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Garrido F, Pacheco M, Vargas-Martínez R, Velasco-García R, Jorge I, Serrano H, Portillo F, Vázquez J, Pajares MÁ. Identification of hepatic protein-protein interaction targets for betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199472. [PMID: 29924862 PMCID: PMC6010280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are an important mechanism for the regulation of enzyme function allowing metabolite channeling, crosstalk between pathways or the introduction of post-translational modifications. Therefore, a number of high-throughput studies have been carried out to shed light on the protein networks established under different pathophysiological settings. Surprisingly, this type of information is quite limited for enzymes of intermediary metabolism such as betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase, despite its high hepatic abundancy and its role in homocysteine metabolism. Here, we have taken advantage of two approaches, affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry and yeast two-hybrid, to further uncover the array of interactions of betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase in normal liver of Rattus norvegicus. A total of 131 non-redundant putative interaction targets were identified, out of which 20 were selected for further validation by coimmunoprecipitation. Interaction targets validated by two different methods include: S-methylmethionine homocysteine methyltransferase or betaine homocysteine methyltransferase 2, methionine adenosyltransferases α1 and α2, cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase and aldolase b. Network analysis identified 122 nodes and 165 edges, as well as a limited number of KEGG pathways that comprise: the biosynthesis of amino acids, cysteine and methionine metabolism, the spliceosome and metabolic pathways. These results further expand the connections within the hepatic methionine cycle and suggest putative cross-talks with additional metabolic pathways that deserve additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Vargas-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Velasco-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Group, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC) and CIBERCV, Melchor Fernández de Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Horacio Serrano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Group, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC) and CIBERCV, Melchor Fernández de Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pajares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Estructural y Química, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Han N, Chae JW, Jeon J, Lee J, Back HM, Song B, Kwon KI, Kim SK, Yun HY. Prediction of Methionine and Homocysteine levels in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats as a T2DM animal model after consumption of a Methionine-rich diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:14. [PMID: 29449868 PMCID: PMC5807833 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although alterations in the methionine metabolism cycle (MMC) have been associated with vascular complications of diabetes, there have not been consistent results about the levels of methionine and homocysteine in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the current study was to predict changes in plasma methionine and homocysteine concentrations after simulated consumption of methionine-rich foods, following the development of a mathematical model for MMC in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, as a representative T2DM animal model. Method The model building and simulation were performed using NONMEM® (ver. 7.3.0) assisted by Perl-Speaks-NONMEM (PsN, ver. 4.3.0). Model parameters were derived using first-order conditional estimation method with interactions permitted among the parameters (FOCE-INTER). NCA was conducted using Phoenix (ver. 6.4.0). For all tests, we considered a P-value < 0.05 to reflect statistical significance. Results Our model featured seven compartments that considered all parts of the cycle by applying non-linear mixed effects model. Conversion of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) to homocysteine increased and the metabolism of homocysteine was reduced under diabetic conditions, and consequently homocysteine accumulated in the elimination phase. Using our model, we performed simulations to compare the changes in plasma methionine and homocysteine concentrations between ZDF and normal rats, by multiple administrations of the methionine-rich diet of 1 mmol/kg, daily for 60 days. The levels of methionine and homocysteine were elevated approximately two- and three-fold, respectively, in ZDF rats, while there were no changes observed in the normal control rats. Conclusion These results can be interpreted to mean that both methionine and homocysteine will accumulate in patients with T2DM, who regularly consume high-methionine foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Han
- 1College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Chae
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Jeon
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Lee
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea.,New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 123 Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Moon Back
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjeong Song
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea.,Drug Discovery Center, JW Pharmaceutical, 2477 Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06725 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Kwon
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Yeol Yun
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
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Garner WH, Garner MH. Protein Disulfide Levels and Lens Elasticity Modulation: Applications for Presbyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:2851-63. [PMID: 27233034 PMCID: PMC5995025 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the experiments described here was to determine the effects of lipoic acid (LA)-dependent disulfide reduction on mouse lens elasticity, to synthesize the choline ester of LA (LACE), and to characterize the effects of topical ocular doses of LACE on mouse lens elasticity. METHODS Eight-month-old mouse lenses (C57BL/6J) were incubated for 12 hours in medium supplemented with selected levels (0-500 μM) of LA. Lens elasticity was measured using the coverslip method. After the elasticity measurements, P-SH and PSSP levels were determined in homogenates by differential alkylation before and after alkylation. Choline ester of LA was synthesized and characterized by mass spectrometry and HPLC. Eight-month-old C57BL/6J mice were treated with 2.5 μL of a formulation of 5% LACE three times per day at 8-hour intervals in the right eye (OD) for 5 weeks. After the final treatment, lenses were removed and placed in a cuvette containing buffer. Elasticity was determined with a computer-controlled instrument that provided Z-stage upward movements in 1-μm increments with concomitant force measurements with a Harvard Apparatus F10 isometric force transducer. The elasticity of lenses from 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice was determined for comparison. RESULTS Lipoic acid treatment led to a concentration-dependent decrease in lens protein disulfides concurrent with an increase in lens elasticity. The structure and purity of newly synthesized LACE was confirmed. Aqueous humor concentrations of LA were higher in eyes of mice following topical ocular treatment with LACE than in mice following topical ocular treatment with LA. The lenses of the treated eyes of the old mice were more elastic than the lenses of untreated eyes (i.e., the relative force required for similar Z displacements was higher in the lenses of untreated eyes). In most instances, the lenses of the treated eyes were even more elastic than the lenses of the 8-week-old mice. CONCLUSIONS As the elasticity of the human lens decreases with age, humans lose the ability to accommodate. The results, briefly described in this abstract, suggest a topical ocular treatment to increase lens elasticity through reduction of disulfides to restore accommodative amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Garner
- Encore Vision, Fort Worth, Texas, United States 2Bioptics Research Partnership Consulting, Eastport, Maine, United States
| | - Margaret H Garner
- Encore Vision, Fort Worth, Texas, United States 2Bioptics Research Partnership Consulting, Eastport, Maine, United States
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Pérez-Miguelsanz J, Vallecillo N, Garrido F, Reytor E, Pérez-Sala D, Pajares MA. Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase emerges as a new player of the nuclear methionine cycle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1165-1182. [PMID: 28288879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The paradigm of a cytoplasmic methionine cycle synthesizing/eliminating metabolites that are transported into/out of the nucleus as required has been challenged by detection of significant nuclear levels of several enzymes of this pathway. Here, we show betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT), an enzyme that exerts a dual function in maintenance of methionine levels and osmoregulation, as a new component of the nuclear branch of the cycle. In most tissues, low expression of Bhmt coincides with a preferential nuclear localization of the protein. Conversely, the liver, with very high Bhmt expression levels, presents a main cytoplasmic localization. Nuclear BHMT is an active homotetramer in normal liver, although the total enzyme activity in this fraction is markedly lower than in the cytosol. N-terminal basic residues play a role in cytoplasmic retention and the ratio of glutathione species regulates nucleocytoplasmic distribution. The oxidative stress associated with d-galactosamine (Gal) or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatments induces BHMT nuclear translocation, an effect that is prevented by administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione ethyl ester (EGSH), respectively. Unexpectedly, the hepatic nuclear accumulation induced by Gal associates with reduced nuclear BHMT activity and a trend towards increased protein homocysteinylation. Overall, our results support the involvement of BHMT in nuclear homocysteine remethylation, although moonlighting roles unrelated to its enzymatic activity in this compartment cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pérez-Miguelsanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Néstor Vallecillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edel Reytor
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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