanine dipeptides 37 and 38 in moderate de, 66% and 74% respectively. A mechanism is proposed to account for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Davies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, UK.
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Amino and hydroxy acid based diastereoselective synthesis of 1-deoxygalactostatin and its imino acid derivative. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Ru(II)-catalyzed ring closing metathesis in stereoselective syntheses of constrained homoserine analogues. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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20
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21
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Practical synthesis of Schöllkopf's bis-lactim ether chiral auxiliary: (3S)-3,6-dihydro-2,5-dimethoxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(97)00623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Hammer K, Undheim K. Ruthenium-catalyzed enyne metathesis in stereoselective preparation of cyclic 1-amino-1-carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Synthesis of chiral spiro 3-oxazolin-5-one 3-oxides (chiral nitrones) via a nitrosoketene intermediate and their asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions leading to the EPC synthesis of modified amino acids. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Ruthenium(II) in ring closing metathesis for the stereoselective preparation of cyclic 1-amino-1-carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Kelly NM, Sutherland A, Willis CL. Syntheses of amino acids incorporating stable isotopes. Nat Prod Rep 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/np9971400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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27
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Conjugate additions of E-alkenylphosphonates to lithiated Schöllkopf's bislactim ether: Stereocontrolled access to anti 2-amino-3-substituted-4-phosphonobutanoic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Synthesis of chiral cyclic nitrones via a nitrosoketene intermediate and their use for the complete EPC synthesis of nonproteinogenic amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Elemes Y, Ragnarsson U. Synthesis of enantiopure α-deuteriated Boc-L-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/p19960000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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