1
|
Feng X, Wu J, Zhou S, Wang J, Hu W. Characterization and potential role of microRNA in the Chinese dominant malaria mosquito Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) throughout four different life stages. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:29. [PMID: 29682276 PMCID: PMC5898052 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs (miRNAs) are one kind of small non-coding RNAs widely distributed in insects. Many studies have shown that miRNAs play critical roles in development, differentiation, apoptosis, and innate immunity. However, there are a few reports describing miRNAs in Anopheles sinensis, the most common, and one of the dominant malaria mosquito in China. Here, we investigated the global miRNA expression profile across four different developmental stages including embryo, larval, pupal, and adult stages using Illumina Hiseq 2500 sequencing. RESULTS In total, 164 miRNAs were obtained out of 107.46 million raw sequencing reads. 99 of them identified as known miRNAs, and the remaining 65 miRNAs were considered as novel. By analyzing the read counts of miRNAs in all developmental stages, 95 miRNAs showed stage-specific expression (q < 0.01 and |log2 (fold change)| > 1) in consecutive stages, indicating that these miRNAs may be involved in critical physiological activity during development. Sixteen miRNAs were identified to be commonly dysregulated throughout four developmental stages. Many miRNAs showed stage-specific expression, such as asi-miR-2943 was exclusively expressed in the embryo stage, and asi-miR-1891 could not be detected in larval stage. The expression of six selected differentially expressed miRNAs identified by qRT-PCR were consistent with our sequencing results. Furthermore, 5296 and 1902 target genes were identified for the dysregulated 68 known and 27 novel miRNAs respectively by combining miRanda and RNAhybrid prediction. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis for the predicted genes of dysregulated miRNAs revealed that they might be involved in a broad range of biological processes related with the development, such as membrane, organic substance transport and several key pathways including protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, propanoate metabolism and folate biosynthesis. Thirty-two key miRNAs were identified by microRNA-gene network analysis. CONCLUSION The present study represents the first global characterization of An. sinensis miRNAs in its four developmental stages. The presence and differential expression of An. sinensis miRNAs imply that such miRNAs may play critical roles in An. sinensis life cycle. A better understanding of the functions of these miRNAs will have great implication for the effective control of vector population and therefore interrupting malaria transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasites-hosts Interaction, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases-Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiatong Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuisen Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasites-hosts Interaction, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases-Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Antoine-Bertrand J, Duquette PM, Alchini R, Kennedy TE, Fournier AE, Lamarche-Vane N. p120RasGAP Protein Mediates Netrin-1 Protein-induced Cortical Axon Outgrowth and Guidance. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4589-602. [PMID: 26710849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.674846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) mediates the attraction of growing axons to netrin-1 during brain development. In response to netrin-1 stimulation, DCC becomes a signaling platform to recruit proteins that promote axon outgrowth and guidance. The Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) p120RasGAP inhibits Ras activity and mediates neurite retraction and growth cone collapse in response to repulsive guidance cues. Here we show an interaction between p120RasGAP and DCC that positively regulates netrin-1-mediated axon outgrowth and guidance in embryonic cortical neurons. In response to netrin-1, p120RasGAP is recruited to DCC in growth cones and forms a multiprotein complex with focal adhesion kinase and ERK. We found that Ras/ERK activities are elevated aberrantly in p120RasGAP-deficient neurons. Moreover, the expression of p120RasGAP Src homology 2 (SH2)-SH3-SH2 domains, which interact with the C-terminal tail of DCC, is sufficient to restore netrin-1-dependent axon outgrowth in p120RasGAP-deficient neurons. We provide a novel mechanism that exploits the scaffolding properties of the N terminus of p120RasGAP to tightly regulate netrin-1/DCC-dependent axon outgrowth and guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Antoine-Bertrand
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1 Canada and
| | - Philippe M Duquette
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1 Canada and
| | - Ricardo Alchini
- the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1 Canada and
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lebreton G, Casanova J. Ligand-binding and constitutive FGF receptors in single Drosophila tracheal cells: Implications for the role of FGF in collective migration. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:372-8. [PMID: 26342211 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration of individual cells relies on their capacity to evaluate differences across their bodies and to move either toward or against a chemoattractant or a chemorepellent signal respectively. However, the direction of collective migration is believed to depend on the internal organization of the cell cluster while the role of the external signal is limited to single out some cells in the cluster, conferring them with motility properties. RESULTS Here we analyzed the role of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling in collective migration in the Drosophila trachea. While ligand-binding FGF receptor (FGFR) activity in a single cell can drive migration of a tracheal cluster, we show that activity from a constitutively activated FGFR cannot-an observation that contrasts with previously analyzed cases. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that individual cells in the tracheal cluster can "read" differences in the distribution of FGFR activity and lead migration of the cluster accordingly. Thus, FGF can act as a chemoattractant rather than as a motogen in collective cell migration. This finding has many implications in both development and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Lebreton
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC) and Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cailliau K, Lescuyer A, Burnol AF, Cuesta-Marbán Á, Widmann C, Browaeys-Poly E. RasGAP Shields Akt from Deactivating Phosphatases in Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling but Loses This Ability Once Cleaved by Caspase-3. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19653-65. [PMID: 26109071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are involved in proliferative and differentiation physiological responses. Deregulation of FGFR-mediated signaling involving the Ras/PI3K/Akt and the Ras/Raf/ERK MAPK pathways is causally involved in the development of several cancers. The caspase-3/p120 RasGAP module is a stress sensor switch. Under mild stress conditions, RasGAP is cleaved by caspase-3 at position 455. The resulting N-terminal fragment, called fragment N, stimulates anti-death signaling. When caspase-3 activity further increases, fragment N is cleaved at position 157. This generates a fragment, called N2, that no longer protects cells. Here, we investigated in Xenopus oocytes the impact of RasGAP and its fragments on FGF1-mediated signaling during G2/M cell cycle transition. RasGAP used its N-terminal Src homology 2 domain to bind FGFR once stimulated by FGF1, and this was necessary for the recruitment of Akt to the FGFR complex. Fragment N, which did not associate with the FGFR complex, favored FGF1-induced ERK stimulation, leading to accelerated G2/M transition. In contrast, fragment N2 bound the FGFR, and this inhibited mTORC2-dependent Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation and ERK2 phosphorylation but not phosphorylation of Akt on Thr-308. This also blocked cell cycle progression. Inhibition of Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation and entry into G2/M was relieved by PHLPP phosphatase inhibition. Hence, full-length RasGAP favors Akt activity by shielding it from deactivating phosphatases. This shielding was abrogated by fragment N2. These results highlight the role played by RasGAP in FGFR signaling and how graded stress intensities, by generating different RasGAP fragments, can positively or negatively impact this signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cailliau
- From the Université de Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, Team Signal Division Regulation, CNRS UMR 8576, SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France,
| | - Arlette Lescuyer
- From the Université de Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, Team Signal Division Regulation, CNRS UMR 8576, SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France, the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France, and
| | - Álvaro Cuesta-Marbán
- the Department of Physiology, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Widmann
- the Department of Physiology, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edith Browaeys-Poly
- From the Université de Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, Team Signal Division Regulation, CNRS UMR 8576, SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rowshanravan B, Woodcock SA, Botella JA, Kiermayer C, Schneuwly S, Hughes DA. RasGAP mediates neuronal survival in Drosophila through direct regulation of Rab5-dependent endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2849-61. [PMID: 24816559 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.139329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase Ras can either promote or inhibit cell survival. Inactivating mutations in Drosophila RasGAP (encoded by vap), a Ras GTPase-activating protein, lead to age-related brain degeneration. Genetic interactions implicate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-Ras pathway in promoting neurodegeneration but the mechanism is not known. Here, we show that the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of RasGAP are essential for its neuroprotective function. By using affinity purification and mass spectrometry, we identify a complex containing RasGAP together with Sprint, which is a Ras effector and putative activator of the endocytic GTPase Rab5. Formation of the RasGAP-Sprint complex requires the SH2 domains of RasGAP and tyrosine phosphorylation of Sprint. RasGAP and Sprint colocalize with Rab5-positive early endosomes but not with Rab7-positive late endosomes. We demonstrate a key role for this interaction in neurodegeneration: mutation of Sprint (or Rab5) suppresses neuronal cell death caused by the loss of RasGAP. These results indicate that the long-term survival of adult neurons in Drosophila is crucially dependent on the activities of two GTPases, Ras and Rab5, regulated by the interplay of RasGAP and Sprint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Rowshanravan
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon A Woodcock
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - José A Botella
- Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsbiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Kiermayer
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsbiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David A Hughes
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lapinski PE, Kwon S, Lubeck BA, Wilkinson JE, Srinivasan RS, Sevick-Muraca E, King PD. RASA1 maintains the lymphatic vasculature in a quiescent functional state in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:733-47. [PMID: 22232212 DOI: 10.1172/jci46116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RASA1 (also known as p120 RasGAP) is a Ras GTPase-activating protein that functions as a regulator of blood vessel growth in adult mice and humans. In humans, RASA1 mutations cause capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM); whether it also functions as a regulator of the lymphatic vasculature is unknown. We investigated this issue using mice in which Rasa1 could be inducibly deleted by administration of tamoxifen. Systemic loss of RASA1 resulted in a lymphatic vessel disorder characterized by extensive lymphatic vessel hyperplasia and leakage and early lethality caused by chylothorax (lymphatic fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity). Lymphatic vessel hyperplasia was a consequence of increased proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and was also observed in mice in which induced deletion of Rasa1 was restricted to LECs. RASA1-deficient LECs showed evidence of constitutive activation of Ras in situ. Furthermore, in isolated RASA1-deficient LECs, activation of the Ras signaling pathway was prolonged and cellular proliferation was enhanced after ligand binding to different growth factor receptors, including VEGFR-3. Blockade of VEGFR-3 was sufficient to inhibit the development of lymphatic vessel hyperplasia after loss of RASA1 in vivo. These findings reveal a role for RASA1 as a physiological negative regulator of LEC growth that maintains the lymphatic vasculature in a quiescent functional state through its ability to inhibit Ras signal transduction initiated through LEC-expressed growth factor receptors such as VEGFR-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Lapinski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lemeer S, Bluwstein A, Wu Z, Leberfinger J, Müller K, Kramer K, Kuster B. Phosphotyrosine mediated protein interactions of the discoidin domain receptor 1. J Proteomics 2011; 75:3465-77. [PMID: 22057045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1 has been implicated in multiple human cancers and fibrosis and is targeted by the leukemia drug Gleevec. This suggests that DDR1 might be a new therapeutic target. However, further insight into the DDR1 signaling pathway is required in order to support its further development. Here, we investigated DDR1 proximal signaling by the analysis of protein-protein interactions using proteomic approaches. All known interactors of DDR1 were identified and localized to specific phosphotyrosine residues on the receptor. In addition, we identified numerous signaling proteins as new putative phosphotyrosine mediated interactors including RasGAP, SHIP1, SHIP2, STATs, PI3K and the SRC family kinases. Most of the new proteins contain SH2 and PTB domains and for all interactors we could directly point the site of interaction to specific phosphotyrosine residues on the receptor. The identified proteins have roles in the early steps of the signaling cascade, propagating the signal from the DDR1 receptor into the cell. The map of phosphotyrosine mediated interactors of DDR1 created in this study will serve as a starting point for functional investigations which will enhance our knowledge on the role of the DDR1 receptor in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Understanding genome regulation and genetic diversity by mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lemeer
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Emil Erlenmeyer Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Woodcock SA, Jones RC, Edmondson RD, Malliri A. A modified tandem affinity purification technique identifies that 14-3-3 proteins interact with Tiam1, an interaction which controls Tiam1 stability. J Proteome Res 2010; 8:5629-41. [PMID: 19899799 DOI: 10.1021/pr900716e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Rac-specific GEF (guanine-nucleotide exchange factor) Tiam1 has important functions in multiple cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis and adherens junction maintenance. Here we describe a modified tandem affinity purification (TAP) technique that we have applied to specifically enrich Tiam1-containing protein complexes from mammalian cells. Using this technique in conjunction with LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry, we have identified additional Tiam1-interacting proteins not seen with the standard technique, and have identified multiple 14-3-3 family members as Tiam1 interactors. We confirm the Tiam1/14-3-3 protein interaction by GST-pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation experiments, show that it is phosphorylation-dependent, and that they colocalize in cells. The interaction is largely dependent on the N-terminal region of Tiam1; within this region, there are four putative phospho-serine-containing 14-3-3 binding motifs, and we confirm that two of them (Ser172 and Ser231) are phosphorylated in cells using mass spectrometry. Moreover, we show that phosphorylation at three of these motifs (containing Ser60, Ser172 and Ser231) is required for the binding of 14-3-3 proteins to this region of Tiam1. We show that phosphorylation of these sites does not affect Tiam1 activity; significantly however, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of the Ser60-containing motif is required for the degradation of Tiam1. Thus, we have established and proven methodology that allows the identification of additional protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells, resulting in the discovery of a novel mechanism of regulating Tiam1 stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Woodcock
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Woodcock SA, Rooney C, Liontos M, Connolly Y, Zoumpourlis V, Whetton AD, Gorgoulis VG, Malliri A. SRC-induced disassembly of adherens junctions requires localized phosphorylation and degradation of the rac activator tiam1. Mol Cell 2009; 33:639-53. [PMID: 19285946 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Rac activator Tiam1 is required for adherens junction (AJ) maintenance, and its depletion results in AJ disassembly. Conversely, the oncoprotein Src potently induces AJ disassembly and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we show that Tiam1 is phosphorylated on Y384 by Src. This occurs predominantly at AJs, is required for Src-induced AJ disassembly and cell migration, and creates a docking site on Tiam1 for Grb2. We find that Tiam1 is associated with ERK. Following recruitment of the Grb2-Sos1 complex, ERK becomes activated and triggers the localized degradation of Tiam1 at AJs, likely involving calpain proteases. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, in human tumors, Y384 phosphorylation positively correlates with Src activity, and total Tiam1 levels are inversely correlated. Thus, our data implicate Tiam1 phosphorylation and consequent degradation in Src-mediated EMT and resultant cell motility and establish a paradigm for regulating local concentrations of Rho-GEFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Woodcock
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iwashita S, Song SY. RasGAPs: a crucial regulator of extracellular stimuli for homeostasis of cellular functions. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:213-22. [PMID: 18437264 DOI: 10.1039/b716357f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ras and its GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) are among the crucial regulators of extracelluar ligands. Information about these regulators has been elucidated during the course of studies in signal transduction over the last two decades. RasGAPs such as p120GAP and neurofibromin have been studied extensively for their roles as either "negative" regulators or effectors of Ras. Accumulating evidence suggests that these molecules are crucial regulators of extracellular stimuli that serve to maintain the homeostasis of cellular functions. This compendium highlights cellular functions of RasGAPs and their signaling characteristics from the viewpoint of homeostasis, including our recent finding of the phenotype of R-RasGAP mutant mice whose GAP activity is down-regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Iwashita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jossé L, Harley M, Pires I, Hughes D. Fission yeast Dss1 associates with the proteasome and is required for efficient ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Biochem J 2006; 393:303-9. [PMID: 16149916 PMCID: PMC1383689 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human DSS1 associates with BRCA2, a tumour suppressor protein required for efficient recombinational DNA repair, but the biochemical function of DSS1 is not known. Orthologues of DSS1 are found in organisms such as budding yeast and fission yeast that do not have BRCA2-related proteins, indicating that DSS1 has a physiological role independent of BRCA2. The DSS1 orthologue in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to associate with the 26 S proteasome and, in the present paper, we report that in the distantly related fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Dss1 associates with the 19 S RP (regulatory particle) of the 26 S proteasome. A role for S. pombe Dss1 in proteasome function is supported by three lines of evidence. First, overexpression of two components of the 19 S RP, namely Pad1/Rpn11 and Mts3/Rpn12, rescued the temperature-sensitive growth defect of the dss1 mutant. Secondly, the dss1 mutant showed phenotypes indicative of a defect in proteasome function: growth of the dss1 mutant was inhibited by low concentrations of L-canavanine, an amino acid analogue, and cells of the dss1 mutant accumulated high molecular mass poly-ubiquitylated proteins. Thirdly, synthetic growth defects were found when the dss1 mutation was combined with mutations in other proteasome subunit genes. These findings show that DSS1 has an evolutionarily conserved role as a regulator of proteasome function and suggest that DSS1 may provide a link between BRCA2 and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyne Jossé
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Jackson's Mill, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, U.K
| | - Margaret E. Harley
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Jackson's Mill, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, U.K
| | - Isabel M. S. Pires
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Jackson's Mill, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, U.K
| | - David A. Hughes
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Jackson's Mill, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, U.K
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang JW, Chen CL, Chuang NN. Trap RACK1 with Ras to mobilize Src signaling at syndecan-2/p120-GAP upon transformation with oncogenic ras. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:1087-94. [PMID: 15823555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HiTrap-syndecan-2/p120-GAP and HiTrap-syndecan-2/RACK1 affinity columns were applied to reveal that Src tyrosine kinase was highly expressed in BALB/3T3 cells transfected with plasmids pcDNA3.1-[S-ras(Q(61)K)] of shrimp Penaeus japonicus. Both columns were effective to isolate Src tyrosine kinase. The selective molecular affinity for Src was found to be stronger with HiTrap-syndecan-2/RACK1, as revealed with competitive RACK1 to dislodge Src from HiTrap-syndecan-2/p120-GAP. We thus challenged the syndecan-2/p120-GAP and syndecan-2/RACK1 with GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q(61)K). The reaction between RACK1 and syndecan-2 was sustained in the presence of mutant Ras proteins, but not the reaction between p120-GAP and syndecan-2. In the presence of syndecan-2, GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q(61)K) exhibited sufficient reactivity with p120-GAP to discontinue the reaction between p120-GAP and syndecan-2. But the interference of mutant Ras disappeared when Src tyrosine kinase was introduced to stabilize the syndecan-2/p120-GAP complex. On the other hand, in the absence of syndecan-2, GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q(61)K) was found to react with RACK1. The reaction between GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q(61)K) and RACK1 could provide a mechanism to deprive RACK1 for the organization of syndecan-2/RACK1 complex and to facilitate the formation of syndecan-2/p120-GAP complex, as well as to provide docking sites for Src signaling upon transformation with oncogenic ras.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Huang
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chu LY, Chen YH, Chuang NN. Dimerize RACK1 upon transformation with oncogenic ras. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:474-82. [PMID: 15796907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From our previous studies, we learned that syndecan-2/p120-GAP complex provided docking site for Src to prosecute tyrosine kinase activity upon transformation with oncogenic ras. And, RACK1 protein was reactive with syndecan-2 to keep Src inactivated, but not when Ras was overexpressed. In the present study, we characterized the reaction between RACK1 protein and Ras. RACK1 was isolated from BALB/3T3 cells transfected with plasmids pcDNA3.1-[S-ras(Q61K)] of shrimp Penaeus japonicus and RACK1 was revealed to react with GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K), not GDP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K). This selective interaction between RACK1 and GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K) was further confirmed with RACK1 of human placenta and mouse RACK1-encoded fusion protein. We found that RACK1 was dimerized upon reaction with GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K), as well as with 14-3-3beta and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, as revealed by phosphorylation with Src tyrosine kinase. We reported the complex of RACK1/GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K) reacted selectively with p120-GAP. This interaction was sufficient to dissemble RACK1 into monomers, a preferred form to compete for the binding of syndecan-2. These data indicate that the reaction of GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K) with RACK1 in dimers may operate a mechanism to deplete RACK1 from reaction with syndecan-2 upon transformation by oncogenic ras and the RACK1/GTP-Ras complex may provide a route to react with p120-GAP and recycle monomeric RACK1 to syndecan-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Chu
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|