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Akimoto M, Yamamoto Y, Watanabe S, Yamaga H, Yoshida K, Wakabayashi K, Tahara Y, Horie N, Fujimoto K, Kusakari K, Kamiya K, Kojima K, Kawakami T, Kojima H, Ono A, Kasahara T, Fujita M. Oxidation of a cysteine-derived nucleophilic reagent by dimethyl sulfoxide in the amino acid derivative reactivity assay. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:843-854. [PMID: 32052484 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid derivative reactivity assay (ADRA), which is an in chemico alternative to the use of animals in testing for skin sensitization potential, offers significant advantages over the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) in that it utilizes nucleophilic reagents that are sensitive enough to be used with test chemical solutions prepared to concentrations of 1 mm, which is one-hundredth that of DPRA. ADRA testing of hydrophobic or other poorly soluble compounds requires that they be dissolved in a solvent consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile. DMSO is known to promote dimerization by oxidizing thiols, which then form disulfide bonds. We investigated the extent to which DMSO oxidizes the cysteine-derived nucleophilic reagents used in both DPRA and ADRA and found that oxidation of both N-(2-(1-naphthyl)acetyl)-l-cysteine (NAC) and cysteine peptide increases as the concentration of DMSO increases, thereby lowering the concentration of the nucleophilic reagent. We also found that use of a solvent consisting of 5% DMSO in acetonitrile consistently lowered NAC concentrations by about 0.4 μm relative to the use of solvents containing no DMSO. We also tested nine sensitizers and four nonsensitizers having different sensitization potencies to compare NAC depletion with and without 5% DMSO and found that reactivity was about the same with either solvent. Based on the above, we conclude that the use of a solvent containing 5% DMSO has no effect on the accuracy of ADRA test results. We plan to review and propose revisions to OECD Test Guideline 442C based on the above investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Akimoto
- Fujifilm Corporation, Safety Evaluation Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Fujifilm Corporation, Safety Evaluation Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Watanabe
- Lion Corporation, Safety Science Research Laboratory, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaga
- Lion Corporation, Safety Science Research Laboratory, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kousuke Yoshida
- Lion Corporation, Safety Science Research Laboratory, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yu Tahara
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Chemical Safety Department, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horie
- Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd. Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd. Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kusakari
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Biological Research Laboratories, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamiya
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Biological Research Laboratories, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kojima
- Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Biological Safety Research Center, Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaharu Fujita
- Fujifilm Corporation, Safety Evaluation Center, Kanagawa, Japan
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Fujita M, Yamamoto Y, Watanabe S, Sugawara T, Wakabayashi K, Tahara Y, Horie N, Fujimoto K, Kusakari K, Kurokawa Y, Kawakami T, Kojima K, Kojima H, Ono A, Katsuoka Y, Tanabe H, Yokoyama H, Kasahara T. Cause of and countermeasures for oxidation of the cysteine-derived reagent used in the amino acid derivative reactivity assay. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:191-208. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Fujita
- Fujifilm Corporation, Safety Evaluation Centre; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Fujifilm Corporation, Safety Evaluation Centre; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shinichi Watanabe
- Lion Corporation, Human & Environmental Safety Evaluation Center; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tsunetsugu Sugawara
- Lion Corporation, Human & Environmental Safety Evaluation Center; Kanagawa Japan
| | | | - Yu Tahara
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; Chemical Safety Department; Chiba Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horie
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.; Environmental Health Science Laboratory; Osaka Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.; Environmental Health Science Laboratory; Osaka Japan
| | - Kei Kusakari
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Biological Research Laboratories; Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kurokawa
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Biological Research Laboratories; Saitama Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawakami
- National Institute of Health Sciences; Division of Environmental Chemistry; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kohichi Kojima
- Food and Drug Safety Center; Hatano Research Institute; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- National Institute of Health Sciences; Biological Safety Research Center, Division of Risk Assessment; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | | | - Hideto Tanabe
- Fujifilm Corporation, Research & Development Management Headquarters; Analysis Technology Center; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokoyama
- Fujifilm Corporation, Research & Development Management Headquarters; Analysis Technology Center; Kanagawa Japan
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Areias MCC, Shimizu K, Compton RG. Voltammetric detection of glutathione: an adsorptive stripping voltammetry approach. Analyst 2016; 141:2904-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00550k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High sensitive detection of glutathione in presence of copper(ii) ions by cyclic voltammetry using a bare glassy carbon electrode is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena C. C. Areias
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
- Brazil - CEP 50.740-560
| | - Kenichi Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford
- UK
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Abstract
1. The globin prepared from hemoglobin by the acid acetone method is denatured globin.
2. The denaturation and coagulation of globin by acid acetone are reversible.
3. Soluble globin can be obtained from the acid acetone globin even if the globin is first precipitated by trichloracetic acid or heated to 100°C.
4. Hill and Holden's theory that they separated native globin from hemoglobin without any intermediate denaturation is not proven by their experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Anson
- Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. J., and the Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York
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5
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Hopkins FG, Morgan EJ. Some relations between ascorbic acid and glutathione. Biochem J 2006; 30:1446-62. [PMID: 16746177 PMCID: PMC1263204 DOI: 10.1042/bj0301446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Meldrum NU, Tarr HL. The reduction of glutathione by the Warburg-Christian system. Biochem J 2006; 29:108-15. [PMID: 16745637 PMCID: PMC1266463 DOI: 10.1042/bj0290108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ogston FJ, Green DE. The mechanism of the reaction of substrates with molecular oxygen. I. Biochem J 2006; 29:1983-2004. [PMID: 16745867 PMCID: PMC1266711 DOI: 10.1042/bj0291983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pirie NW. The oxidation of sulphydryl compounds by hydrogen peroxide: Catalysis of oxidation of cysteine and glutathione by iron and copper. Biochem J 2006; 25:1565-79. [PMID: 16744723 PMCID: PMC1260785 DOI: 10.1042/bj0251565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N W Pirie
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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Schöberl A. Cystein und Glutathion als Antikatalysatoren bei Oxydationen mit molekularem Sauerstoff. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19310640310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Munday R. Bioactivation of thiols by one-electron oxidation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1994; 27:237-70. [PMID: 8068555 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)61035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Munday
- Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Ziegenhagen AJ, Ames SR, Elvehjem C. ENZYMATIC OXIDATION AND HYDROLYSIS OF GLUTATHIONE BY DIFFERENT TISSUES. J Biol Chem 1947. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Andrews JC, Andrews KC. SUBSTANCES WHICH INHIBIT COLOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE SULLIVAN METHOD FOR CYSTINE. J Biol Chem 1937. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)74465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Schultze M, Elvehjem C, Hart E. STUDIES ON THE COPPER CONTENT OF THE BLOOD IN NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA. J Biol Chem 1936. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)74668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Korr IM. An electrometric study of the reducing intensity of luminous bacteria in the presence of agents affecting oxidations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1935. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1030060203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nightingale GT, Schermerhorn LG, Robbins WR. EFFECTS OF SULPHUR DEFICIENCY ON METABOLISM IN TOMATO. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1932; 7:565-95. [PMID: 16652796 PMCID: PMC440174 DOI: 10.1104/pp.7.4.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G T Nightingale
- New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Voegtlin C, Johnson J, Rosenthal SM. THE OXIDATION CATALYSIS OF CRYSTALLINE GLUTATHIONE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO COPPER. J Biol Chem 1931. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)76452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Public Health Weekly Reports for SEPTEMBER 18, 1931. PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1896) 1931; 46:2223-2289. [PMID: 19315313 PMCID: PMC1996656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Public Health Weekly Reports for MARCH 6, 1931. PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1896) 1931; 46:515-571. [PMID: 19315285 PMCID: PMC1996572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Public Health Weekly Reports for FEBRUARY 20, 1931. PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1896) 1931; 46:387-461. [PMID: 19315283 PMCID: PMC1996569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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