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Ang WF, Liao D, Koh CY, Kini RM. Unveiling the potential role of natriuretic peptide receptor a isoforms in fine-tuning the cGMP production and tissue-specific function. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20439. [PMID: 37993528 PMCID: PMC10665444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a peptide hormone that regulates blood pressure and volume. ANP interacts with natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) to lower the blood pressure through vasodilation, diuresis and natriuresis. Previously, we designed two human ANP analogues, one with exclusively diuretic function (DGD-ANP) and the other with exclusively vasodilatory function (DRD-ANP). Although both ANP analogues interact with NPR-A, their ability to produce cGMP was different. Three alternatively spliced isoforms of NPR-A were previously identified in rodents. Here, we evaluated the putative human isoforms for their cGMP production independently and in combination with WT NPR-A in various percentages. All three NPR-A isoforms failed to produce cGMP in the presence of ANP, DGD-ANP, or DRD-ANP. Co-expression of isoforms with WT NPR-A were found to significantly impair cGMP production. Considering the differential tissue expression levels of all three spliced isoforms in rodents have previously been demonstrated, the existence of these non-functional receptor isoforms may act as negative regulator for ANP/NPR-A activation and fine-tune cGMP production by WT NPR-A to different degree in different tissues. Thus, NPR-A isoforms potentially contribute to tissue-specific functions of ANP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fong Ang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Cho Yeow Koh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117559, Singapore.
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Vink S, Akondi KB, Jin J, Poth K, Torres AM, Kuchel PW, Burke SL, Head GA, Alewood PF. Taipan Natriuretic Peptides Are Potent and Selective Agonists for the Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073063. [PMID: 37049825 PMCID: PMC10095932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular ailments are a major cause of mortality where over 1.3 billion people suffer from hypertension leading to heart-disease related deaths. Snake venoms possess a broad repertoire of natriuretic peptides with therapeutic potential for treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, and related cardiovascular disease. We now describe several taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) natriuretic peptides TNPa-e which stimulated cGMP production through the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) with higher potencies for the rat NPR-A (rNPR-A) over human NPR-A (hNPR-A). TNPc and TNPd were the most potent, demonstrating 100- and 560-fold selectivity for rNPR-A over hNPR-A. In vivo studies found that TNPc decreased diastolic and systolic blood pressure (BP) and increased heart rate (HR) in conscious normotensive rabbits, to a level that was similar to that of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP). TNPc also enhanced the bradycardia due to cardiac afferent stimulation (Bezold-Jarisch reflex). This indicated that TNPc possesses the ability to lower blood pressure and facilitate cardiac vagal afferent reflexes but unlike hANP does not produce tachycardia. The 3-dimensional structure of TNPc was well defined within the pharmacophoric disulfide ring, displaying two turn-like regions (RMSD = 1.15 Å). Further, its much greater biological stability together with its selectivity and potency will enhance its usefulness as a biological tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Vink
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Kalyana Bharati Akondi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Jin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Kim Poth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Allan M Torres
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2759, Australia
| | - Philip W Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sandra L Burke
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
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Ang WF, Koh CY, Kini RM. From Snake Venoms to Therapeutics: A Focus on Natriuretic Peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091153. [PMID: 36145374 PMCID: PMC9502559 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom is a cocktail of multifunctional biomolecules that has evolved with the purpose of capturing prey and for defense. These biomolecules are classified into different classes based on their functions. They include three-finger toxins, natriuretic peptides, phospholipases and metalloproteinases. The focus for this review is on the natriuretic peptide (NP), which is an active component that can be isolated from the venoms of vipers and mambas. In these venoms, NPs contribute to the lowering of blood pressure, causing a rapid loss of consciousness in the prey such that its mobility is reduced, paralyzing the prey, and often death follows. Over the past 30 years since the discovery of the first NP in the venom of the green mamba, venom NPs have shown potential in the development of drug therapy for heart failure. Venom NPs have long half-lives, different pharmacological profiles, and may also possess different functions in comparison to the mammalian NPs. Understanding their mechanisms of action provides the strategies needed to develop new NPs for treatment of heart failure. This review summarizes the venom NPs that have been identified over the years and how they can be useful in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fong Ang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Cho Yeow Koh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
- Correspondence: (C.Y.K.); (R.M.K.); Tel.: +65-6601-1387 (C.Y.K.); +65-6516-5235 (R.M.K.)
| | - R. Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA
- Correspondence: (C.Y.K.); (R.M.K.); Tel.: +65-6601-1387 (C.Y.K.); +65-6516-5235 (R.M.K.)
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Kini RM. Toxinology provides multidirectional and multidimensional opportunities: A personal perspective. Toxicon X 2020; 6:100039. [PMID: 32550594 PMCID: PMC7285919 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, toxins have evolved as weapons to capture and subdue the prey or to counter predators or competitors. When they are inadvertently injected into humans, they cause symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to debilitation and death. Toxinology is the science of studying venoms and toxins that are produced by a wide variety of organisms. In the past, the structure, function and mechanisms of most abundant and/or most toxic components were characterized to understand and to develop strategies to neutralize their toxicity. With recent technical advances, we are able to evaluate and determine the toxin profiles using transcriptomes of venom glands and proteomes of tiny amounts of venom. Enormous amounts of data from these studies have opened tremendous opportunities in many directions of basic and applied research. The lower costs for profiling venoms will further fuel the expansion of toxin database, which in turn will provide greater exciting and bright opportunities in toxin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Manjunatha Kini
- Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Rademaker MT, Scott NJA, Koh CY, Kini RM, Richards AM. Natriuretic peptide analogues with distinct vasodilatory or renal activity: integrated effects in health and experimental heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:508-519. [PMID: 32167565 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Management of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) requires disparate treatments depending on the state of systemic/peripheral perfusion and the presence/absence of expanded body-fluid volumes. There is an unmet need for therapeutics that differentially treat each aspect. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays an important role in blood pressure and volume regulation. We investigate for the first time the integrated haemodynamic, endocrine and renal effects of human ANP analogues, modified for exclusive vasodilatory (ANP-DRD) or diuretic (ANP-DGD) activities, in normal health and experimental ADHF. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the effects of incremental infusions of ANP analogues ANP-DRD and ANP-DGD with native ANP, in normal (n = 8) and ADHF (n = 8) sheep. ANP-DRD administration increased plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in association with dose-dependent reductions in arterial pressure in normal and heart failure (HF) sheep similarly to ANP responses. In contrast to ANP, which in HF produced a diuresis/natriuresis, this analogue was without significant renal effect. Conversely, ANP-DGD induced marked stepwise increases in urinary cGMP, urine volume, and sodium excretion in HF comparable to ANP, but without accompanying vasodilatory effects. All peptides increased packed cell volume relative to control in both states, and in HF, decreased left atrial pressure. In response to ANP-DRD-induced blood pressure reductions, plasma renin activity rose compared to control only during the high dose in normals, and not at all in HF-suggesting relative renin inhibition, with no increase in aldosterone in either state, whereas renin and aldosterone were both significantly reduced by ANP-DGD in HF. CONCLUSION These ANP analogues exhibit distinct vasodilatory (ANP-DRD) and diuretic/natriuretic (ANP-DGD) activities, and therefore have the potential to provide precision therapy for ADHF patients with differing pathophysiological derangement of pressure-volume homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam T Rademaker
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago-Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Nicola J A Scott
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago-Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Cho Yeow Koh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - A Mark Richards
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago-Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Centre for Translational Medicine, Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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Sridharan S, Kini RM, Richards AM. Venom natriuretic peptides guide the design of heart failure therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104687. [PMID: 32057893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) affects over 26 million people world-wide. It is a syndrome triggered by loss of normal cardiac function due to many acute (eg myocardial infarction) and/or chronic (eg hypertension) causes and characterized by mixed beneficial and deleterious activation of a complex of multifaceted neurohormonal systems the net effect of which frequently is further adverse disruption of pressure-volume homeostasis. Unlike the situation in chronic heart failure, current strategies for treatment of acute heart failure are empirical and lack a strong evidence base. Management includes any of a combination of vasodilators, diuretics and ionotropic agents depending on the hemodynamic profile of the patient. Despite the improvement in the options available to improve outcomes in patients with chronic HF, for several decades little gain has been made in the treatment of the acute decompensated state. Morbidity and mortality rates remain high necessitating new therapeutic agents. The cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) are key hormones in pressure-volume homoeostasis. There are three isoforms of mammalian NPs, namely ANP, BNP and CNP. These peptides bind to membrane-bound NP receptors (NPRs) on the heart, vasculature and kidney to lower blood pressure and circulating volume. Intravenous infusion of NPs in HF patients improves hemodynamic status but is associated with occasional severe hypotension. Apart from mammalian NPs, snake venom NPs are an excellent source of pharmacologically distinct ligands that offer the possibility of engineering NPs for therapeutic purposes. Venom NPs have long half-lives, differential NPR activation profiles and varied NPR specificity. The scaffolds of venom NPs encode the molecular information for designing NPs with longer half-lives and improved and differential vascular and renal functions. This review focuses on the structure-function paradigm of mammalian and venom NPs and the different peptide engineering strategies that have been utilized in the design of clinically relevant new NP-analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhuja Sridharan
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiac Department, National University Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, NZ, United States.
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Modahl CM, Brahma RK, Koh CY, Shioi N, Kini RM. Omics Technologies for Profiling Toxin Diversity and Evolution in Snake Venom: Impacts on the Discovery of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 8:91-116. [PMID: 31702940 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms are primarily composed of proteins and peptides, and these toxins have developed high selectivity to their biological targets. This makes venoms interesting for exploration into protein evolution and structure-function relationships. A single venom protein superfamily can exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects; these variations in activity originate from differences in functional sites, domains, posttranslational modifications, and the formations of toxin complexes. In this review, we discuss examples of how the major venom protein superfamilies have diversified, as well as how newer technologies in the omics fields, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, can be used to characterize both known and unknown toxins.Because toxins are bioactive molecules with a rich diversity of activities, they can be useful as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and successful examples of toxin applications in these areas are also reviewed. With the current rapid pace of technology, snake venom research and its applications will only continue to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Modahl
- Protein Science Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; , ,
| | - Rajeev Kungur Brahma
- Protein Science Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; , ,
| | - Cho Yeow Koh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077;
| | - Narumi Shioi
- Protein Science Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; , , .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- Protein Science Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; , ,
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Koh CY, Kini RM. Exogenous Factors from Venomous and Hematophagous Animals in Drugs and Diagnostic Developments for Cardiovascular and Neurovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:90-94. [PMID: 31385761 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x1902190619123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cho Yeow Koh
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Munawar A, Ali SA, Akrem A, Betzel C. Snake Venom Peptides: Tools of Biodiscovery. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110474. [PMID: 30441876 PMCID: PMC6266942 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature endowed snakes with a lethal secretion known as venom, which has been fine-tuned over millions of years of evolution. Snakes utilize venom to subdue their prey and to survive in their natural habitat. Venom is known to be a very poisonous mixture, consisting of a variety of molecules, such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, amino acids, lipids, proteins and peptides. Proteins and peptides are the major constituents of the dry weight of snake venoms and are of main interest for scientific investigations as well as for various pharmacological applications. Snake venoms contain enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins and peptides, which are grouped into different families based on their structure and function. Members of a single family display significant similarities in their primary, secondary and tertiary structures, but in many cases have distinct pharmacological functions and different bioactivities. The functional specificity of peptides belonging to the same family can be attributed to subtle variations in their amino acid sequences. Currently, complementary tools and techniques are utilized to isolate and characterize the peptides, and study their potential applications as molecular probes, and possible templates for drug discovery and design investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- H.E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Akrem
- Botany Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Christian Betzel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, DESY, Build. 22a, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany.
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