1
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Sen S, Sultana N, Shaffer SA, Thompson PR. Proximity-Dependent Labeling of Cysteines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19257-19261. [PMID: 34762412 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mapping protein-protein interactions is crucial for understanding various signaling pathways in living cells, and developing new techniques for this purpose has attracted significant interest. Classic methods (e.g., the yeast two-hybrid) have been supplanted by more sophisticated chemical approaches that label proximal proteins (e.g., BioID, APEX). Herein we describe a proximity-based approach that uniquely labels cysteines. Our approach exploits the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT)-catalyzed methylation of an alkyne-substituted 4-chloropyridine (SS6). Upon methylation of the pyridinium nitrogen, this latent electrophile diffuses out of the active site and labels proximal proteins on short time scales (≤5 min). We validated this approach by identifying known (and novel) interacting partners of protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). To our knowledge, this technology uniquely exploits a suicide substrate to label proximal cysteines in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Nadia Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.,Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury,Massachusetts 01545, United States
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.,Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury,Massachusetts 01545, United States
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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2
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Parsons RB, Facey PD. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase: An Emerging Protagonist in Cancer Macro(r)evolution. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1418. [PMID: 34680055 PMCID: PMC8533529 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has progressed from being considered merely a Phase II metabolic enzyme to one with a central role in cell function and energy metabolism. Over the last three decades, a significant body of evidence has accumulated which clearly demonstrates a central role for NNMT in cancer survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting a role for NNMT in the progression of the cancer phenotype and how it achieves this by driving the activity of pro-oncogenic NAD+-consuming enzymes. We also describe how increased NNMT activity supports the Warburg effect and how it promotes oncogenic changes in gene expression. We discuss the regulation of NNMT activity in cancer cells by both post-translational modification of the enzyme and transcription factor binding to the NNMT gene, and describe for the first time three long non-coding RNAs which may play a role in the regulation of NNMT transcription. We complete the review by discussing the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics which target NNMT and provide insight into how NNMT-based therapies may be best employed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Paul D. Facey
- Singleton Park Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
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3
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Yilmaz S, Alkan T, Ballar Kirmizibayrak P. A new underlying mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of bosutinib: Reverting toxicity-induced PARylation in SIN1-mediated neurotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22915. [PMID: 34519134 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play an important role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The overproduction of these highly reactive chemical species leads to DNA damage and subsequent activation of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) enzyme. Several studies have demonstrated the potential use of PARP inhibitors for neuroprotection. We previously reported that the dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor bosutinib (BOS) decreases PARP activity and acts as a chemosensitizer in cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective potential of BOS with respect to its inhibitory effect on cellular poly(ADP-ribos)ylation (PARylation) using a 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN1)-mediated cellular toxicity model. Our data suggest that pretreatment with BOS, especially at lower doses, significantly decreased the level of SIN1-induced cellular PARylation. This regulation pattern of PARylation was found to be associated with the protective effect of BOS against SIN1 on the viability of retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, while PARP-1 expression was decreased, phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK was not reverted at the observed neuroprotective doses of BOS. In conclusion, we suggest a novel mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of BOS involving the inhibition of cellular PARylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Yilmaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alanya Aladdin Keykubat, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tolgaç Alkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Petek Ballar Kirmizibayrak
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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4
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The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081214. [PMID: 34439880 PMCID: PMC8393883 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the N-methylation reaction of nicotinamide, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. Enzyme overexpression has been described in many non-neoplastic diseases, as well as in a wide range of solid malignancies. This review aims to report and discuss evidence available in scientific literature, dealing with NNMT expression and the potential involvement in main urologic neoplasms, namely, renal, bladder and prostate cancers. Data illustrated in the cited studies clearly demonstrated NNMT upregulation (pathological vs. normal tissue) in association with these aforementioned tumors. In addition to this, enzyme levels were also found to correlate with key prognostic parameters and patient survival. Interestingly, NNMT overexpression also emerged in peripheral body fluids, such as blood and urine, thus leading to candidate the enzyme as promising biomarker for the early and non-invasive detection of these cancers. Examined results undoubtedly showed NNMT as having the capacity to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, as well as its potential participation in fundamental events highlighting cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In the light of this evidence, it is reasonable to attribute to NNMT a promising role as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of urologic neoplasms, as well as a molecular target for effective anti-cancer treatment.
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5
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Hayashi K, Uehara S, Yamamoto S, Cary DR, Nishikawa J, Ueda T, Ozasa H, Mihara K, Yoshimura N, Kawai T, Ono T, Yamamoto S, Fumoto M, Mikamiyama H. Macrocyclic Peptides as a Novel Class of NNMT Inhibitors: A SAR Study Aimed at Inhibitory Activity in the Cell. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1093-1101. [PMID: 34267879 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide, is a cytosolic enzyme that has attracted much attention as a therapeutic target for a variety of diseases. However, despite the considerable interest in this target, reports of NNMT inhibitors have still been limited to date. In this work, utilizing in vitro translated macrocyclic peptide libraries, we identified peptide 1 as a novel class of NNMT inhibitors. Further exploration based on the X-ray cocrystal structures of the peptides with NNMT provided a dramatic improvement in inhibitory activity (peptide 23: IC50 = 0.15 nM). Furthermore, by balance of the peptides' lipophilicity and biological activity, inhibitory activity against NNMT in cell-based assay was successfully achieved (peptide 26: cell-based IC50 = 770 nM). These findings illuminate the potential of cyclic peptides as a relatively new drug discovery modality even for intracellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Hayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shota Uehara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shiho Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Douglas R. Cary
- PeptiDream Inc., 3-25-23 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishikawa
- PeptiDream Inc., 3-25-23 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Taichi Ueda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozasa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kousuke Mihara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Norito Yoshimura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Taeko Kawai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Saki Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Masataka Fumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hidenori Mikamiyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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6
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Flores-León M, Alcaraz N, Pérez-Domínguez M, Torres-Arciga K, Rebollar-Vega R, De la Rosa-Velázquez IA, Arriaga-Canon C, Herrera LA, Arias C, González-Barrios R. Transcriptional Profiles Reveal Deregulation of Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Pathways in Neurons Exposed to Palmitic Acid. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4639-4651. [PMID: 34155583 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) have been studied to unravel the molecular pathways they are altering in order to understand the link between increased caloric intake, metabolic diseases, and the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), is the main component of HFD and it has been found increased in the circulation of obese and diabetic people. In the central nervous system, PA has been associated with inflammatory responses in astrocytes, but the effects on neurons exposed to it have not been largely investigated. Given that PA affects a variety of metabolic pathways, we aimed to analyze the transcriptomic profile activated by this fatty acid to shed light on the mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. In the current study, we profiled the transcriptome response after PA exposition at non-toxic doses in primary hippocampal neurons. Gene ontology and Reactome pathway analysis revealed a pattern of gene expression which is associated with inflammatory pathways, and importantly, with the activation of lipid metabolism that is considered not very active in neurons. Validation by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) of Hmgcs2, Angptl4, Ugt8, and Rnf145 support the results obtained by RNAseq. Overall, these findings suggest that neurons are able to respond to saturated fatty acids changing the expression pattern of genes associated with inflammatory response and lipid utilization that may be involved in the neuronal damage associated with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flores-León
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - N Alcaraz
- The Bioinformatics Centre. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, CP 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Pérez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - K Torres-Arciga
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Rebollar-Vega
- Genomics Laboratory, Red de Apoyo a La Investigación - CIC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, INMCNSZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I A De la Rosa-Velázquez
- Genomics Laboratory, Red de Apoyo a La Investigación - CIC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, INMCNSZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr 1, 85754, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L A Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, CP 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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Denofrio MP, Rasse-Suriani FAO, Paredes JM, Fassetta F, Crovetto L, Giron MD, Salto R, Epe B, Cabrerizo FM. N-Methyl-β-carboline alkaloids: structure-dependent photosensitizing properties and localization in subcellular domains. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6519-6530. [PMID: 32628228 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl-β-carboline (βC) alkaloids, including normelinonine F (1b) and melinonine F (2b), have been found in a vast range of living species playing different biological, biomedical and/or pharmacological roles. Despite this, molecular bases of the mechanisms through which these alkaloids would exert their effect still remain unknown. Fundamental aspects including the photosensitizing properties and intracellular internalization of a selected group of N-methyl-βC alkaloids were investigated herein. Data reveal that methylation of the βC main ring enhances its photosensitizing properties either by increasing its binding affinity with DNA as a biomolecular target and/or by increasing its oxidation potential, in a structure-dependent manner. As a general rule, N(9)-substituted βCs showed the highest photosensitizing efficiency. With the exception of 2-methyl-harminium, all the N-methyl-βCs investigated herein induce a similar DNA photodamage profile, dominated largely by oxidized purines. This fact represents a distinctive behavior when comparing with N-unsubstituted-βCs. On the other hand, although all the investigated compounds might accumulate mainly into the mitochondria of HeLa cells, methylation provides a distinctive dynamic pattern for mitochondrial uptake. While rapid (passive) diffusion is most probably reponsible for the prompt uptake/release of neutral βCs, an active transport appears to mediate the (reatively slow) uptake of the quaternary cationic βCs. This might be a consequence of a distinctive subcellular localization (mitochondrial membrane and/or matrix) or interaction with intracellular components. Biomedical and biotechnological implications are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Federico A O Rasse-Suriani
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina. and Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jose M Paredes
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Federico Fassetta
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Luis Crovetto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria D Giron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Salto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
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8
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Metabonomic study of the intervention effects of Parthenolide on anti-thyroid cancer activity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1150:122179. [PMID: 32506011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignant tumor in the world, and its incidence is increasing. Although the mortality rate of thyroid cancer is low, its persistence/recurrence rate is high. In addition, some patients with thyroid cancer fail to respond to radiation. Therefore, it is urgent need to develop a novel treatment for thyroid cancer. Parthenolide (PTL), a traditional Chinese medicine Tanacetum parthenium extract, has shown encouraging effects in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-malaria. However, it is unclear whether PTL has an anti-thyroid cancer effect and its possible mechanism of action. In the recent years, metabonomics has been widely used in tumors research to explore the pharmacological mechanism of drugs, but few studies used metabonomics to investigate the pharmacological effects of PTL in thyroid tumors. In order to comprehensively reveal the mechanism and effects of PTL on anti-thyroid tumors, metabonomics combined cell biological research methods were conducted. The results showed that PTL promote apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells (TPC-1) in a concentration-dependent manner. The metabolic differences between the PTL group and the control group were compared by metabonomics, and 31 potential metabolites were identified. These metabolites were mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, choline metabolism and lipid metabolism. These results implied that PTL may inhibit the proliferation and development of thyroid carcinoma by accelerating oxidation emergency response, inhibiting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and metabolic imbalance. The results of this study revealed that PTL can be an effective and potential drug for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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9
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Mistry RJ, Klamt F, Ramsden DB, Parsons RB. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells decreases oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22439. [PMID: 31909875 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) plays a central role in cellular metabolism, regulating pathways including epigenetic regulation, cell signalling, and energy production. Our previous studies have shown that the expression of NNMT in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y increased complex I activity and subsequent ATP synthesis. This increase in ATP synthesis was lower than the increase in complex I activity, suggesting uncoupling of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We, therefore, hypothesised that pathways that reduce oxidative stress are also increased in NNMT-expressing SH-Y5Y cells. The expression of uncoupling protein-2 messenger RNA and protein were significantly increased in NNMT-expressing cells (57% ± 5.2% and 20.1% ± 1.5%, respectively; P = .001 for both). Total GSH (22 ± 0.3 vs 35.6 ± 1.1 nmol/mg protein), free GSH (21.9 ± 0.2 vs 33.5 ± 1 nmol/mg protein), and GSSG (0.6 ± 0.02 vs 1 ± 0.05 nmol/mg protein; P = .001 for all) concentrations were significantly increased in NNMT-expressing cells, whereas the GSH:GSSG ratio was decreased (39.4 ± 1.8 vs 32.3 ± 2.5; P = .02). Finally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was decreased in NNMT-expressing cells (0.3 ± 0.08 vs 0.12 ± 0.03; P = .039), as was the concentration of 8-isoprostane F2α (200 ± 11.5 vs 45 ± 2.6 pg/mg protein; P = .0012). Taken together, these results suggest that NNMT expression reduced ROS generation and subsequent lipid peroxidation by uncoupling the mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing GSH buffering capacity, most likely to compensate for increased complex I activity and ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee J Mistry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Departmento de Bioqúimica, Instituto de Ciêcas Básicas de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - David B Ramsden
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard B Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Gao Y, van Haren MJ, Moret EE, Rood JJM, Sartini D, Salvucci A, Emanuelli M, Craveur P, Babault N, Jin J, Martin NI. Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT) with Enhanced Activity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6597-6614. [PMID: 31265285 PMCID: PMC6713424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide to form N-methylnicotinamide. Overexpression of NNMT is associated with a variety of diseases, including a number of cancers and metabolic disorders, suggesting a role for NNMT as a potential therapeutic target. By structural modification of a lead NNMT inhibitor previously developed in our group, we prepared a diverse library of inhibitors to probe the different regions of the enzyme's active site. This investigation revealed that incorporation of a naphthalene moiety, intended to bind the hydrophobic nicotinamide binding pocket via π-π stacking interactions, significantly increases the activity of bisubstrate-like NNMT inhibitors (half-maximal inhibitory concentration 1.41 μM). These findings are further supported by isothermal titration calorimetry binding assays as well as modeling studies. The most active NNMT inhibitor identified in the present study demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation of the HSC-2 human oral cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Gao
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden , Leiden University , Sylviusweg 72 , 2333 BE Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J van Haren
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden , Leiden University , Sylviusweg 72 , 2333 BE Leiden , The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences , Universitá Politecnica delle Marche , Via Ranieri 65 , 60131 Ancona , Italy
| | - Alessia Salvucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences , Universitá Politecnica delle Marche , Via Ranieri 65 , 60131 Ancona , Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences , Universitá Politecnica delle Marche , Via Ranieri 65 , 60131 Ancona , Italy
| | - Pierrick Craveur
- Synsight , Genopole Entreprises , 4 Rue Pierre Fontaine , 91000 Évry , France
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Synsight , Genopole Entreprises , 4 Rue Pierre Fontaine , 91000 Évry , France.,Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden , Leiden University , Sylviusweg 72 , 2333 BE Leiden , The Netherlands
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11
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Sen S, Mondal S, Zheng L, Salinger AJ, Fast W, Weerapana E, Thompson PR. Development of a Suicide Inhibition-Based Protein Labeling Strategy for Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:613-618. [PMID: 30933557 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methylation of nicotinamide to form N-methylnicotinamide. This enzyme detoxifies xenobiotics and regulates NAD+ biosynthesis. Additionally, NNMT is overexpressed in various cancers. Herein, we describe the first NNMT-targeted suicide substrates. These compounds, which include 4-chloropyridine and 4-chloronicotinamide, exploit the broad substrate scope of NNMT; methylation of the pyridine nitrogen enhances the electrophilicity of the C4 position, thereby promoting an aromatic nucleophilic substitution by C159, a noncatalytic cysteine. On the basis of this activity, we developed a suicide inhibition-based protein labeling strategy using an alkyne-substituted 4-chloropyridine that selectively labels NNMT in vitro and in cells. In total, this study describes the first NNMT-directed activity-based probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ari J. Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Walter Fast
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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12
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Ganzetti G, Sartini D, Campanati A, Rubini C, Molinelli E, Brisigotti V, Cecati M, Pozzi V, Campagna R, Offidani A, Emanuelli M. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase: potential involvement in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res 2018; 28:82-88. [PMID: 29420365 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the N-methylation of nicotinamide and pyridine compounds, participating in xenobiotic and drug metabolism. Data on literature have evidenced a possible role of NNMT in many solid cancers, but no data are currently available in cutaneous melanoma. Recent important advances have been achieved in the treatment of advanced melanoma with targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, the identification of biomarkers that can be used for the detection of early stage disease as well as for monitoring the therapeutic response during treatment is of utmost importance. The aim of this study was to study the possible role of NNMT in melanoma. In the present study, we carried out immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate the expression of the enzyme NNMT in 34 melanomas and 34 nevi. Moreover, we explored the relationship between NNMT levels and the prognostic parameters of patients with melanoma. The results obtained showed significantly (P<0.0001) higher NNMT expression in melanoma compared with that detected in nevi. In addition, a significant (P<0.05) inverse relationship was found between enzyme levels and Breslow thickness, Clark level, the presence/number of mitoses, and ulceration. Taken together, these data seem to suggest that NNMT could represent a molecular biomarker for melanoma, thus highlighting its potential for both diagnosis and prognosis of this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Corrado Rubini
- Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Pozzi
- Clinical and Stomatological Sciences
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Centre (NY-MaSBiC), New York City, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Monica Emanuelli
- Clinical and Stomatological Sciences
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Centre (NY-MaSBiC), New York City, New York, USA
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13
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van Haren MJ, Thomas MG, Sartini D, Barlow DJ, Ramsden DB, Emanuelli M, Klamt F, Martin NI, Parsons RB. The kinetic analysis of the N-methylation of 4-phenylpyridine by nicotinamide N-methyltransferase: Evidence for a novel mechanism of substrate inhibition. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 98:127-136. [PMID: 29549048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The N-methylation of 4-phenylpyridine produces the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). We investigated the kinetics of 4-phenylpyridine N-methylation by nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) and its effect upon 4-phenylpyridine toxicity in vitro. Human recombinant NNMT possessed 4-phenylpyridine N-methyltransferase activity, with a specific activity of 1.7 ± 0.03 nmol MPP+ produced/h/mg NNMT. Although the Km for 4-phenylpyridine was similar to that reported for nicotinamide, its kcat of 9.3 × 10-5 ± 2 × 10-5 s-1 and specificity constant, kcat/Km, of 0.8 ± 0.8 s-1 M-1 were less than 0.15% of the respective values for nicotinamide, demonstrating that 4-phenylpyridine is a poor substrate for NNMT. At low (<2.5 mM) substrate concentration, 4-phenylpyridine N-methylation was competitively inhibited by dimethylsulphoxide, with a Ki of 34 ± 8 mM. At high (>2.5 mM) substrate concentration, enzyme activity followed substrate inhibition kinetics, with a Ki of 4 ± 1 mM. In silico molecular docking suggested that 4-phenylpyridine binds to the active site of NNMT in two non-redundant poses, one a substrate binding mode and the other an inhibitory mode. Finally, the expression of NNMT in the SH-SY5Y cell-line had no effect cell death, viability, ATP content or mitochondrial membrane potential. These data demonstrate that 4-phenylpyridine N-methylation by NNMT is unlikely to serve as a source of MPP+. The possibility for competitive inhibition by dimethylsulphoxide should be considered in NNMT-based drug discovery studies. The potential for 4-phenylpyridine to bind to the active site in two binding orientations using the same active site residues is a novel mechanism of substrate inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs J van Haren
- Utrecht University, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin G Thomas
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Davide Sartini
- Universitá Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ancona, Italy
| | - David J Barlow
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - David B Ramsden
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Universitá Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciêncas Básicas de Saúde, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS 90035 003, Brazil
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Utrecht University, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard B Parsons
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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14
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van Haren MJ, Taig R, Kuppens J, Sastre Toraño J, Moret EE, Parsons RB, Sartini D, Emanuelli M, Martin NI. Inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase designed to mimic the methylation reaction transition state. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6656-6667. [PMID: 28758655 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is an enzyme that catalyses the methylation of nicotinamide to form N'-methylnicotinamide. Both NNMT and its methylated product have recently been linked to a variety of diseases, suggesting a role for the enzyme as a therapeutic target beyond its previously ascribed metabolic function in detoxification. We here describe the systematic development of NNMT inhibitors derived from the structures of the substrates involved in the methylation reaction. By covalently linking fragments of the NNMT substrates a diverse library of bisubstrate-like compounds was prepared. The ability of these compounds to inhibit NNMT was evaluated providing valuable insights into the structural tolerances of the enzyme active site. These studies led to the identification of new NNMT inhibitors that mimic the transition state of the methylation reaction and inhibit the enzyme with activity on par with established methyltransferase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs J van Haren
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Rasse-Suriani FAO, García-Einschlag FS, Rafti M, Schmidt De León T, David Gara PM, Erra-Balsells R, Cabrerizo FM. Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Naturally Occurring nor
melinonine F and Melinonine F Alkaloids and Structurally Related N(2)- and/or N(9)-methyl-β
-carboline Derivatives. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 94:36-51. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico A. O. Rasse-Suriani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Chascomús Argentina
- INIFTA - CONICET; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | | | - Matías Rafti
- INIFTA - CONICET; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - Tobías Schmidt De León
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR - CONICET); Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pedro M. David Gara
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CIOP - CONICET - CIC); Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR - CONICET); Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Chascomús Argentina
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16
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Ramsden DB, Waring RH, Barlow DJ, Parsons RB. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Health and Cancer. Int J Tryptophan Res 2017; 10:1178646917691739. [PMID: 35185340 PMCID: PMC8851132 DOI: 10.1177/1178646917691739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the roles of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and its product 1-methyl nicotinamide have emerged from playing merely minor roles in phase 2 xenobiotic metabolism as actors in some of the most important scenes of human life. In this review, the structures of the gene, messenger RNA, and protein are discussed, together with the role of the enzyme in many of the common cancers that afflict people today.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Ramsden
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David J Barlow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Richard B Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
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