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Yıldırım A. Sustainable tandem acylation/Diels-Alder reaction toward versatile tricyclic epoxyisoindole-7-carboxylic acids in renewable green solvents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1308-1319. [PMID: 38887569 PMCID: PMC11181201 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tandem Diels-Alder reactions are often used for the straightforward formation of complex natural compounds and the fused polycyclic systems contained in their precursors. In the second step of this reaction, regio- and stereochemically controlled intramolecular cyclization leads to the formation of versatile nitrogen-containing tricyclic systems. However, these useful organic transformations are usually carried out in highly toxic organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, chloroform, etc. Despite recent efforts by 'green chemists', synthetic chemists still use these traditional toxic organic solvents in many of their reactions, even though safer alternatives are available. However, in addition to the harmful effects of these petrochemical solvents on the environment, the prediction that their resources will run out in the near future has led 'green chemists' to explore solvents that can be derived from renewable resources and used effectively in various organic transformations. In this context, we have shown for the first time that the 100% atom-economical tandem Diels-Alder reaction between aminofuranes and maleic anhydride can be carried out successfully in vegetable oils and waxes. The reaction was successfully carried out in sunflower seed oil, olive oil, oleic acid and lauryl myristate under mild reaction conditions. A series of epoxyisoindole-7-carboxylic acid and bisepoxyisoindole-7-carboxylic acids were obtained in good yields after a practical isolation procedure. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the potential of vegetable oils and their renewable materials to provide a reaction medium that is more sustainable than conventional organic solvents in cascade Diels-Alder reactions and can be used repeatedly without significant degradation. These materials also allow the reaction to be completed in less time, with less energy consumption and higher yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
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Al-Hawarin JI, Abu-Yamin AA, Abu-Saleh AAAA, Saraireh IAM, Almatarneh MH, Hasan M, Atrooz OM, Al-Douri Y. Synthesis, Characterization, and DFT Calculations of a New Sulfamethoxazole Schiff Base and Its Metal Complexes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5160. [PMID: 37512433 PMCID: PMC10385116 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A new Schiff base, 4-((1E,2E)-3-(furan-2-yl)allylidene)amino)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) benzene-sulfonamide (L), was synthesized by thermal condensation of 3-(2-furyl)acrolein and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and the furan Schiff base (L) was converted to a phenol Schiff base (L') according to the Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction and studied experimentally. The structural and spectroscopic properties of the Schiff base were also corroborated by utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, a series of lanthanide and transition metal complexes of the Schiff base were synthesized from the nitrate salts of Gd, Sm, Nd, and Zn (L1, L2, L3, and L4), respectively. Various spectroscopic studies confirmed the chemical structures of the Schiff-base ligand and its complexes. Based on the spectral studies, a nine-coordinated geometry was assigned to the lanthanide complexes and a six-coordinated geometry to the zinc complex. The elemental analysis data confirmed the suggested structure of the metal complexes, and the TGA studies confirmed the presence of one coordinated water molecule in the lanthanide complexes and one crystalline water molecule in the zinc complex; in addition, the conductivity showed the neutral nature of the complexes. Therefore, it is suggested that the ligand acts as a bidentate through coordinates to each metal atom by the isoxazole nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the sulfur dioxide moiety of the SMX based on FTIR studies. The ligand and its complexes were tested for their anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic, and antioxidant activities by various colorimetric methods. These complexes were found to exhibit potential effects of the selected biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibril I Al-Hawarin
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Mansour H Almatarneh
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mahmood Hasan
- Hepi Company (Home of Experience) for Paints and Inks, Cairo 61710, Egypt
| | - Omar M Atrooz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, Mutah 617102, Jordan
| | - Y Al-Douri
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Piri Reis University, Eflatun Sk. No: 8, Istanbul 34940, Tuzla, Turkey
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Asako T, Suzuki S, Itami K, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of a Heptaarylisoquinoline: Unusual Disconnection for Constructing Isoquinoline Frameworks. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Asako
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shin Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Yamazaki S, Sugiura H, Niina M, Mikata Y, Ogawa A. Inter- and Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction of Ethenetricarboxylate Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-15-13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Reed JW, Hudlicky T. The quest for a practical synthesis of morphine alkaloids and their derivatives by chemoenzymatic methods. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:674-87. [PMID: 25730681 DOI: 10.1021/ar500427k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We became interested in approaches to morphine in the early 1990s following our immersion into the new program on the enzymatic dihydroxylation of aromatics. Larry Kwart, a former classmate of one of us at Rice University, who worked with our group at Virginia Tech in the mid-1980s, introduced to us the use of blocked mutants of Pseudomonas putida (Pp39D) for the production of arene-cis-dihydrodiols. Larry had gained expertise in microbiology from a postdoctoral stay with David Gibson, who discovered this unique enzymatic transformation, and he helped us to establish a strong program in chemoenzymatic synthesis that continues to this day. Without his pioneering effort, none of our accomplishments in chemoenzymatic synthesis, including the various approaches to morphine, would have materialized. Here we trace the evolution of our approaches to morphine alkaloids and some commercial opiate-derived medicinal agents. The design features and chronology of our approaches are discussed in a way that allows the reader to appreciate a number of errors that were made in conception as well as in execution. Experience acquired from many failed or less-than-effective attempts has finally led to an "almost reasonable" total synthesis, the key concept being based on our very first but unsuccessful attempt more than two decades ago. The irony of this accomplishment has not been lost on us. Each section of this Account presents a summary of distinctly different approaches to morphine alkaloids. Each ends with a short and philosophical lesson that was (or should have been) learned in the process. We intend for this Account to offer more than the history of a search for the perfect design solution to a synthetic problem. In today's era of rapid and often careless publication of results, it should serve also as a reminder that the success and the integrity of synthetic ventures depends on perseverance, adjustment of strategy, improvements of previous attempts, and serious attention to the quality of experimental data. Although somewhat satisfied with our latest accomplishment in morphinan synthesis, we plan to improve our design in the hope that a six-step synthesis is no longer in the realm of fantasy. With more than 20 years of effort in this area, our continuing involvement may qualify as obsession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine W. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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Arslan H, Demircan A. Structure and vibrational frequencies of 6-chloro-8-thia-1,4-epoxybicyclo[4.3.0]non-2-ene: density functional theory study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020701632862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pieniazek SN, Houk KN. The Origin of the Halogen Effect on Reactivity and Reversibility of Diels–Alder Cycloadditions Involving Furan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:1442-5. [PMID: 16425325 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan N Pieniazek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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Pieniazek SN, Houk KN. The Origin of the Halogen Effect on Reactivity and Reversibility of Diels–Alder Cycloadditions Involving Furan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Padwa A, Lynch SM, Mejía-Oneto JM, Zhang H. Cycloaddition Chemistry of 2-Vinyl-Substituted Indoles and Related Heteroaromatic Systems. J Org Chem 2005; 70:2206-18. [PMID: 15760207 DOI: 10.1021/jo047834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction (IMDAF) of several N-phenylsulfonylindolyl-substituted furanyl carbamates containing a tethered pi-bond on the indole ring were examined as an approach to the iboga alkaloid catharanthine. Only in the case where the tethered pi-bond contained two carbomethoxy groups did the [4 + 2]-cycloaddition occur. Push-pull dipoles generated from the Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of diazo imides, on the other hand, undergo successful intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition across both alkenyl and heteroaromatic pi-bonds to provide novel pentacyclic compounds in good yield and in a stereocontrolled fashion. The facility of the cycloaddition was found to be critically dependent on conformational factors in the transition state. Ligand substitution in the rhodium(II) catalyst markedly altered the product ratio between [3 + 2]-cycloaddition and intramolecular C-H insertion. The variation in reactivity reflects the difference in electrophilicity between the various rhodium carbenoid intermediates. Intramolecular C-H insertion is enhanced with the more electrophilic carbene generated using Rh(II) perfluorobutyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Wright DL. Furans as versatile synthons for target-oriented and diversity-oriented synthesis. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Paulvannan K. An Atom-Economical Approach to Conformationally Constrained Tricyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles via Sequential and Tandem Ugi/Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reaction of Pyrrole1,2. J Org Chem 2004; 69:1207-14. [PMID: 14961672 DOI: 10.1021/jo030231z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach to rigid tricyclic nitrogen heterocycles via sequential and tandem Ugi/intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) cycloaddition of pyrrole is described. The one-pot Ugi four-component condensation (4CC) reaction was used as the key transformation to prepare trienes with a carboxamide substituent on the tether. The use of acrylic acid (21) and N-propyl- and N-benzylmaleamic acids (24b and 24C) as the acid components provided trienes 22, 25b, and 25c, respectively, which upon heating at 120 degrees C for 12 h yielded the corresponding [4 + 2] cycloaddition products. In the case of maleic acid derivative 24a, heating the reaction mixture at 60 degrees C for 6 h promoted the cycloaddition reaction and provided the desired product 26a in 78% yield. In contrast, fumaric acid monoethyl ester (27a) and 3-acetyl- and 3-(4-methylbenzoyl) acrylic acids (27b-c) directly yielded the corresponding Ugi/IMDA cycloaddition products 29a-c in high yields at room temperature without any trace of initially formed trienes 28a-c. The IMDA cycloaddition reactions proceed with excellent stereoselectivity with the formation of five stereogenic centers and three rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paulvannan
- Affymax Research Institute, 3410 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, California 95051, USA.
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Mance AD, Borovička B, Jakopčić K, Pavlović G, Leban I. New compounds in ring-opening reaction of 5-substituted epoxyisoindolines. J Heterocycl Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570390205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Varlamov AV, Nikitina EV, Zubkov FI, Shurupova OV, Chernyshev AI. Synthesis of 3-spiroannulated hexahydro-6,8a-epoxyisoquinolines. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2002. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2002v012n01abeh001535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ghelfi F, Parsons A, Tommasini D, Mucci A. Intramolecular Diels−Alder Cycloaddition ofN-Allyl-N-(2-furylmethyl)amides − First Step of a New Route Towards the Synthesis of a Densely Functionalized Pyrrolizidine Ring. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200105)2001:10<1845::aid-ejoc1845>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Andrés C, García-Valverde M, Nieto J, Pedrosa R. Thermal and Lewis Acid Catalyzed Diastereoselective Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reaction on α,β-Unsaturated Amides Derived from (−)-8-Aminomenthol. J Org Chem 1999; 64:5230-5236. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9904462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Andrés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María García-Valverde
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Nieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rafael Pedrosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Preparation of tricyclic nitrogen heterocycles via intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of furans. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Andrés C, Nieto J, Pedrosa R, Vicente M. Synthesis of Enantiopure Highly Substituted trans-8a-Hydroxydecahydroisoquinolines by Sequential Diastereoselective IMDA Reaction and Oxanorbornene Nucleophilic Ring Opening. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Andrés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011-Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Nieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011-Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rafael Pedrosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011-Valladolid, Spain
| | - Martina Vicente
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011-Valladolid, Spain
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Padwa A, Dimitroff M, Waterson AG, Wu T. IMDAF Cycloaddition as a Method for the Preparation of Pyrrolophenanthridine Alkaloids. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Martin Dimitroff
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Alex G. Waterson
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tianhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Mance AD, Šindler-Kulyk M, Jakopčić K, Hergold-Brundić A, Nagl A. New epoxyisoindolines by intramolecular diels-alder reactions of some methyl-substituted allylaryl-2-furfurylamines. J Heterocycl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570340437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Andrés C, Maestro G, Nieto J, Pedrosa R, García-Granda S, Pérez-Carreño E. Diastereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of the furan diene. A facile access to enantiopure epoxy tetrahydroisoindolines. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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