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Corfield MC, Fletcher JC, Robson A. Amino acid sequences of peptides from a tryptic digest of a urea-soluble protein fraction (U.S.3) from oxidized wool. Biochem J 2010; 102:801-14. [PMID: 16742497 PMCID: PMC1270331 DOI: 10.1042/bj1020801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1. A tryptic digest of the protein fraction U.S.3 from oxidized wool has been separated into 32 peptide fractions by cation-exchange resin chromatography. 2. Most of these fractions have been resolved into their component peptides by a combination of the techniques of cation-exchange resin chromatography, paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis. 3. The amino acid compositions of 58 of the peptides in the digest present in the largest amounts have been determined. 4. The amino acid sequences of 38 of these have been completely elucidated and those of six others partially derived. 5. These findings indicate that the parent protein in wool from which the protein fraction U.S.3 is derived has a minimum molecular weight of 74000. 6. The structures of wool proteins are discussed in the light of the peptide sequences determined, and, in particular, of those sequences in fraction U.S.3 that could not be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Corfield
- Wool Industries Research Association, Torridon, Headingley Lane, Leeds 6
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Chiang HHH. The laboratory technology of discrete molecular separation: the historical development of gel electrophoresis and the material epistemology of biomolecular science, 1945-1970. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 2009; 42:495-527. [PMID: 20027785 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-008-9169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Preparative and analytical methods developed by separation scientists have played an important role in the history of molecular biology. One such early method is gel electrophoresis, a technique that uses various types of gel as its supporting medium to separate charged molecules based on size and other properties. Historians of science, however, have only recently begun to pay closer attention to this material epistemological dimension of biomolecular science. This paper substantiates the historiographical thread that explores the relationship between modern laboratory practice and the production of scientific knowledge. It traces the historical development of gel electrophoresis from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s, with careful attention to the interplay between technical developments and disciplinary shifts, especially the rise of molecular biology in this time-frame. Claiming that the early 1950s marked a decisive shift in the evolution of electrophoretic methods from moving boundary to zone electrophoresis, I reconstruct various trajectories in which scientists such as Oliver Smithies sought out the most desirable solid supporting medium for electrophoretic instrumentation. Biomolecular knowledge, I argue, emerged in part from this process of seeking the most appropriate supporting medium that allowed for discrete molecular separation and visualization. The early 1950s, therefore, marked not only an important turning point in the history of separation science, but also a transformative moment in the history of the life sciences as the growth of molecular biology depended in part on the epistemological access to the molecular realm available through these evolving technologies.
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CONSDEN R, STANIER WM. Ionophoresis of sugars on paper and some applications to the analysis of protein polysaccharide complexes. Nature 2004; 169:783-5. [PMID: 14941043 DOI: 10.1038/169783a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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GALE EF, VAN HALTEREN MB. The assimilation of amino-acids by bacteria. XIII. The effect of certain amino-acids on the accumulation of free glutamic acid by Staphylococcus aureus; extracellular peptide formation. Biochem J 2004; 50:34-43. [PMID: 14904370 PMCID: PMC1197603 DOI: 10.1042/bj0500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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BLACKBURN S, LOWTHER AG. The action of organic acids on some fibrous proteins: the oxidation of wool keratin. Biochem J 2004; 49:554-9. [PMID: 14886324 PMCID: PMC1197549 DOI: 10.1042/bj0490554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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ALEXANDER P, FOX M, HUDSON RF. The reaction of oxidizing agents with wool. 5. The oxidation products of the disulphide bond and the formation of a sulphonamide in the peptide chain. Biochem J 2004; 49:129-38. [PMID: 14858297 PMCID: PMC1197471 DOI: 10.1042/bj0490129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hubbuch A, Danho W, Zahn H. Synthese N-geschützter Cysteinsäurederivate und ihrer aktivierten Ester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197919790607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aggarwal SJ, Mandy WJ. Lagomorph IgG hinge region: allotype associated amino acid sequence variations. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1976; 13:215-20. [PMID: 776817 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(76)90218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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McBurnette SK, Mandy WJ. Rabbit IgG hinge region: site of group d allotypic specificity. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1975; 12:UNKNOWN. [PMID: 56298 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(75)90242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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O'Donnell IJ, Frangione B, Porter RR. The disulphide bonds of the heavy chain of rabbit immunoglobulin G. Biochem J 1970; 116:261-8. [PMID: 5461107 PMCID: PMC1185354 DOI: 10.1042/bj1160261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Six peptides containing eight half-cystine residues were isolated in good yield, after either oxidation or reduction and carboxymethylation of fragment C-1, which contains the N-terminal half of the heavy chain of rabbit immunoglobulin G. The sequences of five of these peptides had been reported previously (Cebra, Steiner & Porter, 1968b; Wilkinson, 1969) and that of the sixth was established. Other peptides containing half-cystine residues were isolated in much lower yield and are presumed to be derived from minor sequence variants. The cystine-containing peptides from enzymic digests of whole immunoglobulin G and Fc fraction were studied by several techniques and the results obtained enable us to put forward a scheme of the arrangement of the inter- and intra-chain disulphide bonds.
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Crewther WG, Fraser RD, Lennox FG, Lindley H. The chemistry of keratins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1965; 20:191-346. [PMID: 5334826 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Losse G, Jeschkeit H, Höhn R. Über Aminodicarbonsäurepeptide, II. Synthese von Glutamylpeptiden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19646760126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Radiopapierchromatographische Analyse der bei der Oxydation von Cystin mit Wasserstoffperoxid entstehenden Verbindungen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1963. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02401298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maclaren JA, Leach SJ, Swan JM. 47—A STUDY OF SOME PROBLEMS IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY USING NEW (NON-HYDROLYTIC) METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THIOL AND DISULPHIDE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960. [DOI: 10.1080/19447026008662506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wieland T, Heinke B. Über Peptid-Synthesen. 13. Mitteilung. Verwendung von Phosphoroxychlorid bei der Methode der gemischten Anhydride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1956. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19565990109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Flavin M, Anfinsen CB. THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYSTEIC ACID PEPTIDES IN STUDIES ON OVALBUMIN SYNTHESIS. J Biol Chem 1954. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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WARD WH, LUNDGREN HP. The formation, composition, and properties of the keratins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1954; 9:243-97. [PMID: 13217919 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Roberts CW, du Vigneaud V. THE SYNTHESIS OF β-SULFO-l-ALANYL-l-TYROSINE AND l-TYROSYL-l-CYSTEIC ACID AND THEIR DIBROMOTYROSYL ANALOGUES. J Biol Chem 1953. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)66091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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CONSDEN R, GLYNN LE, STANIER WM. A chemical examination of connective tissue in rheumatic fever. Biochem J 1953; 55:248-53. [PMID: 13093672 PMCID: PMC1269228 DOI: 10.1042/bj0550248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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SANGER F, THOMPSON EOP. The amino-acid sequence in the glycyl chain of insulin. I. The identification of lower peptides from partial hydrolysates. Biochem J 1953; 53:353-66. [PMID: 13032078 PMCID: PMC1198157 DOI: 10.1042/bj0530353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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VAN HALTEREN MB. Artefacts in the Chromatography of Mixtures of Amino-acids containing Cysteine. Nature 1951; 168:1090-1. [PMID: 14910653 DOI: 10.1038/1681090b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und chemischer Reaktionsfähigkeit von Wollfasern. Colloid Polym Sci 1951. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01515353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brenner M, Burckhardt CH. Die Adsorption einiger Di- und Tri-peptide an synthetischen organischen Ionenaustauschern. Helv Chim Acta 1951. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19510340413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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