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Miller SA, van Beek B, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM, Leadbeater NE. A methodology for the photocatalyzed radical trifluoromethylation of indoles: A combined experimental and computational study. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tutkowski B, Meggers E, Wiest O. Understanding Rate Acceleration and Stereoinduction of an Asymmetric Giese Reaction Mediated by a Chiral Rhodium Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8062-8065. [PMID: 28558465 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The surprising acceleration of the addition of electron-rich radicals to α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles by a chiral-at-metal rhodium catalyst is investigated. M06/Lanl2DZ (Rh),6-31G(d) calculations reproduce the observed rate acceleration and shed light on a catalyst design where a rigid chiral pocket with a steric interaction >5 Å from the chiral metal center leads to the observed high stereoinduction. Analysis of the molecular orbitals of two key addition transition states emphasize the role of the catalyst as a Lewis acid without significant charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Tutkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
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De Vleeschouwer F, Jaque P, Geerlings P, Toro-Labbé A, De Proft F. Regioselectivity of Radical Additions to Substituted Alkenes: Insight from Conceptual Density Functional Theory. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4964-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Av. Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Tavakol H, Arshadi S. Theoretical investigation of tautomerism in N-hydroxy amidines. J Mol Model 2009; 15:807-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zheng X, Blowers P. A computational study of alkane hydrogen-exchange reactions on zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zheng X, Blowers P. The investigation of hydrocarbon cracking reaction energetics with composite energy methods. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020500321329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Saeys M, Reyniers MF, Marin GB, Van Speybroeck V, Waroquier M. Ab Initio Calculations for Hydrocarbons: Enthalpy of Formation, Transition State Geometry, and Activation Energy for Radical Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kharroubi M, de Sainte Claire P. The Pitzer Free Rotor Model for Nondegenerate Modes: Application to the Long-Range Behavior of Halogen Radical Reactions with Substituted Olefins. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0258614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kharroubi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR6517, CNRS et Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et III, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 521, Marseille, 13397 Cedex 20, France
| | - Pascal de Sainte Claire
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR6517, CNRS et Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et III, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 521, Marseille, 13397 Cedex 20, France
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Fischer H, Radom L. Factors Controlling the Addition of Carbon‐Centered Radicals to Alkenes—An Experimental and Theoretical Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010417)40:8<1340::aid-anie1340>3.0.co;2-%23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Fischer
- Physikalisch‐Chemisches Institut der Universität Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich (Switzerland) Fax: (+41) 1‐6356856
| | - Leo Radom
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra, ACT 0200 (Australia)
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Fischer H, Radom L. Was steuert die Additionen kohlenstoffzentrierter Radikale an Alkene? - Antworten auf experimenteller und theoretischer Grundlage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010417)113:8<1380::aid-ange1380>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Fischer H, Radom L. Factors Controlling the Addition of Carbon-Centered Radicals to Alkenes-An Experimental and Theoretical Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:1340-1371. [PMID: 11317286 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010417)40:8<1340::aid-anie1340>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The successful exploitation of syntheses involving the generation of new carbon-carbon bonds by radical reactions rests on some prior knowledge of the rate constants for the addition of carbon-centered radicals to alkenes and other unsaturated molecules, and of the factors controlling them. Two former classical reviews in Angewandte Chemie by Tedder (1982) and by Giese (1983) provided mechanistic insight and led to various qualitative rules on the complex interplay of enthalpic, polar, and steric effects. In the meantime, the field has experienced very rapid progress: many more experimental absolute rate constants have become available, and there have been major advances in the efficiency and reliability of quantum-chemical methods for the accurate calculation of transition structures, reaction barriers, and reaction enthalpies. Herein we review this progress, recommend suitable experimental and theoretical procedures, and display representative data series for radical additions to alkenes. On this basis, and guided by the pictorial tool of the state-correlation diagram for radical additions, we then offer a new and more stringent quantification of the controlling factors. Our analysis leads to a partial revision of the previous qualitative rules, and it more clearly exhibits the interplay of the reaction enthalpy effects, polar charge-transfer contributions, and steric substituent effects on the reaction energy barrier. The various contributions are cast into the form of new, simple, and physically meaningful but non-linear, predictive equations for the preestimation of rate constants. These equations prove successful in several tests but call for additional theoretical and experimental foundation. The kinetics of related reactions such as polymer propagation, copolymerization, and the addition of radicals to alkynes and aromatic compounds is shown to follow the same principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Fischer
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich (Switzerland)
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A cyclic intermediate of the splitting reaction of cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimer cation radicals. A computational finding as challenge for experimental techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(98)00629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Bottoni A. Theoretical Study of the Hydrogen and Chlorine Abstraction from Chloromethanes by Silyl and Trichlorosilyl Radicals: A Comparison between the Hartree−Fock Method, Perturbation Theory, and Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982166g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita' di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Rak J, Voityuk AA, Rösch N. Splitting of Cyclobutane-Type Uracil Dimer Cation Radicals. Hartree−Fock, MP2, and Density Functional Studies. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981665e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Rak
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Notker Rösch
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Arnaud R, Vetere V, Barone V. Regioselectivity of methyl radical addition to fluoroethenes: a quantum mechanical study. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Korchowiec J, Uchimaru T. Density Functional Study of Addition of Fluoromethyl Radicals to Fluoroethylenes: Estimation of Activation Energies. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980744n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Korchowiec
- Department of Physical Chemistry, National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, MITI, Tsukuba Science City 305-5865, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Uchimaru
- Department of Physical Chemistry, National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, MITI, Tsukuba Science City 305-5865, Japan
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Bernardi F, Bottoni A, Calcinari M, Rossi I, Robb MA. Comparison between CASPT2 and DFT in the Study of Ni(C2H4)2 Complexes. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970998t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita' di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita' di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Calcinari
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita' di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita' di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael A. Robb
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
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Bernardi F, Bottoni A. Polar Effect in Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions from Halo-Substituted Methanes by Methyl Radical: A Comparison between Hartree−Fock, Perturbation, and Density Functional Theories. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9620680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita' di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita' di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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