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Correia K, Mahadevan R. Pan‐Genome‐Scale Network Reconstruction: Harnessing Phylogenomics Increases the Quantity and Quality of Metabolic Models. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900519. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Correia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto 164 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
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Bukiya AN. Fetal Cerebral Artery Mitochondrion as Target of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091586. [PMID: 31067632 PMCID: PMC6539770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure results in an array of developmental abnormalities known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Despite the high prevalence of FASDs, therapeutic interventions against accidental or intended exposure of developing fetuses to alcohol are limited. This review outlines current knowledge about mitochondria in cerebral blood vessels as a potential target for anti-FASDs intervention. First, it describes the multifaceted role of mitochondria in maintaining the cerebral artery diameter as shown in adult tissue. Second, current literature on alcohol-driven damage of mitochondrial morphology and function in several fetal tissues, including liver, heart, and brain is summarized. The functional consequences of alcohol exposure in these organs include morphological enlargement of mitochondria, increased oxidative stress, and alteration of cellular respiration. These studies point to a tissue-specific effect of alcohol on mitochondrial function and a particular vulnerability of fetal mitochondria to alcohol exposure when compared to adult counterparts. Third, recent work from our group describing persistent changes in fetal baboon cerebral artery proteome following three episodes of prenatal alcohol exposure is reviewed. In conclusion, the consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure on cerebral artery mitochondria constitute an open field of investigation and, eventually, a point of therapeutic intervention against FASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Bukiya
- Department Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Chen W, Moore J, Ozadam H, Shulha HP, Rhind N, Weng Z, Moore MJ. Transcriptome-wide Interrogation of the Functional Intronome by Spliceosome Profiling. Cell 2018; 173:1031-1044.e13. [PMID: 29727662 PMCID: PMC6090549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Full understanding of eukaryotic transcriptomes and how they respond to different conditions requires deep knowledge of all sites of intron excision. Although RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) provides much of this information, the low abundance of many spliced transcripts (often due to their rapid cytoplasmic decay) limits the ability of RNA-seq alone to reveal the full repertoire of spliced species. Here, we present "spliceosome profiling," a strategy based on deep sequencing of RNAs co-purifying with late-stage spliceosomes. Spliceosome profiling allows for unambiguous mapping of intron ends to single-nucleotide resolution and branchpoint identification at unprecedented depths. Our data reveal hundreds of new introns in S. pombe and numerous others that were previously misannotated. By providing a means to directly interrogate sites of spliceosome assembly and catalysis genome-wide, spliceosome profiling promises to transform our understanding of RNA processing in the nucleus, much as ribosome profiling has transformed our understanding mRNA translation in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Chen
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jill Moore
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Hakan Ozadam
- Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Hennady P Shulha
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Nicholas Rhind
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Melissa J Moore
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Badoual A, Schmitter D, Uhlmann V, Unser M. Multiresolution Subdivision Snakes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING SOCIETY 2017; 26:1188-1201. [PMID: 28026768 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2016.2644263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a new family of snakes that satisfy the property of multiresolution by exploiting subdivision schemes. We show in a generic way how to construct such snakes based on an admissible subdivision mask. We derive the necessary energy formulations and provide the formulas for their efficient computation. Depending on the choice of the mask, such models have the ability to reproduce trigonometric or polynomial curves. They can also be designed to be interpolating, a property that is useful in user-interactive applications. We provide explicit examples of subdivision snakes and illustrate their use for the segmentation of bioimages. We show that they are robust in the presence of noise and provide a multiresolution algorithm to enlarge their basin of attraction, which decreases their dependence on initialization compared to singleresolution snakes. We show the advantages of the proposed model in terms of computation and segmentation of structures with different sizes.
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Bakri M, Rich A, Cannon R, Holmes A. In vitroexpression ofCandida albicansalcohol dehydrogenase genes involved in acetaldehyde metabolism. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 30:27-38. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Bakri
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - A.M. Rich
- Faculty of Dentistry; Sir John Walsh Research Institute; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - R.D. Cannon
- Faculty of Dentistry; Sir John Walsh Research Institute; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - A.R. Holmes
- Faculty of Dentistry; Sir John Walsh Research Institute; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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Choi S, Bird AJ. Zinc'ing sensibly: controlling zinc homeostasis at the transcriptional level. Metallomics 2014; 6:1198-215. [PMID: 24722954 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-responsive transcription factors are found in all kingdoms of life and include the transcriptional activators ZntR, SczA, Zap1, bZip19, bZip23, and MTF-1, and transcriptional repressors Zur, AdcR, Loz1, and SmtB. These factors have two defining features; their activity is regulated by zinc and they all play a central role in zinc homeostasis by controlling the expression of genes that directly affect zinc levels or its availability. This review summarizes what is known about the mechanisms by which each of these factors sense changes in intracellular zinc levels and how they control zinc homeostasis through target gene regulation. Other factors that influence zinc ion sensing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyong Choi
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Cytoprotective activity of minocycline includes improvement of mitochondrial coupling: the importance of minocycline concentration and the presence of VDAC. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 44:297-307. [PMID: 22576350 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Available data indicate that minocycline, an antibiotic of the tetracycline family, has cytoprotective properties due to a direct interaction with mitochondria. Yet, the data in the case of isolated mitochondria suggest discrepant or even detrimental effect(s) of the interaction. We have studied the cytoprotective activity displayed by minocycline in the case of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells pretreated with H₂O₂. We demonstrated that the activity of minocycline required the presence of VDAC (voltage-dependent anion-selective channel) and provided distinct improvement of mitochondrial coupling. In the case of isolated mitochondria, we verified that minocycline exhibited uncoupler activity when applied in micromolar concentrations. However, when added in nanomolar concentrations, minocycline was able to improve the level of coupling for isolated mitochondria. The coupling improvement effect was observed in mitochondria containing VDAC but not in Δpor1 mitochondria (depleted of VDAC1, termed here VDAC) and in both types of mitoplasts. Thus, properly low concentrations of minocycline within the cell in the vicinity of VDAC-containing mitochondria enable the improvement of energy coupling of mitochondria that contributes to cytoprotective activity of minocycline.
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Rosado T, Conim A, Alves-Pereira I, Ferreira R. Vanadium pentoxide effects on stress responses in wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain UE-ME3. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2009; 18:1116-1122. [PMID: 19597706 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium pentoxide mainly used as catalyst in sulphuric acid, maleic anhydride and ceramics industry, is a pollutant watering redistributed around the environment. Research on biological influence of vanadium pentoxide has gained major importance because it exerts toxic effects on a wide variety of biological systems. In this work we intent to evaluate the effects of vanadium pentoxide ranging from 0 to 2 mM in culture media on a wine wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Alentejo region of Portugal. Our results show that 2.0 mM vanadium pentoxide in culture medium induced a significant increase of malonaldehyde level and Glutathione peroxidase activity, a slightly increase of Catalase A activity as well as a decrease of wet weight and mitochondrial NADH cit c reductase of S. cerevisiae UE-ME(3). Also our results show that cycloheximide prevent cell death when cells grows 30 min in presence of 1.5 mM of vanadium pentoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Rosado
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Evora, R.Romão Ramalho, 59, 7002-671, Evora, Portugal
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Abstract
A component of the cellular response to zinc deficiency operates via control of transcript abundance. Therefore, microarray analysis was employed to identify Schizosaccharomyces pombe genes whose mRNA levels are regulated by intracellular zinc status. A set of 57 genes whose mRNA levels were substantially reduced in response to zinc deficiency was identified, while the mRNA levels of 63 genes were increased by this condition. In order to investigate the mechanisms that control these responses, a genetic screen was employed to identify mutants with defective zinc-responsive gene expression. Two strains (II-1 and V7) that were identified by this screen harbor mutations that are linked to zrt1+, which encodes a putative Zrt/IRT-like protein (ZIP) zinc uptake transporter. Importantly, zrt1+ mRNA levels are increased in response to zinc deprivation, and cells lacking functional Zrt1 are highly impaired in their ability to proliferate at limiting zinc concentrations. Furthermore, zrt1 null cells were found to have severely reduced zinc contents, indicating that Zrt1 functions as a key regulator of intracellular zinc levels in fission yeast. The deletion of fet4+, another zinc-responsive gene encoding a putative metal ion transporter, exacerbated the phenotypes associated with the loss of Zrt1, suggesting that Fet4 also plays a role in zinc uptake under limiting conditions.
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lyon RC, Johnston SM, Watson DG, McGarvie G, Ellis EM. Synthesis and catabolism of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells: role of the aldo-keto reductase AKR7A2. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:25986-92. [PMID: 17591773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702465200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous metabolite synthesized in the brain. There is strong evidence to suggest that GHB has an important role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. The human aldo-keto reductase AKR7A2 has been proposed previously to catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to GHB in human brain. In this study we have used RNA interference to evaluate the role of AKR7A2 in GHB biosynthesis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis and immunoblotting revealed that short interfering RNA molecules directed against AKR7A2 led to a significant reduction in both AKR7A2 transcript and protein levels 72 h post-transfection. We have shown that reduced expression of AKR7A2 results in a 90% decrease in SSA reductase activity of cell extracts. Furthermore, we have shown using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry that a decrease in the level of AKR7A2 was paralleled with a significant reduction in intracellular GHB concentration. This provides conclusive evidence that AKR7A2 is the major SSA reductase in these cells. In contrast, short interfering RNA-dependent reduction in AKR7A2 levels had no effect on the GHB dehydrogenase activity of the extracts, and inhibitor studies suggest that another enzyme characteristic of an NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase may be responsible for catalyzing this reverse reaction. Together these findings delineate pathways for GHB metabolism in the brain and will enable a better understanding of the relationship between GHB biosynthesis and catabolism in disease states and in drug overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Lyon
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Univesity of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, United Kingdom
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