1
|
Bosiacki M, Tarnowski M, Misiakiewicz-Has K, Lubkowska A. The Effect of Cold-Water Swimming on Energy Metabolism, Dynamics, and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Muscles of Aging Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4055. [PMID: 38612863 PMCID: PMC11012857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore the potential positive effects of cold water exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle energy metabolism in aging rats. The study involved 32 male and 32 female rats aged 15 months, randomly assigned to control sedentary animals, animals training in cold water at 5 ± 2 °C, or animals training in water at thermal comfort temperature (36 ± 2 °C). The rats underwent swimming training for nine weeks, gradually increasing the duration of the sessions from 2 min to 4 min per day, five days a week. The results demonstrated that swimming in thermally comfortable water improved the energy metabolism of aging rat muscles (increased metabolic rates expressed as increased ATP, ADP concentration, TAN (total adenine nucleotide) and AEC (adenylate energy charge value)) and increased mRNA and protein expression of fusion regulatory proteins. Similarly, cold-water swimming improved muscle energy metabolism in aging rats, as shown by an increase in muscle energy metabolites and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. It can be concluded that the additive effect of daily activity in cold water influenced both an increase in the rate of energy metabolism in the muscles of the studied animals and an intensification of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics (related to fusion and fragmentation processes). Daily activity in warm water also resulted in an increase in the rate of energy metabolism in muscles, but at the same time did not cause significant changes in mitochondrial dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oehler D, Spychala A, Gödecke A, Lang A, Gerdes N, Ruas J, Kelm M, Szendroedi J, Westenfeld R. Full-length transcriptomic analysis in murine and human heart reveals diversity of PGC-1α promoters and isoforms regulated distinctly in myocardial ischemia and obesity. BMC Biol 2022; 20:169. [PMID: 35907957 PMCID: PMC9338484 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) acts as a transcriptional coactivator and regulates mitochondrial function. Various isoforms are generated by alternative splicing and differentially regulated promoters. In the heart, total PGC-1α deficiency knockout leads to dilatative cardiomyopathy, but knowledge on the complexity of cardiac isoform expression of PGC-1α remains sparse. Thus, this study aims to generate a reliable dataset on cardiac isoform expression pattern by long-read mRNA sequencing, followed by investigation of differential regulation of PGC-1α isoforms under metabolic and ischemic stress, using high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-induced obesity and a murine model of myocardial infarction. RESULTS Murine (C57Bl/6J) or human heart tissue (obtained during LVAD-surgery) was used for long-read mRNA sequencing, resulting in full-length transcriptomes including 58,000 mRNA isoforms with 99% sequence accuracy. Automatic bioinformatic analysis as well as manual similarity search against exonic sequences leads to identification of putative coding PGC-1α isoforms, validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Thereby, 12 novel transcripts generated by hitherto unknown splicing events were detected. In addition, we postulate a novel promoter with homologous and strongly conserved sequence in human heart. High-fat diet as well as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury transiently reduced cardiac expression of PGC-1α isoforms, with the most pronounced effect in the infarcted area. Recovery of PGC-1α-isoform expression was even more decelerated when I/R was performed in diet-induced obese mice. CONCLUSIONS We deciphered for the first time a complete full-length transcriptome of the murine and human heart, identifying novel putative PGC-1α coding transcripts including a novel promoter. These transcripts are differentially regulated in I/R and obesity suggesting transcriptional regulation and alternative splicing that may modulate PGC-1α function in the injured and metabolically challenged heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oehler
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - André Spychala
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jorge Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Westenfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lozoya OA, Xu F, Grenet D, Wang T, Stevanovic KD, Cushman JD, Hagler TB, Gruzdev A, Jensen P, Hernandez B, Riadi G, Moy SS, Santos JH, Woychik RP. A brain-specific pgc1α fusion transcript affects gene expression and behavioural outcomes in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/12/e202101122. [PMID: 34649938 PMCID: PMC8548212 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that loss of a brain-specific fusion isoform of PGC1a leads to up-regulation of genes and motor impairments in mice, suggesting functional differences between PGC1 isoforms in the brain. PGC1α is a transcriptional coactivator in peripheral tissues, but its function in the brain remains poorly understood. Various brain-specific Pgc1α isoforms have been reported in mice and humans, including two fusion transcripts (FTs) with non-coding repetitive sequences, but their function is unknown. The FTs initiate at a simple sequence repeat locus ∼570 Kb upstream from the reference promoter; one also includes a portion of a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE). Using publicly available genomics data, here we show that the SINE FT is the predominant form of Pgc1α in neurons. Furthermore, mutation of the SINE in mice leads to altered behavioural phenotypes and significant up-regulation of genes in the female, but not male, cerebellum. Surprisingly, these genes are largely involved in neurotransmission, having poor association with the classical mitochondrial or antioxidant programs. These data expand our knowledge on the role of Pgc1α in neuronal physiology and suggest that different isoforms may have distinct functions. They also highlight the need for further studies before modulating levels of Pgc1α in the brain for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo A Lozoya
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fuhua Xu
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dagoberto Grenet
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Korey D Stevanovic
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jesse D Cushman
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas B Hagler
- Knockout Mouse Core Facility, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Knockout Mouse Core Facility, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patricia Jensen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bairon Hernandez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janine H Santos
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard P Woychik
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Functional crosstalk of PGC-1 coactivators and inflammation in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 36:27-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
6
|
Yuan C, Nguyen P, Baxter JD, Webb P. Distinct ligand-dependent and independent modes of thyroid hormone receptor (TR)/PGC-1α interaction. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 133:58-65. [PMID: 22974658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor (TR)/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator (PGC-1α) interactions are required for T(3)-dependent transcriptional responses involved in adaptive thermogenesis and liver. Thus, it is important to define TR/PGC-1α contact modes and to understand their significance in gene expression. Previous studies have shown that TRβ1 recruits PGC-1α to target promoters via contacts between the hormone-dependent TRβ1 activation function 2 (AF-2) in the C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD) and a major PGC-1α nuclear receptor (NR) interaction box (consensus LxxLL) at amino acids 142-146. While our studies verify the existence and importance of this interaction, we present evidence that TRβ1 also binds PGC-1α in a second ligand and LxxLL motif independent mode and show that this interaction requires the TRβ1 N-terminal domain (NTD) and the PGC-1α N-terminal activation domain (AD) at amino acids 1-130. Transfection assays suggest that optimal PGC-1α coactivation requires the TRβ1 NTD and that these contacts are needed for utilization of the PGC-1α C-terminal AD, which does not bind TR and is implicated in basal transcription machinery contacts. We propose that TR AF-1/PGC-1α contacts are needed for transition between activities of PGC-1α N-and C-terminal ADs in gene expression. Our findings provide insights into possible roles for TR and NR AF-1 in gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoshen Yuan
- University of California Medical Center, Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moldogazieva NT, Terentiev AA, Antonov MY, Kazimirsky AN, Shaitan KV. Correlation between biological activity and conformational dynamics properties of tetra- and pentapeptides derived from fetoplacental proteins. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:469-84. [PMID: 22813588 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, using molecular dynamics simulation, we study conformational and dynamic properties of biologically active penta- and tetrapeptides derived from fetoplacental proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein, pregnancy specific β1-glycoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Existence of correlation between flexibility of peptide backbone and biological activity of the investigated peptides was shown. It was also demonstrated that flexibility of peptide backbone depends not only on its length, but also on the presence of reactive functional groups in amino acid side chains that participate in intramolecular interactions. Peptides that demonstrate similar biological effects in regulation of proliferation of lymphocytes and expression of differentiation antigens on their surface (LDSYQCT, PYECE, YECE, and YVCE) are characterized by rigidity of their peptide backbone. Increased backbone flexibility in peptides PYQCE, YQCE, SYKCE, YQCT, YQCS, YVCS, YACS, and YACE is correlated with decreased biological activity. Conformational mobility of amino acid residues does not depend on physicochemical properties only, but also on intramolecular interactions. So, evolutionary restrictions should exist to maintain such interactions in the environment of functionally important sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N T Moldogazieva
- Russian State Medical University, ul. Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Videla LA, Fernández V, Cornejo P, Vargas R. Metabolic basis for thyroid hormone liver preconditioning: upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:475675. [PMID: 22919323 PMCID: PMC3417194 DOI: 10.1100/2012/475675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a major organ responsible for most functions of cellular metabolism and a mediator between dietary and endogenous sources of energy for extrahepatic tissues. In this context, adenosine-monophosphate- (AMP-) activated protein kinase (AMPK) constitutes an intrahepatic energy sensor regulating physiological energy dynamics by limiting anabolism and stimulating catabolism, thus increasing ATP availability. This is achieved by mechanisms involving direct allosteric activation and reversible phosphorylation of AMPK, in response to signals such as energy status, serum insulin/glucagon ratio, nutritional stresses, pharmacological and natural compounds, and oxidative stress status. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to cellular AMPK activation and downstream signaling under several experimental conditions. Thyroid hormone (L-3,3′,5-triiodothyronine, T3) administration, a condition that enhances liver ROS generation, triggers the redox upregulation of cytoprotective proteins affording preconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) liver injury. Data discussed in this work suggest that T3-induced liver activation of AMPK may be of importance in the promotion of metabolic processes favouring energy supply for the induction and operation of preconditioning mechanisms. These include antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, repair or resynthesis of altered biomolecules, induction of the homeostatic acute-phase response, and stimulation of liver cell proliferation, which are required to cope with the damaging processes set in by IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu W, Lau F, Liu K, Wood HB, Zhou G, Chen Y, Li Y, Akiyama TE, Castriota G, Einstein M, Wang C, McCann ME, Doebber TW, Wu M, Chang CH, McNamara L, McKeever B, Mosley RT, Berger JP, Meinke PT. Benzimidazolones: a new class of selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulators. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8541-54. [PMID: 22070604 DOI: 10.1021/jm201061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzimidazolone carboxylic acids and oxazolidinediones were designed and synthesized in search of selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγMs) as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with improved safety profiles relative to rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, the currently marketed PPARγ full agonist drugs. Structure-activity relationships of these potent and highly selective SPPARγMs were studied with a focus on their unique profiles as partial agonists or modulators. A variety of methods, such as X-ray crystallographic analysis, PPARγ transactivation coactivator profiling, gene expression profiling, and mutagenesis studies, were employed to reveal the differential interactions of these new analogues with PPARγ receptor in comparison to full agonists. In rodent models of T2DM, benzimidazolone analogues such as (5R)-5-(3-{[3-(5-methoxybenzisoxazol-3-yl)benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)-5-methyloxazolidinedione (51) demonstrated efficacy equivalent to that of rosiglitazone. Side effects, such as fluid retention and heart weight gain associated with PPARγ full agonists, were diminished with 51 in comparison to rosiglitazone based on studies in two independent animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liu
- Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang JS, Huypens P, Zhang Y, Black C, Kralli A, Gettys TW. Regulation of NT-PGC-1alpha subcellular localization and function by protein kinase A-dependent modulation of nuclear export by CRM1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18039-50. [PMID: 20351112 PMCID: PMC2878565 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.083121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) plays a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism and metabolic adaptation to environmental and nutritional stimuli. We recently described a novel, biologically active splice variant of PGC-1alpha (NT-PGC-1alpha, amino acids 1-270) that retains the ability to interact with and transactivate nuclear hormone receptors through its N-terminal transactivation domain. Whereas PGC-1alpha is an unstable nuclear protein sensitive to ubiquitin-mediated targeting to the proteasome, NT-PGC-1alpha is relatively stable and predominantly cytoplasmic, suggesting that its ability to interact with and activate nuclear receptors and transcription factors is dependent upon regulated access to the nucleus. We provide evidence that NT-PGC-1alpha interacts with the nuclear exportin, CRM1, through a specific leucine-rich domain (nuclear export sequence) that regulates its export to the cytoplasm. The nuclear export of NT-PGC-1alpha is inhibited by protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-194, Ser-241, and Thr-256 on NT-PGC-1alpha, which effectively increases its nuclear concentration. Using site-directed mutagenesis to prevent or mimic phosphorylation at these sites, we show that the transcriptional activity of NT-PGC-1alpha is regulated in part through regulation of its subcellular localization. These findings suggest that the function of NT-PGC-1alpha as a transcriptional co-activator is regulated by protein kinase A-dependent inhibition of CRM1-mediated export from the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Suk Chang
- From the Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Peter Huypens
- From the Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Yubin Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
- the Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chelsea Black
- From the Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- the Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- From the Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
LeMoine CMR, Lougheed SC, Moyes CD. Modular Evolution of PGC-1α in Vertebrates. J Mol Evol 2010; 70:492-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00239-010-9347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
Connaughton S, Chowdhury F, Attia RR, Song S, Zhang Y, Elam MB, Cook GA, Park EA. Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4) gene expression by glucocorticoids and insulin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 315:159-67. [PMID: 19703515 PMCID: PMC2815206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and is a key regulatory enzyme in the oxidation of glucose to acetyl-CoA. Phosphorylation of PDC by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK) inhibits its activity. The expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) gene is increased in fasting and other conditions associated with the switch from the utilization of glucose to fatty acids as an energy source. Transcription of the PDK4 gene is elevated by glucocorticoids and inhibited by insulin. In this study, we have investigated the factors involved in the regulation of the PDK4 gene by these hormones. Glucocorticoids stimulate PDK4 through two glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding sites located more than 6000 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site. Insulin inhibits the glucocorticoid induction in part by causing dissociation of the GR from the promoter. Previously, we found that the estrogen related receptor alpha (ERRalpha) stimulates the expression of PDK4. Here, we determined that one of the ERRalpha binding sites contributes to the insulin inhibition of PDK4. A binding site for the forkhead transcription factor (FoxO1) is adjacent to the ERRalpha binding sites. FoxO1 participates in the glucocorticoid induction of PDK4 and the regulation of this gene by insulin. Our data demonstrate that glucocorticoids and insulin each modulate PDK4 gene expression through complex hormone response units that contain multiple factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Connaughton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163
| | - Farhana Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163
| | - Ramy R. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163
| | - Shulan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163
| | - Marshall B. Elam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN
| | - George A. Cook
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163
| | - Edwards A. Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dominy JE, Lee Y, Gerhart-Hines Z, Puigserver P. Nutrient-dependent regulation of PGC-1alpha's acetylation state and metabolic function through the enzymatic activities of Sirt1/GCN5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1804:1676-83. [PMID: 20005308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammals possess an intricate regulatory system for controlling flux through fuel utilization pathways in response to the dietary availability of particular macronutrients. Under fasting conditions, for instance, mammals initiate a whole body metabolic response that limits glucose utilization and favors fatty acid oxidation. Understanding the underlying mechanisms by which this process occurs will facilitate the development of new treatments for metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes and obesity. One of the recently identified components of the signal transduction pathway involved in metabolic reprogramming is PGC-1alpha. This transcriptional coactivator is able to coordinate the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. The nutrient-mediated control of PGC-1alpha activity is tightly correlated with its acetylation state. In this review, we evaluate how the nutrient regulation of PGC-1alpha activity squares with the regulation of its acetylation state by the deacetylase Sirt1 and the acetyltransferase GCN5. We also propose an outline of additional experimental directives that will help to shed additional light on this very powerful transcriptional coactivator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E Dominy
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu XM, Kong J, Song WW, Lu Y. Glucose Metabolic and Gluconeogenic Pathways Disturbance in the Intrauterine Growth Restricted Adult Male Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:208-12. [DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(10)60003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
As an important part of glucose metabolism in liver, hepatic gluconeogenesis is regulated by a series of transcription factors. FoxO1, CREB and PGC-1α cross talk with insulin- or glucagon-responsive transcription genes encoding the rate-limiting enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), which stimulate hepatic gluconeogenesis. In addition, many regulators such as orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 and TR4, cytokines resistin and adiponectin, free fatty acids, directly bound to transcription factors, repress or enhance their activity, hence affect the transcription. In insulin-resistance diseases, high blood glucose is often induced by the disturbed hepatic gluconeogenesis, and the transcription factors in gluconeogeneic signal pathways are potential therapeutic target. So controlling these transcription factors can decrease hepatic glucose production and effectively treat insulin-resistance syndrome.
Collapse
|
16
|
Branvold DJ, Allred DR, Beckstead DJ, Kim HJ, Fillmore N, Condon BM, Brown JD, Sudweeks SN, Thomson DM, Winder WW. Thyroid hormone effects on LKB1, MO25, phospho-AMPK, phospho-CREB, and PGC-1alpha in rat muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 105:1218-27. [PMID: 18669938 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00997.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of all of the isoforms of the subunits of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK activity is increased in skeletal muscle of hyperthyroid rats. Activity of AMPK in skeletal muscle is regulated principally by the upstream kinase, LKB1. This experiment was designed to determine whether the increase in AMPK activity is accompanied by increased expression of the LKB1, along with binding partner proteins. LKB1, MO25, and downstream targets were determined in muscle extracts in control rats, in rats given 3 mg of thyroxine and 1 mg of triiodothyronine per kilogram chow for 4 wk, and in rats given 0.01% propylthiouracil (PTU; an inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis) in drinking water for 4 wk (hypothyroid group). LKB1 and MO25 increased in the soleus of thyroid hormone-treated rats vs. the controls. In other muscle types, LKB1 responses were variable, but MO25 increased in all. In soleus, MO25 mRNA increased with thyroid hormone treatment, and STRAD mRNA increased with PTU treatment. Phospho-AMPK and phospho-ACC were elevated in soleus and gastrocnemius of hyperthyroid rats. Thyroid hormone treatment also increased the amount of phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the soleus, heart, and red quadriceps. Four proteins having CREB response elements (CRE) in promoter regions of their genes (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha, uncoupling protein 3, cytochrome c, and hexokinase II) were all increased in soleus in response to thyroid hormones. These data provide evidence that thyroid hormones increase soleus muscle LKB1 and MO25 content with subsequent activation of AMPK, phosphorylation of CREB, and expression of mitochondrial protein genes having CRE in their promoters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Branvold
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bibliography. Current world literature. Lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19:314-21. [PMID: 18460925 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328303e27e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|