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Chen J, Duan S, Wang Y, Ling Y, Hou X, Zhang S, Liu X, Long X, Lan J, Zhou M, Xu H, Zheng H, Zhou J. MYG1 drives glycolysis and colorectal cancer development through nuclear-mitochondrial collaboration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4969. [PMID: 38862489 PMCID: PMC11167044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic remodeling is a strategy for tumor survival under stress. However, the molecular mechanisms during the metabolic remodeling of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Melanocyte proliferating gene 1 (MYG1) is a 3'-5' RNA exonuclease and plays a key role in mitochondrial functions. Here, we uncover that MYG1 expression is upregulated in CRC progression and highly expressed MYG1 promotes glycolysis and CRC progression independent of its exonuclease activity. Mechanistically, nuclear MYG1 recruits HSP90/GSK3β complex to promote PKM2 phosphorylation, increasing its stability. PKM2 transcriptionally activates MYC and promotes MYC-medicated glycolysis. Conversely, c-Myc also transcriptionally upregulates MYG1, driving the progression of CRC. Meanwhile, mitochondrial MYG1 on the one hand inhibits oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and on the other hand blocks the release of Cyt c from mitochondria and inhibits cell apoptosis. Clinically, patients with KRAS mutation show high expression of MYG1, indicating a high level of glycolysis and a poor prognosis. Targeting MYG1 may disturb metabolic balance of CRC and serve as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shiyu Duan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuping Ling
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xunhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoli Long
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiawen Lan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huimeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haoxuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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2
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Novel Prediction Method Applied to Wound Age Estimation: Developing a Stacking Ensemble Model to Improve Predictive Performance Based on Multi-mRNA. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030395. [PMID: 36766500 PMCID: PMC9914838 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Accurate diagnosis of wound age is crucial for investigating violent cases in forensic practice. However, effective biomarkers and forecast methods are lacking. (2) Methods: Samples were collected from rats divided randomly into control and contusion groups at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h post-injury. The characteristics of concern were nine mRNA expression levels. Internal validation data were used to train different machine learning algorithms, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), gradient boosting (GB), and stochastic gradient descent (SGD), to predict wound age. These models were considered the base learners, which were then applied to developing 26 stacking ensemble models combining two, three, four, or five base learners. The best-performing stacking model and base learner were evaluated through external validation data. (3) Results: The best results were obtained using a stacking model of RF + SVM + MLP (accuracy = 92.85%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.93, root-mean-square-error (RMSE) = 1.06 h). The wound age prediction performance of the stacking models was also confirmed for another independent dataset. (4) Conclusions: We illustrate that machine learning techniques, especially ensemble algorithms, have a high potential to be used to predict wound age. According to the results, the strategy can be applied to other types of forensic forecasts.
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3
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Identification of Immune Markers in Dilated Cardiomyopathies with Heart Failure by Integrated Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030393. [PMID: 35327947 PMCID: PMC8950518 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a heterogeneous cardiomyopathy, is a major cause of heart failure and heart transplant. Currently, immunotherapy is believed to be an effective treatment method for DCM. However, individual differences are so obvious that the clinical effect is not satisfactory. In order to find immune-related biomarkers of DCM to guide treatment and improve clinical efficacy, we downloaded a GSE120895 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database using CIBERSORT and WGCNA algorithms in RStudio and visualizing the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network for key modules by Cytoscape, and finally obtained six hub genes. A GSE17800 dataset was downloaded from the GEO dataset to verify the diagnostic values of hub genes, MYG1, FLOT1, and ATG13, which were excellent. Our study revealed unpublished potential immune mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets of DCM.
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4
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Han X, Li A, Wang W, Du L, Wang C, Huang G. MYG1 promotes proliferation and inhibits autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma cells via the AMPK/mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:334. [PMID: 33692866 PMCID: PMC7933758 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocyte proliferating gene 1 (MYG1) is an exonuclease that participates in RNA processing and is required for normal mitochondrial function. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of MYG1 and its underlying mechanisms in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The expression levels of MYG1 in tumor tissues of patients with LUAD were obtained from public cancer databases and analyzed using the UALCAN online software. The association between MYG1 expression levels and the prognosis of patients with LUAD was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. In addition, the role of MYG1 in the LUAD A549 and H1993 cell lines was determined by knocking down MYG1 expression with a specific small interfering RNA or by overexpressing it with a MYG1-containing plasmid. The results demonstrated that MYG1 expression levels were upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with those in normal lung tissues from healthy subjects, and high MYG1 expression levels were associated with an unfavorable prognosis. MYG1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and H1993 cells. In addition, MYG1 inhibited autophagy via the AMP-activated protein kinase/mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway. Collectively, the present results suggested that MYG1 may serve an oncogenic role in LUAD and may be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Han
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Aili Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Longxia Du
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Guojin Huang
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
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5
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Leseva MN, Binder AM, Ponsonby AL, Vuillermin P, Saffery R, Michels KB. Differential gene expression and limited epigenetic dysregulation at the materno-fetal interface in preeclampsia. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:335-350. [PMID: 31868881 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the many advances made in the diagnosis and management of preeclampsia, this syndrome remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and life-long morbidity, as well as adverse fetal outcomes. Successful prediction and therapeutic intervention require an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms, which underlie preeclampsia pathophysiology. We have used an integrated approach to discover placental genetic and epigenetic markers of preeclampsia and validated our findings in an independent cohort of women. We observed the microRNA, MIR138, to be upregulated in singleton preeclamptic placentas; however, this appears to be a female infant sex-specific effect. We did not identify any significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in singleton pregnancies, indicating that DNA methylation changes in mild forms of the disease are likely limited. However, we identified infant sex-specific preeclampsia-associated differentially methylated regions among singletons. Disease-associated DMPs were more obvious in a limited sampling of twin pregnancies. Interestingly, 2 out of the 10 most significant changes in methylation over larger regions overlap between singletons and twins and correspond to NAPRT1 and ZNF417.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena N Leseva
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Alexandra M Binder
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Discovery Theme, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Cell Biology Theme, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Cell Biology Theme, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.,Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cell Biology Theme, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Karin B Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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6
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Grover R, Burse SA, Shankrit S, Aggarwal A, Kirty K, Narta K, Srivastav R, Ray AK, Malik G, Vats A, Motiani RK, Thukral L, Roy SS, Bhattacharya S, Sharma R, Natarajan K, Mukerji M, Pandey R, Gokhale RS, Natarajan VT. Myg1 exonuclease couples the nuclear and mitochondrial translational programs through RNA processing. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5852-5866. [PMID: 31081026 PMCID: PMC6582341 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Semi-autonomous functioning of mitochondria in eukaryotic cell necessitates coordination with nucleus. Several RNA species fine-tune mitochondrial processes by synchronizing with the nuclear program, however the involved components remain enigmatic. In this study, we identify a widely conserved dually localized protein Myg1, and establish its role as a 3′-5′ RNA exonuclease. We employ mouse melanoma cells, and knockout of the Myg1 ortholog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with complementation using human Myg1 to decipher the conserved role of Myg1 in selective RNA processing. Localization of Myg1 to nucleolus and mitochondrial matrix was studied through imaging and confirmed by sub-cellular fractionation studies. We developed Silexoseqencing, a methodology to map the RNAse trail at single-nucleotide resolution, and identified in situ cleavage by Myg1 on specific transcripts in the two organelles. In nucleolus, Myg1 processes pre-ribosomal RNA involved in ribosome assembly and alters cytoplasmic translation. In mitochondrial matrix, Myg1 processes 3′-termini of the mito-ribosomal and messenger RNAs and controls translation of mitochondrial proteins. We provide a molecular link to the possible involvement of Myg1 in chronic depigmenting disorder vitiligo. Our study identifies a key component involved in regulating spatially segregated organellar RNA processing and establishes the evolutionarily conserved ribonuclease as a coordinator of nucleo-mitochondrial crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Grover
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaunak A Burse
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shambhavi Shankrit
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayush Aggarwal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kritika Kirty
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Narta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajpal Srivastav
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar Ray
- School of environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Malik
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Vats
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Lipi Thukral
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Sinha Roy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Bhattacharya
- School of environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mitali Mukerji
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India.,National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
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7
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Singer‐Krüger B, Fröhlich T, Franz‐Wachtel M, Nalpas N, Macek B, Jansen R. APEX2‐mediated proximity labeling resolves protein networks in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
cells. FEBS J 2019; 287:325-344. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Fröhlich
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry University of Tübingen Germany
| | | | | | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tübingen University of Tübingen Germany
| | - Ralf‐Peter Jansen
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry University of Tübingen Germany
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8
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Shin KS, Park HS, Kim Y, Heo IB, Kim YH, Yu JH. Aspergillus fumigatus spore proteomics and genetics reveal that VeA represses DefA-mediated DNA damage response. J Proteomics 2016; 148:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Li J, Lee Y, Johansson HJ, Mäger I, Vader P, Nordin JZ, Wiklander OPB, Lehtiö J, Wood MJA, Andaloussi SE. Serum-free culture alters the quantity and protein composition of neuroblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:26883. [PMID: 26022510 PMCID: PMC4447833 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.26883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in cell–cell communication in numerous physiological processes and pathological conditions, and offer promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents for genetic diseases. Many recent studies have described different molecular mechanisms that contribute to EV biogenesis and release from cells. However, little is known about how external stimuli such as cell culture conditions can affect the quantity and content of EVs. While N2a neuroblastoma cells cultured in serum-free (OptiMEM) conditions did not result in EVs with significant biophysical or size differences compared with cells cultured in serum-containing (pre-spun) conditions, the quantity of isolated EVs was greatly increased. Moreover, the expression levels of certain vesicular proteins (e.g. small GTPases, G-protein complexes, mRNA processing proteins and splicing factors), some of which were previously reported to be involved in EV biogenesis, were found to be differentially expressed in EVs under different culture conditions. These data, therefore, contribute to the understanding of how extracellular factors and intracellular molecular pathways affect the composition and release of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Li
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik J Johansson
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Janne Lehtiö
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Differential proteomic analysis of the pancreas of diabetic db/db mice reveals the proteins involved in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9579-93. [PMID: 24886809 PMCID: PMC4100111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin-resistance. Diabetes results from pancreatic inability to secrete the insulin needed to overcome this resistance. We analyzed the protein profile from the pancreas of ten-week old diabetic db/db and wild type mice through proteomics. Pancreatic proteins were separated in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and significant changes in db/db mice respect to wild type mice were observed in 27 proteins. Twenty five proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) and their interactions were analyzed using search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) and database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID). Some of these proteins were Pancreatic α-amylase, Cytochrome b5, Lithostathine-1, Lithostathine-2, Chymotrypsinogen B, Peroxiredoxin-4, Aspartyl aminopeptidase, Endoplasmin, and others, which are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, as well as in oxidative stress, and inflammation. Remarkably, these are mostly endoplasmic reticulum proteins related to peptidase activity, i.e., they are involved in proteolysis, glucose catabolism and in the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. These results suggest mechanisms for insulin resistance, and the chronic inflammatory state observed in diabetes.
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11
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Philips MA, Lilleväli K, Heinla I, Luuk H, Hundahl CA, Kongi K, Vanaveski T, Tekko T, Innos J, Vasar E. Lsamp is implicated in the regulation of emotional and social behavior by use of alternative promoters in the brain. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1381-93. [PMID: 24633737 PMCID: PMC4409639 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Limbic system-associated membrane protein (LSAMP) is a neural cell adhesion molecule involved in neurite formation and outgrowth. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the distribution of alternatively transcribed Lsamp isoforms in the mouse brain and its implications on the regulation of behavior. Limbic system-associated membrane protein 1b transcript was visualized by using a mouse strain expressing beta-galactosidase under the control of Lsamp 1b promoter. The distribution of Lsamp 1a transcript and summarized expression of the Lsamp transcripts was investigated by non-radioactive in situ RNA hybridization analysis. Cross-validation was performed by using radioactive in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to study correlations between the expression of Lsamp isoforms and behavioral parameters. The expression pattern of two promoters differs remarkably from the developmental initiation at embryonic day 12.5. Limbic system-associated membrane protein 1a promoter is active in “classic” limbic structures where the hippocampus and amygdaloid area display the highest expression. Promoter 1b is mostly active in the thalamic sensory nuclei and cortical sensory areas, but also in areas that regulate stress and arousal. Higher levels of Lsamp 1a transcript had significant correlations with all of the measures indicating higher trait anxiety in the elevated plus-maze test. Limbic system-associated membrane protein transcript levels in the hippocampus and ventral striatum correlated with behavioral parameters in the social interaction test. The data are in line with decreased anxiety and alterations in social behavior in Lsamp-deficient mice. We propose that Lsamp is involved in emotional and social operating systems by complex regulation of two alternative promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Anne Philips
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia,
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12
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Dynamic changes in mucus thickness and ion secretion during Citrobacter rodentium infection and clearance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84430. [PMID: 24386378 PMCID: PMC3875541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing pathogen used as a murine model for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. The mucus layers are a complex matrix of molecules, and mucus swelling, hydration and permeability are affected by many factors, including ion composition. Here, we used the C. rodentium model to investigate mucus dynamics during infection. By measuring the mucus layer thickness in tissue explants during infection, we demonstrated that the thickness changes dynamically during the course of infection and that its thickest stage coincides with the start of a decrease of bacterial density at day 14 after infection. Although quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that mucin mRNA increases during early infection, the increased mucus layer thickness late in infection was not explained by increased mRNA levels. Proteomic analysis of mucus did not demonstrate the appearance of additional mucins, but revealed an increased number of proteins involved in defense responses. Ussing chamber-based electrical measurements demonstrated that ion secretion was dynamically altered during the infection phases. Furthermore, the bicarbonate ion channel Bestrophin-2 mRNA nominally increased, whereas the Cftr mRNA decreased during the late infection clearance phase. Microscopy of Muc2 immunostained tissues suggested that the inner striated mucus layer present in the healthy colon was scarce during the time point of most severe infection (10 days post infection), but then expanded, albeit with a less structured appearance, during the expulsion phase. Together with previously published literature, the data implies a model for clearance where a change in secretion allows reformation of the mucus layer, displacing the pathogen to the outer mucus layer, where it is then outcompeted by the returning commensal flora. In conclusion, mucus and ion secretion are dynamically altered during the C. rodentium infection cycle.
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13
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Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R. Correlation of increased MYG1 expression and its promoter polymorphism with disease progression and higher susceptibility in vitiligo patients. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:195-202. [PMID: 23706493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYG1 (Melanocyte proliferating gene 1 or C12orf10) -119C/G promoter and Arg4Gln structural polymorphisms have a functional impact on its regulation. The promoter polymorphism was shown to be associated with vitiligo in Caucasian population. OBJECTIVE The present study explores MYG1 polymorphisms and correlates them with MYG1 mRNA expression, disease onset and progression in vitiligo patients. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used for genotyping of MYG1 -119C/G promoter (rs1465073) and 11-12AA/GC structural polymorphisms (rs1534284-rs1534283; Arg4Gln) in 846 vitiligo patients and 726 age-matched unaffected controls. MYG1 mRNA levels were assessed in whole blood of 166 patients and 175 controls by Real-time PCR. RESULTS The MYG1 -119C/G promoter polymorphism was found to be in significant association with vitiligo being 'G' allele prevalent in patients. However, 11-12AA/GC structural polymorphism was prevalently monogenic in patients and controls with only MYG1 GC (4Arg) allele being present. Significant increase in MYG1 mRNA expression was observed in vitiligo patients compared to controls. The MYG1 mRNA expression was increased in patients with active and generalized vitiligo as compared to stable and localized vitiligo. MYG1 mRNA expression was increased in patients with susceptible -119 GG genotype compared to controls. Also, patients with susceptible -119 GG genotype had early age of onset of vitiligo. Moreover, patients with age groups 1-20 years and 21-40 years showed increased expression of MYG1 mRNA compared to those of controls. Female patients showed significant increase in MYG1 mRNA and early age of onset of vitiligo compared to male patients. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that MYG1 -119C/G promoter polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor for susceptibility and progression of vitiligo. The up-regulation of MYG1 transcript in patients with susceptible -119GG genotype advocates the crucial role of MYG1 in autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
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Liu F, Cao J, Lv J, Dong L, Pier E, Xu GX, Wang RA, Xu Z, Goding C, Cui R. TBX2 expression is regulated by PAX3 in the melanocyte lineage. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:67-77. [PMID: 23020925 PMCID: PMC3527652 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The paired box homeotic gene 3 (PAX3) is a crucial regulator for the maintenance of melanocytic progenitor cells and has a poorly defined role in melanoma. To understand how PAX3 affects melanocyte and melanoma proliferation, we identified potential PAX3 downstream targets through gene expression profiling. Here, we identify T-box 2 (TBX2), a key developmental regulator of cell identity and an antisenescence factor in melanoma, as a directly regulated PAX3 target. We also found that TBX2 is involved in the survival of melanoma cells and is overexpressed in some melanoma specimens. The identification of TBX2 as a target for PAX3 provides a key insight into how PAX3 may contribute to melanoma evolution and may provide opportunities for prosenescence therapeutic intervention aimed at disrupting the ability of PAX3 to regulate TBX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,100020
| | - Juxiang Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Jinghu Lv
- Rizhao General Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Eric Pier
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - George X. Xu
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rui-an Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 17 Ave S, Birmingham, Al 35233
| | - Colin Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rutao Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
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Philips MA, Kingo K, Karelson M, Rätsep R, Aunin E, Reimann E, Reemann P, Porosaar O, Vikeså J, Nielsen FC, Vasar E, Silm H, Kõks S. Promoter polymorphism -119C/G in MYG1 (C12orf10) gene is related to vitiligo susceptibility and Arg4Gln affects mitochondrial entrance of Myg1. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:56. [PMID: 20377893 PMCID: PMC2856544 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background MYG1 (Melanocyte proliferating gene 1, also C12orf10 in human) is a ubiquitous nucleo-mitochondrial protein, involved in early developmental processes and in adult stress/illness conditions. We recently showed that MYG1 mRNA expression is elevated in the skin of vitiligo patients. Our aim was to examine nine known polymorphisms in the MYG1 gene, to investigate their functionality, and to study their association with vitiligo susceptibility. Methods Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MYG1 locus were investigated by SNPlex assay and/or sequencing in vitiligo patients (n = 124) and controls (n = 325). MYG1 expression in skin biopsies was detected by quantitative-real time PCR (Q-RT-PCR) and polymorphisms were further analysed using luciferase and YFP reporters in the cell culture. Results Control subjects with -119G promoter allele (rs1465073) exhibited significantly higher MYG1 mRNA levels than controls with -119C allele (P = 0.01). Higher activity of -119G promoter was confirmed by luciferase assay. Single marker association analysis showed that the -119G allele was more frequent in vitiligo patients (47.1%) compared to controls (39.3%, P < 0.05, OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.02-1.85). Analysis based on the stage of progression of the vitiligo revealed that the increased frequency of -119G allele occurred prevalently in the group of patients with active vitiligo (n = 86) compared to the control group (48.2% versus 39.3%, P < 0.05; OR 1.44, 95%CI 1.02-2.03). Additionally, we showed that glutamine in the fourth position (in Arg4Gln polymorphism) completely eliminated mitochondrial entrance of YFP-tagged Myg1 protein in cell culture. The analysis of available EST, cDNA and genomic DNA sequences revealed that Myg1 4Gln allele is remarkably present in human populations but is never detected in homozygous state according to the HapMap database. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that both MYG1 promoter polymorphism -119C/G and Arg4Gln polymorphism in the mitochondrial signal of Myg1 have a functional impact on the regulation of the MYG1 gene and promoter polymorphism (-119C/G) is related with suspectibility for actively progressing vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Anne Philips
- Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
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Philips MA, Abramov U, Lilleväli K, Luuk H, Kurrikoff K, Raud S, Plaas M, Innos J, Puussaar T, Kõks S, Vasar E. Myg1-deficient mice display alterations in stress-induced responses and reduction of sex-dependent behavioural differences. Behav Brain Res 2009; 207:182-95. [PMID: 19818808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Myg1 (Melanocyte proliferating gene 1) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed gene, which encodes a protein with mitochondrial and nuclear localization. In the current study we demonstrate a gradual decline of Myg1 expression during the postnatal development of the mouse brain that suggests relevance for Myg1 in developmental processes. To study the effects of Myg1 loss-of-function, we created Myg1-deficient (-/-) mice by displacing the entire coding sequence of the gene. Initial phenotyping, covering a multitude of behavioural, cognitive, neurological, physiological and stress-related responses, revealed that homozygous Myg1 (-/-) mice are vital, fertile and display no gross abnormalities. Myg1 (-/-) mice showed an inconsistent pattern of altered anxiety-like behaviour in different tests. The plus-maze and social interaction tests revealed that male Myg1 (-/-) mice were significantly less anxious than their wild-type littermates; female (-/-) mice showed increased anxiety in the locomotor activity arena. Restraint-stress significantly reduced the expression of the Myg1 gene in the prefrontal cortex of female wild-type mice and restrained female (-/-) mice showed a blunted corticosterone response, suggesting involvement of Myg1 in stress-induced responses. The main finding of the present study was that Myg1 invalidation decreases several behavioural differences between male and female animals that were obvious in wild-type mice, indicating that Myg1 contributes to the expression of sex-dependent behavioural differences in mice. Taken together, we provide evidence for the involvement of Myg1 in anxiety- and stress-related responses and suggest that Myg1 contributes to the expression of sex-dependent behavioural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Anne Philips
- Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu, Estonia.
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