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Xie Y, Ella KM, Gibbs TC, Yohannan ME, Knoepp SM, Balijepalli P, Meier GP, Meier KE. Characterization of Lysophospholipase D Activity in Mammalian Cell Membranes. Cells 2024; 13:520. [PMID: 38534364 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that binds to G-protein-coupled receptors, eliciting a wide variety of responses in mammalian cells. Lyso-phospholipids generated via phospholipase A2 (PLA2) can be converted to LPA by a lysophospholipase D (lyso-PLD). Secreted lyso-PLDs have been studied in more detail than membrane-localized lyso-PLDs. This study utilized in vitro enzyme assays with fluorescent substrates to examine LPA generation in membranes from multiple mammalian cell lines (PC12, rat pheochromocytoma; A7r5, rat vascular smooth muscle; Rat-1, rat fibroblast; PC-3, human prostate carcinoma; and SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3, human ovarian carcinoma). The results show that membranes contain a lyso-PLD activity that generates LPA from a fluorescent alkyl-lyso-phosphatidylcholine, as well as from naturally occurring acyl-linked lysophospholipids. Membrane lyso-PLD and PLD activities were distinguished by multiple criteria, including lack of effect of PLD2 over-expression on lyso-PLD activity and differential sensitivities to vanadate (PLD inhibitor) and iodate (lyso-PLD inhibitor). Based on several lines of evidence, including siRNA knockdown, membrane lyso-PLD is distinct from autotaxin, a secreted lyso-PLD. PC-3 cells express GDE4 and GDE7, recently described lyso-PLDs that localize to membranes. These findings demonstrate that membrane-associated lyso-D activity, expressed by multiple mammalian cell lines, can contribute to LPA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Xie
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Krishna M Ella
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Terra C Gibbs
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Marianne E Yohannan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Stewart M Knoepp
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Pravita Balijepalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - G Patrick Meier
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kathryn E Meier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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Kimura T, Kimura AK, Epand RM. Systematic crosstalk in plasmalogen and diacyl lipid biosynthesis for their differential yet concerted molecular functions in the cell. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101234. [PMID: 37169310 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogen is a major phospholipid of mammalian cell membranes. Recently it is becoming evident that the sn-1 vinyl-ether linkage in plasmalogen, contrasting to the ester linkage in the counterpart diacyl glycerophospholipid, yields differential molecular characteristics for these lipids especially related to hydrocarbon-chain order, so as to concertedly regulate biological membrane processes. A role played by NMR in gaining information in this respect, ranging from molecular to tissue levels, draws particular attention. We note here that a broad range of enzymes in de novo synthesis pathway of plasmalogen commonly constitute that of diacyl glycerophospholipid. This fact forms the basis for systematic crosstalk that not only controls a quantitative balance between these lipids, but also senses a defect causing loss of lipid in either pathway for compensation by increase of the counterpart lipid. However, this inherent counterbalancing mechanism paradoxically amplifies imbalance in differential effects of these lipids in a diseased state on membrane processes. While sharing of enzymes has been recognized, it is now possible to overview the crosstalk with growing information for specific enzymes involved. The overview provides a fundamental clue to consider cell and tissue type-dependent schemes in regulating membrane processes by plasmalogen and diacyl glycerophospholipid in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
| | - Atsuko K Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Subramanian C, Yun MK, Frank MM, Rock CO. Lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) phospholipase D maintains membrane homeostasis in Staphylococcus aureus by converting LPG to lysophosphatidic acid. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104863. [PMID: 37236358 PMCID: PMC10404611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are deacylated derivatives of their bilayer forming phospholipid counterparts that are present at low concentrations in cells. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the principal membrane phospholipid in Staphylococcus aureus and lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) is detected in low abundance. Here, we used a mass spectrometry screen to identify locus SAUSA300_1020 as the gene responsible for maintaining low concentrations of 1-acyl-LPG in S. aureus. The SAUSA300_1020 gene encodes a protein with a predicted amino terminal transmembrane α-helix attached to a globular glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD) domain. We determined that the purified protein lacking the hydrophobic helix (LpgDΔN) possesses cation-dependent lysophosphatidylglycerol phospholipase D activity that generates both lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and cyclic-LPA products and hydrolyzes cyclic-LPA to LPA. Mn2+ was the highest affinity cation and stabilized LpgDΔN to thermal denaturation. LpgDΔN was not specific for the phospholipid headgroup and degraded 1-acyl-LPG, but not 2-acyl-LPG. Furthermore, a 2.1 Å crystal structure shows that LpgDΔN adopts the GDPD variation of the TIM barrel architecture except for the length and positioning of helix α6 and sheet β7. These alterations create a hydrophobic diffusion path for LPG to access the active site. The LpgD active site has the canonical GDPD metal binding and catalytic residues, and our biochemical characterization of site-directed mutants support a two-step mechanism involving a cyclic-LPA intermediate. Thus, the physiological function of LpgD in S. aureus is to convert LPG to LPA, which is re-cycled into the PG biosynthetic pathway at the LPA acyltransferase step to maintain membrane PG molecular species homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mi-Kyung Yun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew M Frank
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Kitakaze K, Ali H, Kimoto R, Takenouchi Y, Ishimaru H, Yamashita A, Ueda N, Tanaka T, Okamoto Y, Tsuboi K. GDE7 produces cyclic phosphatidic acid in the ER lumen functioning as a lysophospholipid mediator. Commun Biol 2023; 6:524. [PMID: 37193762 PMCID: PMC10188492 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a lipid mediator, which regulates adipogenic differentiation and glucose homeostasis by suppressing nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Glycerophosphodiesterase 7 (GDE7) is a Ca2+-dependent lysophospholipase D that localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum. Although mouse GDE7 catalyzes cPA production in a cell-free system, it is unknown whether GDE7 generates cPA in living cells. Here, we demonstrate that human GDE7 possesses cPA-producing activity in living cells as well as in a cell-free system. Furthermore, the active site of human GDE7 is directed towards the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutagenesis revealed that amino acid residues F227 and Y238 are important for catalytic activity. GDE7 suppresses the PPARγ pathway in human mammary MCF-7 and mouse preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that cPA functions as an intracellular lipid mediator. These findings lead to a better understanding of the biological role of GDE7 and its product, cPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kitakaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Raiki Kimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
- Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takenouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ishimaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
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The rise and fall of anandamide: processes that control synthesis, degradation, and storage. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2753-2775. [PMID: 33713246 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide is an endocannabinoid derived from arachidonic acid-containing membrane lipids and has numerous biological functions. Its effects are primarily mediated by the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and the vanilloid TRPV1 receptor. Anandamide is known to be involved in sleeping and eating patterns as well as pleasure enhancement and pain relief. This manuscript provides a review of anandamide synthesis, degradation, and storage and hence the homeostasis of the anandamide signaling system.
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Briand-Mésange F, Pons V, Allart S, Masquelier J, Chicanne G, Beton N, Payrastre B, Muccioli GG, Ausseil J, Davignon JL, Salles JP, Chap H. Glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3) is a lysophosphatidylinositol-specific ectophospholipase C acting as an endocannabinoid signaling switch. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15767-15781. [PMID: 32917725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid signaling plays a regulatory role in various (neuro)biological functions. 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid, and although its canonical biosynthetic pathway involving phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase α is known, alternative pathways remain unsettled. Here, we characterize a noncanonical pathway implicating glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3, from GDPD2 gene). Human GDE3 expressed in HEK293T cell membranes catalyzed the conversion of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) into monoacylglycerol and inositol-1-phosphate. The enzyme was equally active against 1-acyl and 2-acyl LPI. When using 2-acyl LPI, where arachidonic acid is the predominant fatty acid, LC-MS analysis identified 2-AG as the main product of LPI hydrolysis by GDE3. Furthermore, inositol-1-phosphate release into the medium occurred upon addition of LPI to intact cells, suggesting that GDE3 is actually an ecto-lysophospholipase C. In cells expressing G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55, GDE3 abolished 1-acyl LPI-induced signaling. In contrast, upon simultaneous ex-pression of GDE3 and cannabinoid receptor CB2, 2-acyl LPI evoked the same signal as that induced by 2-AG. These data strongly suggest that, in addition to degrading the GPR55 LPI ligand, GDE3 can act as a switch between GPR55 and CB2 signaling. Coincident with a major expression of both GDE3 and CB2 in the spleen, spleens from transgenic mice lacking GDE3 displayed doubling of LPI content compared with WT mice. Decreased production of 2-AG in whole spleen was also observed, supporting the in vivo relevance of our findings. These data thus open a new research avenue in the field of endocannabinoid generation and reinforce the view of GPR55 and LPI being genuine actors of the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Briand-Mésange
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Pons
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Masquelier
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Beton
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davignon
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Hugues Chap
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
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