1
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Lessa TLADS, Correia TML, Santos TCD, da Silva RP, Silva BPD, Cavallini MCM, Rocha LS, Souza Peixoto A, Cugnasca BS, Cervi G, Correra TC, Gonçalves AC, Festuccia WTL, Cunha TM, Yatsuda R, de Magalhães ACM, Dos Santos AA, Meotti FC, Queiroz RF. A novel diselenide attenuates the carrageenan-induced inflammation by reducing neutrophil infiltration and the resulting tissue damage in mice. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:229-248. [PMID: 38588405 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2336566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Selenium-containing compounds have emerged as promising treatment for redox-based and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of a novel diselenide named as dibenzyl[diselanediyIbis(propane-3-1diyl)] dicarbamate (DD). DD reacted with HOCl (k = 9.2 x 107 M-1s-1), like glutathione (k = 1.2 x 108 M-1s-1), yielding seleninic and selenonic acid derivatives, and it also decreased HOCl formation by activated human neutrophils (IC50=4.6 μM) and purified myeloperoxidase (MPO) (IC50=3.8 μM). However, tyrosine, MPO-I and MPO-II substrates, did not restore HOCl formation in presence of DD. DD inhibited the oxidative burst in dHL-60 cells with no toxicity up to 25 µM for 48h. Next, an intraperitoneal administration of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg DD decreased total leukocyte, neutrophil chemotaxis, and inflammation markers (MPO activity, lipid peroxidation, albumin exudation, nitrite, TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1/KC, and CXCL2/MIP-2) on a murine model of carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Likewise, 50 mg/kg DD (i.p.) decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema over 5h. Histological and immunohistochemistry analyses of the paw tissue showed decreased neutrophil count, edema area, and MPO, carbonylated, and nitrated protein staining. Furthermore, DD treatment decreased the fMLP-induced chemotaxis of human neutrophils (IC50=3.7 μM) in vitro with no toxicity. Lastly, DD presented no toxicity in a single-dose model using mice (50 mg/kg, i.p.) over 15 days and in Artemia salina bioassay (50 to 2000 µM), corroborating findings from in silico toxicological study. Altogether, these results demonstrate that DD attenuates carrageenan-induced inflammation mainly by reducing neutrophil migration and the resulting damage from MPO-mediated oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Liz Araújo Dos Santos Lessa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Talita Costa Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Cláudia Magalhães Cavallini
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Silva Rocha
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Cervi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Correra
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
- Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Amélia Cristina Mendes de Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
- Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raphael Ferreira Queiroz
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
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2
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. The Cellular and Organismal Effects of Nitroxides and Nitroxide-Containing Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1446. [PMID: 38338725 PMCID: PMC10855878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable free radicals that have antioxidant properties. They react with many types of radicals, including alkyl and peroxyl radicals. They act as mimics of superoxide dismutase and stimulate the catalase activity of hemoproteins. In some situations, they may exhibit pro-oxidant activity, mainly due to the formation of oxoammonium cations as products of their oxidation. In this review, the cellular effects of nitroxides and their effects in animal experiments and clinical trials are discussed, including the beneficial effects in various pathological situations involving oxidative stress, protective effects against UV and ionizing radiation, and prolongation of the life span of cancer-prone mice. Nitroxides were used as active components of various types of nanoparticles. The application of these nanoparticles in cellular and animal experiments is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
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3
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Pierzchała K, Pięta M, Rola M, Świerczyńska M, Artelska A, Dębowska K, Podsiadły R, Pięta J, Zielonka J, Sikora A, Marcinek A, Michalski R. Fluorescent probes for monitoring myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid: a comparative study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9314. [PMID: 35660769 PMCID: PMC9166712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MPO-derived oxidants including HOCl contribute to tissue damage and the initiation and propagation of inflammatory diseases. The search for small molecule inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, as molecular tools and potential drugs, requires the application of high throughput screening assays based on monitoring the activity of myeloperoxidase. In this study, we have compared three classes of fluorescent probes for monitoring myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid, including boronate-, aminophenyl- and thiol-based fluorogenic probes and we show that all three classes of probes are suitable for this purpose. However, probes based on the coumarin fluorophore turned out to be not reliable indicators of the inhibitors’ potency. We have also determined the rate constants of the reaction between HOCl and the probes and they are equal to 1.8 × 104 M−1s−1 for coumarin boronic acid (CBA), 1.1 × 104 M−1s−1 for fluorescein based boronic acid (FLBA), 3.1 × 104 M−1s−1 for 7-(p-aminophenyl)-coumarin (APC), 1.6 × 104 M−1s−1 for 3’-(p-aminophenyl)-fluorescein (APF), and 1 × 107 M−1s−1 for 4-thiomorpholino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-TM). The high reaction rate constant of NBD-TM with HOCl makes this probe the most reliable tool to monitor HOCl formation in the presence of compounds showing HOCl-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pierzchała
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Pięta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Rola
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Świerczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Pięta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Adam Sikora
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marcinek
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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4
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Maiocchi S, Ku J, Hawtrey T, De Silvestro I, Malle E, Rees M, Thomas SR, Morris JC. Polyamine-Conjugated Nitroxides Are Efficacious Inhibitors of Oxidative Reactions Catalyzed by Endothelial-Localized Myeloperoxidase. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1681-1692. [PMID: 34085520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key mediator of endothelial dysfunction and a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. During inflammation, MPO released by circulating leukocytes is internalized by endothelial cells and transcytosed into the subendothelial extracellular matrix of diseased vessels. At this site, MPO mediates endothelial dysfunction by catalytically consuming nitric oxide (NO) and producing reactive oxidants, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the nitrogen dioxide radical (•NO2). Accordingly, there is interest in developing MPO inhibitors that effectively target endothelial-localized MPO. Here we studied a series of piperidine nitroxides conjugated to polyamine moieties as novel endothelial-targeted MPO inhibitors. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of cell lysates showed that polyamine conjugated nitroxides were efficiently internalized into endothelial cells in a heparan sulfate dependent manner. Nitroxides effectively inhibited the consumption of MPO's substrate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and formation of HOCl catalyzed by endothelial-localized MPO, with their efficacy dependent on both nitroxide and conjugated-polyamine structure. Nitroxides also differentially inhibited protein nitration catalyzed by both purified and endothelial-localized MPO, which was dependent on •NO2 scavenging rather than MPO inhibition. Finally, nitroxides uniformly inhibited the catalytic consumption of NO by MPO in human plasma. These studies show for the first time that nitroxides effectively inhibit local oxidative reactions catalyzed by endothelial-localized MPO. Novel polyamine-conjugated nitroxides, ethylenediamine-TEMPO and putrescine-TEMPO, emerged as efficacious nitroxides uniquely exhibiting high endothelial cell uptake and efficient inhibition of MPO-catalyzed HOCl production, protein nitration, and NO oxidation. Polyamine-conjugated nitroxides represent a versatile class of antioxidant drugs capable of targeting endothelial-localized MPO during vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Maiocchi
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Ku
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tom Hawtrey
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Irene De Silvestro
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ernst Malle
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Rees
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shane R Thomas
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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5
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Almeida VM, Dias ÊR, Souza BC, Cruz JN, Santos CBR, Leite FHA, Queiroz RF, Branco A. Methoxylated flavonols from Vellozia dasypus Seub ethyl acetate active myeloperoxidase extract: in vitro and in silico assays. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7574-7583. [PMID: 33739225 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1900916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a methoxylated fraction from Vellozia dasypus Seub on myeloperoxidase (MPO)-chlorinating activity and subsequent in silico assays for binding profile prediction. Therefore, the ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts from Vellozia dasypus Seub was fractionated on open-column chromatography containing SiO2 and eluted with solvent in crescent polarity to yield a fraction with a mixture of flavonols quercetin 3-O-methyl ether (1) and 6-C-methyl quercetin 3-O-methyl ether (2). Their chemical structures were proposed by HPLC coupled to photodiode array (HPLC-DAD) and mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization multistage analysis (HPLC-MS/MS). The fraction enriched with compounds 1 and 2 inhibited more efficiently the in vitro MPO-chlorinating activity (IC50 = 40 µg/mL) than the ethyl acetate extract (IC50 = 64.0 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies revealed that these compounds interact with MPO active pocket similarly to trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic hydroxamate, a well-known MPO inhibitor, co-crystallized at the MPO binding site (PDB ID: 4C1M). Molecular dynamics trajectories confirmed that these two molecules interact with the MPO binding site with a similar energetic pattern when compared to the crystallographic ligand. Taken together, these data expand the sources of phenolic natural compounds that may be further investigated against inflammation-related diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica M Almeida
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Êuder R Dias
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Souza
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Jorddy N Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Cleydson B R Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Franco H A Leite
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Raphael F Queiroz
- Department of Natural Sciences, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Branco
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
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6
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Myeloperoxidase: A versatile mediator of endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic target during cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107711. [PMID: 33137376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a prominent mammalian heme peroxidase and a fundamental component of the innate immune response against microbial pathogens. In recent times, MPO has received considerable attention as a key oxidative enzyme capable of impairing the bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) and promoting endothelial dysfunction; a clinically relevant event that manifests throughout the development of inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence indicates that during cardiovascular disease, MPO is released intravascularly by activated leukocytes resulting in its transport and sequestration within the vascular endothelium. At this site, MPO catalyzes various oxidative reactions that are capable of promoting vascular inflammation and impairing NO bioactivity and endothelial function. In particular, MPO catalyzes the production of the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the catalytic consumption of NO via the enzyme's NO oxidase activity. An emerging paradigm is the ability of MPO to also influence endothelial function via non-catalytic, cytokine-like activities. In this review article we discuss the implications of our increasing knowledge of the versatility of MPO's actions as a mediator of cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction for the development of new pharmacological agents capable of effectively combating MPO's pathogenic activities. More specifically, we will (i) discuss the various transport mechanisms by which MPO accumulates into the endothelium of inflamed or diseased arteries, (ii) detail the clinical and basic scientific evidence identifying MPO as a significant cause of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, (iii) provide an up-to-date coverage on the different oxidative mechanisms by which MPO can impair endothelial function during cardiovascular disease including an evaluation of the contributions of MPO-catalyzed HOCl production and NO oxidation, and (iv) outline the novel non-enzymatic mechanisms of MPO and their potential contribution to endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we deliver a detailed appraisal of the different pharmacological strategies available for targeting the catalytic and non-catalytic modes-of-action of MPO in order to protect against endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease.
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7
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Tempol reduces inflammation and oxidative damage in cigarette smoke-exposed mice by decreasing neutrophil infiltration and activating the Nrf2 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 329:109210. [PMID: 32726580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture capable of triggering inflammation and oxidative damage in animals at pulmonary and systemic levels. Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) reduces tissue injury associated with inflammation in vivo by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Here we evaluated the effect of tempol on inflammation and oxidative damage induced by acute exposure to cigarette smoke in vivo. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): 1) control group exposed to ambient air (GC), 2) animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 5 days (CSG), mice treated 3) prior or 4) concomitantly with tempol (50 mg/kg/day) and exposed to cigarette smoke for 5 days. The results showed that the total number of leukocytes and neutrophils increased in the respiratory tract and lung parenchyma of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Likewise, MPO levels and activity as well as lipid peroxidation and lung protein nitration and carbonylation also increased. Administration of tempol before or during exposure to cigarette smoke inhibited all the above parameters. Tempol also reduced the pulmonary expression of the inflammatory cytokines Il-6, Il-1β and Il-17 to basal levels and of Tnf-α by approximately 50%. In contrast, tempol restored Il-10 and Tgf-β levels and enhanced the expression of Nrf2-associated genes, such as Ho-1 and Gpx2. Accordingly, total GPx activity increased in lung homogenates of tempol-treated animals. Taken together, our results show that tempol protects mouse lungs from inflammation and oxidative damage resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke, likely through reduction of leukocyte infiltration and increased transcription of some of the Nrf2-controlled genes.
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8
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Wurtz NR, Viet A, Shaw SA, Dilger A, Valente MN, Khan JA, Jusuf S, Narayanan R, Fernando G, Lo F, Liu X, Locke GA, Kopcho L, Abell LM, Sleph P, Basso M, Zhao L, Wexler RR, Duclos F, Kick EK. Potent Triazolopyridine Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1175-1180. [PMID: 30613322 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) generates reactive oxygen species that potentially contribute to many chronic inflammatory diseases. A recently reported triazolopyrimidine MPO inhibitor was optimized to improve acid stability and remove methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) activity. Multiple synthetic routes were explored that allowed rapid optimization of a key benzyl ether side chain. Crystal structures of inhibitors bound to the MPO active site demonstrated alternate binding modes and guided rational design of MPO inhibitors. Thioether 36 showed significant inhibition of MPO activity in an acute mouse inflammation model after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Wurtz
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Andrew Viet
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Scott A. Shaw
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Andrew Dilger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Meriah N. Valente
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Javed A. Khan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Sutjano Jusuf
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Rangaraj Narayanan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Gayani Fernando
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Fred Lo
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Gregory A. Locke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Lisa Kopcho
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Lynn M. Abell
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Paul Sleph
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Michael Basso
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Lei Zhao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Ruth R. Wexler
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Franck Duclos
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Ellen K. Kick
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
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9
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Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for quantitative (bio)chemical analysis, but its application to molecular imaging and microscopy has been limited. Here we introduce ultraviolet hyperspectral interferometric (UHI) microscopy, which leverages coherent detection of optical fields to overcome significant challenges associated with UV spectroscopy when applied to molecular imaging. We demonstrate that this method enables quantitative spectral analysis of important endogenous biomolecules with subcellular spatial resolution and sensitivity to nanometer-scaled structures for label-free molecular imaging of live cells.
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10
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Duclos F, Abell LM, Harden DG, Pike K, Nowak K, Locke GA, Duke GJ, Liu X, Fernando G, Shaw SA, Vokits BP, Wurtz NR, Viet A, Valente MN, Stachura S, Sleph P, Khan JA, Gao J, Dongre AR, Zhao L, Wexler RR, Gordon DA, Kick EK. Triazolopyrimidines identified as reversible myeloperoxidase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:2093-2099. [PMID: 30108726 PMCID: PMC6071758 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00268h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase, a mammalian peroxidase involved in the immune system as an anti-microbial first responder, can produce hypochlorous acid in response to invading pathogens. Myeloperoxidase has been implicated in several chronic pathological diseases due to the chronic production of hypochlorous acid, as well as other reactive radical species. A high throughput screen and triaging protocol was developed to identify a reversible inhibitor of myeloperoxidase toward the potential treatment of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis. The identification and characterization of a reversible myeloperoxidase inhibitor, 7-(benzyloxy)-3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-5-amine is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Duclos
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Lynn M Abell
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - David G Harden
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Kristen Pike
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Kimberly Nowak
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Gregory A Locke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Gerald J Duke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Gayani Fernando
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Scott A Shaw
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Benjamin P Vokits
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Nicholas R Wurtz
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Andrew Viet
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Meriah N Valente
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Sylwia Stachura
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Paul Sleph
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Javed A Khan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Ji Gao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Ashok R Dongre
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Lei Zhao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Ruth R Wexler
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - David A Gordon
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
| | - Ellen K Kick
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 5400 , Princeton , New Jersey 08543-5400 , USA .
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Bertozo LDC, Zeraik ML, Ximenes VF. Dansylglycine, a fluorescent probe for specific determination of halogenating activity of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase. Anal Biochem 2017; 532:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Chami B, Jeong G, Varda A, Maw AM, Kim HB, Fong G, Simone M, Rayner B, Wang XS, Dennis J, Witting P. The nitroxide 4-methoxy TEMPO inhibits neutrophil-stimulated kinase activation in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 629:19-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Samuni A, Maimon E, Goldstein S. Nitroxides protect horseradish peroxidase from H 2O 2-induced inactivation and modulate its catalase-like activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2060-2069. [PMID: 28365302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzes H2O2 dismutation while undergoing heme inactivation. The mechanism underlying this process has not been fully elucidated. The effects of nitroxides, which protect metmyoglobin and methemoglobin against H2O2-induced inactivation, have been investigated. METHODS HRP reaction with H2O2 was studied by following H2O2 depletion, O2 evolution and heme spectral changes. Nitroxide concentration was followed by EPR spectroscopy, and its reactions with the oxidized heme species were studied using stopped-flow. RESULTS Nitroxide protects HRP against H2O2-induced inactivation. The rate of H2O2 dismutation in the presence of nitroxide obeys zero-order kinetics and increases as [nitroxide] increases. Nitroxide acts catalytically since its oxidized form is readily reduced to the nitroxide mainly by H2O2. The nitroxide efficacy follows the order 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl (TPO)>4-OH-TPO>3-carbamoyl proxyl>4-oxo-TPO, which correlates with the order of the rate constants of nitroxide reactions with compounds I, II, and III. CONCLUSIONS Nitroxide catalytically protects HRP against inactivation induced by H2O2 while modulating its catalase-like activity. The protective role of nitroxide at μM concentrations is attributed to its efficient oxidation by P940, which is the precursor of the inactivated form P670. Modeling the dismutation kinetics in the presence of nitroxide adequately fits the experimental data. In the absence of nitroxide the simulation fits the observed kinetics only if it does not include the formation of a Michaelis-Menten complex. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Nitroxides catalytically protect heme proteins against inactivation induced by H2O2 revealing an additional role played by nitroxide antioxidants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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14
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Maiocchi SL, Morris JC, Rees MD, Thomas SR. Regulation of the nitric oxide oxidase activity of myeloperoxidase by pharmacological agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:90-115. [PMID: 28344126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The leukocyte-derived heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released extracellularly during inflammation and impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by directly oxidizing NO or producing NO-consuming substrate radicals. Here, structurally diverse pharmacological agents with activities as MPO substrates/inhibitors or antioxidants were screened for their effects on MPO NO oxidase activity in human plasma and physiological model systems containing endogenous MPO substrates/antioxidants (tyrosine, urate, ascorbate). Hydrazide-based irreversible/reversible MPO inhibitors (4-ABAH, isoniazid) or the sickle cell anaemia drug, hydroxyurea, all promoted MPO NO oxidase activity. This involved the capacity of NO to antagonize MPO inhibition by hydrazide-derived radicals and/or the ability of drug-derived radicals to stimulate MPO turnover thereby increasing NO consumption by MPO redox intermediates or NO-consuming radicals. In contrast, the mechanism-based irreversible MPO inhibitor 2-thioxanthine, potently inhibited MPO turnover and NO consumption. Although the phenolics acetaminophen and resveratrol initially increased MPO turnover and NO consumption, they limited the overall extent of NO loss by rapidly depleting H2O2 and promoting the formation of ascorbyl radicals, which inefficiently consume NO. The vitamin E analogue trolox inhibited MPO NO oxidase activity in ascorbate-depleted fluids by scavenging NO-consuming tyrosyl and urate radicals. Tempol and related nitroxides decreased NO consumption in ascorbate-replete fluids by scavenging MPO-derived ascorbyl radicals. Indoles or apocynin yielded marginal effects. Kinetic analyses rationalized differences in drug activities and identified criteria for the improved inhibition of MPO NO oxidase activity. This study reveals that widely used agents have important implications for MPO NO oxidase activity under physiological conditions, highlighting new pharmacological strategies for preserving NO bioavailability during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Maiocchi
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martin D Rees
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shane R Thomas
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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15
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Samuni A, Maimon E, Goldstein S. Nitroxides catalytically inhibit nitrite oxidation and heme inactivation induced by H 2O 2, nitrite and metmyoglobin or methemoglobin. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:491-499. [PMID: 27826125 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stable nitroxide radicals have multiple biological effects, although the mechanisms underlying them are not fully understood. Their protective effect against oxidative damage has been mainly attributed to scavenging deleterious radicals, oxidizing reduced metal ions and reducing oxyferryl centers of heme proteins. Yet, the potential of nitroxides to protect heme proteins against inactivation while suppressing or enhancing their catalytic activities has been largely overlooked. We have studied the effect of nitroxides, including TPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl), 4-OH-TPO, 4-oxo-TPO and 3-carbamoyl proxyl, on the peroxidase-like activity of metmyoglobin (MbFeIII) and methemoglobin (HbFeIII) using nitrite as an electron donor by following heme absorption, H2O2 consumption, O2 evolution and nitrite oxidation. The results demonstrate that the peroxidase-like activity is accompanied by a progressive heme inactivation where MbFeIII is far more resistant than HbFeIII. Nitroxides convert the peroxidase-like activity into catalase-like activity while inhibiting heme inactivation and nitrite oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The nitroxide facilitates H2O2 dismutation, yet none of its reactions with any of the intermediates formed in these systems is rate-determining, and therefore its effect on the rate of the catalysis is hardly dependent on the kind of the nitroxide derivative and its concentration. The nitroxide at µM concentrations range catalytically inhibits nitrite oxidation, and consequently prevents tyrosine nitration induced by heme protein/H2O2/nitrite due to its fast oxidation by •NO2 forming the respective oxoammonium cation, which is reduced back to the nitroxide by H2O2 and by superoxide radical. The nitroxides are superior over common antioxidants, which their reaction with •NO2 always yields secondary radicals leading eventually to consumption of the antioxidant. A mechanism is proposed, and the kinetic simulations fit very well the experimental data in the case of MbFeIII where most of the rate constants of the reactions involved are independently known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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16
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Samuni U, Czapski G, Goldstein S. Nitroxide radicals as research tools: Elucidating the kinetics and mechanisms of catalase-like and "suicide inactivation" of metmyoglobin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1409-16. [PMID: 27062906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metmyoglobin (MbFe(III)) reaction with H(2)O(2) has been a subject of study over many years. H(2)O(2) alone promotes heme destruction frequently denoted "suicide inactivation," yet the mechanism underlying H(2)O(2) dismutation associated with MbFe(III) inactivation remains obscure. METHODS MbFe(III) reaction with excess H(2)O(2) in the absence and presence of the nitroxide was studied at pH 5.3-8.1 and 25°C by direct determination of reaction rate constants using rapid-mixing stopped-flow technique, by following H(2)O(2) depletion, O(2) evolution, spectral changes of the heme protein, and the fate of the nitroxide by EPR spectroscopy. RESULTS The rates of both H(2)O(2) dismutation and heme inactivation processes depend on [MbFe(III)], [H(2)O(2)] and pH. Yet the inactivation stoichiometry is independent of these variables and each MbFe(III) molecule catalyzes the dismutation of 50±10 H(2)O(2) molecules until it is inactivated. The nitroxide catalytically enhances the catalase-like activity of MbFe(III) while protecting the heme against inactivation. The rate-determining step in the absence and presence of the nitroxide is the reduction of MbFe(IV)O by H(2)O(2) and by nitroxide, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The nitroxide effects on H(2)O(2) dismutation catalyzed by MbFe(III) demonstrate that MbFe(IV)O reduction by H(2)O(2) is the rate-determining step of this process. The proposed mechanism, which adequately fits the pro-catalytic and protective effects of the nitroxide, implies the intermediacy of a compound I-H(2)O(2) adduct, which decomposes to a MbFe(IV)O and an inactivated heme at a ratio of 25:1. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The effects of nitroxides are instrumental in elucidating the mechanism underlying the catalysis and inactivation routes of heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Samuni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Gideon Czapski
- The Accelerator Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- The Accelerator Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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17
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Eto H, Hyodo F, Kosem N, Kobayashi R, Yasukawa K, Nakao M, Kiniwa M, Utsumi H. Redox imaging of skeletal muscle using in vivo DNP-MRI and its application to an animal model of local inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1097-104. [PMID: 26505925 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of skeletal muscle are often associated with inflammation and alterations in redox status. A non-invasive technique that could localize and evaluate the severity of skeletal muscle inflammation based on its redox environment would be useful for disease identification and monitoring, and for the development of treatments; however, no such technique currently exists. We describe a method for redox imaging of skeletal muscle using dynamic nuclear polarization magnetic resonance imaging (DNP-MRI), and apply this method to an animal model of local inflammation. Female C57/BL6 mice received injections of 0.5% bupivacaine into their gastrocnemius muscles. Plasma biomarkers, myeloperoxidase activity, and histological sections were assessed at 4 and 24h after bupivacaine injection to measure the inflammatory response. In vivo DNP-MRI was performed with the nitroxyl radicals carbamoyl-PROXYL (cell permeable) and carboxy-PROXYL (cell impermeable) as molecular imaging probes at 4 and 24h after bupivacaine administration. The images obtained after carbamoyl-PROXYL administration were confirmed with the results of L-band EPR spectroscopy. The plasma biomarkers, myeloperoxidase activity, and histological findings indicated that bupivacaine injection caused acute muscle damage and inflammation. DNP-MRI images of mice treated with carbamoyl-PROXYL or carboxy-PROXYL at 4 and 24h after bupivacaine injection showed similar increases in image intensity and decay rate was significantly increased at 24h. In addition, reduction rates in individual mice at 4h and 24h showed faster trends with bupivacaine injection than in their contralateral sides by image-based analysis. These findings indicate that in vivo DNP-MRI with nitroxyl radicals can non-invasively detect changes in the focal redox status of muscle resulting from locally-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Eto
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Japan.
| | - Nutavutt Kosem
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Ryoma Kobayashi
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Keiji Yasukawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan; Drug Innovation Research Center, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakao
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Division of Metabolomics, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kiniwa
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Hideo Utsumi
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Japan
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18
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Kim CHJ, Mitchell JB, Bursill CA, Sowers AL, Thetford A, Cook JA, van Reyk DM, Davies MJ. The nitroxide radical TEMPOL prevents obesity, hyperlipidaemia, elevation of inflammatory cytokines, and modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition in apoE-/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:234-41. [PMID: 25818249 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nitroxide compound TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl radical) has been shown to prevent obesity-induced changes in adipokines in cell and animal systems. In this study we investigated whether supplementation with TEMPOL inhibits inflammation and atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed for 12 weeks on standard chow diet or a high-fat diet. Half the mice were supplemented with 10 mg/g TEMPOL in their food. Plasma samples were analysed for triglycerides, cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, inflammatory cytokines and markers (interleukin-6, IL-6; monocyte-chemotactic protein, MCP-1; myeloperoxidase, MPO; serum amyloid A, SAA; adiponectin; leptin). Plaques in the aortic sinus were analysed for area, and content of collagen, lipid, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. RESULTS High fat feeding resulted in marked increases in body mass and plasma lipid levels. Dietary TEMPOL decreased both parameters. In the high-fat-fed mice significant elevations in plasma lipid levels and the inflammatory markers IL-6, MCP-1, MPO, SAA were detected, along with an increase in leptin and a decrease in adiponectin. TEMPOL supplementation reversed these effects. When compared to HFD-fed mice, TEMPOL supplementation increased plaque collagen content, decreased lipid content and increased macrophage numbers. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that in a well-established model of obesity-associated hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis, TEMPOL had a significant impact on body mass, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidaemia and inflammation. TEMPOL may therefore be of value in suppressing obesity, metabolic disorders and increasing atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H J Kim
- Free Radical Group, Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - James B Mitchell
- National Cancer Institute, Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Building 10, Room B3-B69, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Immunobiology Group, Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Anastasia L Sowers
- National Cancer Institute, Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Building 10, Room B3-B69, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Angela Thetford
- National Cancer Institute, Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Building 10, Room B3-B69, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - John A Cook
- National Cancer Institute, Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Building 10, Room B3-B69, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - David M van Reyk
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Michael J Davies
- Free Radical Group, Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Building 4.5, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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19
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Ott C, Grune T, Bartosz G. Posttranslational protein modifications by reactive nitrogen and chlorine species and strategies for their prevention and elimination. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1267-84. [PMID: 25119970 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.953494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are subject to various posttranslational modifications, some of them being undesired from the point of view of metabolic efficiency. Prevention of such modifications is expected to provide new means of therapy of diseases and decelerate the process of aging. In this review, modifications of proteins by reactive nitrogen species and reactive halogen species, is briefly presented and means of prevention of these modifications and their sequelae are discussed, including the denitrase activity and inhibitors of myeloperoxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszów , Rzeszów , Poland
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20
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Seidel A, Parker H, Turner R, Dickerhof N, Khalilova IS, Wilbanks SM, Kettle AJ, Jameson GNL. Uric acid and thiocyanate as competing substrates of lactoperoxidase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21937-49. [PMID: 24928513 PMCID: PMC4139211 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.544957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological function of urate is poorly understood. It may act as a danger signal, an antioxidant, or a substrate for heme peroxidases. Whether it reacts sufficiently rapidly with lactoperoxidase (LPO) to act as a physiological substrate remains unknown. LPO is a mammalian peroxidase that plays a key role in the innate immune defense by oxidizing thiocyanate to the bactericidal and fungicidal agent hypothiocyanite. We now demonstrate that urate is a good substrate for bovine LPO. Urate was oxidized by LPO to produce the electrophilic intermediates dehydrourate and 5-hydroxyisourate, which decayed to allantoin. In the presence of superoxide, high yields of hydroperoxides were formed by LPO and urate. Using stopped-flow spectroscopy, we determined rate constants for the reaction of urate with compound I (k1 = 1.1 × 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)) and compound II (k2 = 8.5 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1)). During urate oxidation, LPO was diverted from its peroxidase cycle because hydrogen peroxide reacted with compound II to give compound III. At physiologically relevant concentrations, urate competed effectively with thiocyanate, the main substrate of LPO for oxidation, and inhibited production of hypothiocyanite. Similarly, hypothiocyanite-dependent killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited by urate. Allantoin was present in human saliva and associated with the concentration of LPO. When hydrogen peroxide was added to saliva, oxidation of urate was dependent on its concentration and peroxidase activity. Our findings establish urate as a likely physiological substrate for LPO that will influence host defense and give rise to reactive electrophilic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Seidel
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054
| | - Heather Parker
- the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand, and
| | - Rufus Turner
- the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand, and
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand, and
| | - Irada S Khalilova
- the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand, and
| | - Sigurd M Wilbanks
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand, and
| | - Guy N L Jameson
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054,
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21
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Kajer TB, Fairfull-Smith KE, Yamasaki T, Yamada KI, Fu S, Bottle SE, Hawkins CL, Davies MJ. Inhibition of myeloperoxidase- and neutrophil-mediated oxidant production by tetraethyl and tetramethyl nitroxides. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:96-105. [PMID: 24566469 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The powerful oxidant HOCl (hypochlorous acid and its corresponding anion, (-)OCl) generated by the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-Cl(-) system of activated leukocytes is strongly associated with multiple human inflammatory diseases; consequently there is considerable interest in inhibition of this enzyme. Nitroxides are established antioxidants of low toxicity that can attenuate oxidation in animal models, with this ascribed to superoxide dismutase or radical-scavenging activities. We have shown (M.D. Rees et al., Biochem. J. 421, 79-86, 2009) that nitroxides, including 4-amino-TEMPO (4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl radical), are potent inhibitors of HOCl formation by isolated MPO and activated neutrophils, with IC50 values of ~1 and ~6 µM respectively. The utility of tetramethyl-substituted nitroxides is, however, limited by their rapid reduction by biological reductants. The corresponding tetraethyl-substituted nitroxides have, however, been reported to be less susceptible to reduction. In this study we show that the tetraethyl species were reduced less rapidly than the tetramethyl species by both human plasma (89-99% decreased rate of reduction) and activated human neutrophils (62-75% decreased rate). The tetraethyl-substituted nitroxides retained their ability to inhibit HOCl production by MPO and activated neutrophils with IC50 values in the low-micromolar range; in some cases inhibition was enhanced compared to tetramethyl substitution. Nitroxides with rigid structures (fused oxaspiro rings) were, however, inactive. Overall, these data indicate that tetraethyl-substituted nitroxides are potent inhibitors of oxidant formation by MPO, with longer plasma and cellular half-lives compared to the tetramethyl species, potentially allowing lower doses to be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey B Kajer
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Fairfull-Smith
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Shanlin Fu
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven E Bottle
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Davies
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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22
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Forbes LV, Sjögren T, Auchère F, Jenkins DW, Thong B, Laughton D, Hemsley P, Pairaudeau G, Turner R, Eriksson H, Unitt JF, Kettle AJ. Potent reversible inhibition of myeloperoxidase by aromatic hydroxamates. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36636-47. [PMID: 24194519 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) promotes oxidative stress in numerous inflammatory pathologies by producing hypohalous acids. Its inadvertent activity is a prime target for pharmacological control. Previously, salicylhydroxamic acid was reported to be a weak reversible inhibitor of MPO. We aimed to identify related hydroxamates that are good inhibitors of the enzyme. We report on three hydroxamates as the first potent reversible inhibitors of MPO. The chlorination activity of purified MPO was inhibited by 50% by a 5 nm concentration of a trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic hydroxamate, HX1. The hydroxamates were specific for MPO in neutrophils and more potent toward MPO compared with a broad range of redox enzymes and alternative targets. Surface plasmon resonance measurements showed that the strength of binding of hydroxamates to MPO correlated with the degree of enzyme inhibition. The crystal structure of MPO-HX1 revealed that the inhibitor was bound within the active site cavity above the heme and blocked the substrate channel. HX1 was a mixed-type inhibitor of the halogenation activity of MPO with respect to both hydrogen peroxide and halide. Spectral analyses demonstrated that hydroxamates can act variably as substrates for MPO and convert the enzyme to a nitrosyl ferrous intermediate. This property was unrelated to their ability to inhibit MPO. We propose that aromatic hydroxamates bind tightly to the active site of MPO and prevent it from producing hypohalous acids. This mode of reversible inhibition has potential for blocking the activity of MPO and limiting oxidative stress during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa V Forbes
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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The carbonylation and covalent dimerization of human superoxide dismutase 1 caused by its bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity is inhibited by the radical scavenger tempol. Biochem J 2013; 455:37-46. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20130180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nitroxide tempol inhibited the carbonylation and covalent dimerization of human superoxide dismutase 1 caused by its bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity. Tempol acted by scavenging the produced carbonate radical and by recombining with hSOD1-Trp32• radicals as indicated by MS/MS evidence.
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Nussbaum C, Klinke A, Adam M, Baldus S, Sperandio M. Myeloperoxidase: a leukocyte-derived protagonist of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:692-713. [PMID: 22823200 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The heme-enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is one of the major neutrophil bactericidal proteins and is stored in large amounts inside azurophilic granules of neutrophils. Upon cell activation, MPO is released and extracellular MPO has been detected in a wide range of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Recent ADVANCES AND CRITICAL ISSUES: Apart from its role during infection, MPO has emerged as a critical modulator of inflammation throughout the last decade and is currently discussed in the initiation and propagation of cardiovascular diseases. MPO-derived oxidants (e.g., hypochlorous acid) interfere with various cell functions and contribute to tissue injury. Recent data also suggest that MPO itself exerts proinflammatory properties independent of its catalytic activity. Despite advances in unraveling the complex action of MPO and MPO-derived oxidants, further research is warranted to determine the precise nature and biological role of MPO in inflammation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of MPO as a central player in inflammation renders this enzyme an attractive prognostic biomarker and a potential target for therapeutic interventions. A better understanding of the (patho-) physiology of MPO is essential for the development of successful treatment strategies in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nussbaum
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Freewan M, Rees MD, Plaza TSS, Glaros E, Lim YJ, Wang XS, Yeung AWS, Witting PK, Terentis AC, Thomas SR. Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a catalyst of physiological heme peroxidase reactions: implications for the inhibition of dioxygenase activity by hydrogen peroxide. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:1548-67. [PMID: 23209301 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.410993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a key regulator of immune responses through catalyzing l-tryptophan (l-Trp) oxidation. Here, we show that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) activates the peroxidase function of IDO to induce protein oxidation and inhibit dioxygenase activity. Exposure of IDO-expressing cells or recombinant human IDO (rIDO) to H(2)O(2) inhibited dioxygenase activity in a manner abrogated by l-Trp. Dioxygenase inhibition correlated with IDO-catalyzed H(2)O(2) consumption, compound I-mediated formation of protein-centered radicals, altered protein secondary structure, and opening of the distal heme pocket to promote nonproductive substrate binding; these changes were inhibited by l-Trp, the heme ligand cyanide, or free radical scavengers. Protection by l-Trp coincided with its oxidation into oxindolylalanine and kynurenine and the formation of a compound II-type ferryl-oxo heme. Physiological peroxidase substrates, ascorbate or tyrosine, enhanced rIDO-mediated H(2)O(2) consumption and attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced protein oxidation and dioxygenase inhibition. In the presence of H(2)O(2), rIDO catalytically consumed nitric oxide (NO) and utilized nitrite to promote 3-nitrotyrosine formation on IDO. The promotion of H(2)O(2) consumption by peroxidase substrates, NO consumption, and IDO nitration was inhibited by l-Trp. This study identifies IDO as a heme peroxidase that, in the absence of substrates, self-inactivates dioxygenase activity via compound I-initiated protein oxidation. l-Trp protects against dioxygenase inactivation by reacting with compound I and retarding compound II reduction to suppress peroxidase turnover. Peroxidase-mediated dioxygenase inactivation, NO consumption, or protein nitration may modulate the biological actions of IDO expressed in inflammatory tissues where the levels of H(2)O(2) and NO are elevated and l-Trp is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Freewan
- Centre for Vascular Research and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Queiroz RF, Jordão AK, Cunha AC, Ferreira VF, Brigagão MRPL, Malvezzi A, Amaral ATD, Augusto O. Nitroxides attenuate carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat paws by reducing neutrophil infiltration and the resulting myeloperoxidase-mediated damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1942-53. [PMID: 22982597 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) and other cyclic nitroxides have been shown to inhibit the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in vitro and in cells. To examine whether nitroxides inhibit MPO activity in vivo we selected acute carrageenan-induced inflammation on the rat paw as a model. Tempol and three more hydrophobic 4-substituted derivatives (4-azido, 4-benzenesulfonyl, and 4-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)) were synthesized, and their ability to inhibit the in vitro chlorinating activity of MPO and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat paws was evaluated. All of the tested nitroxides inhibited the chlorinating activity of MPO in vitro with similar IC(50) values (between 1.5 and 1.8 μM). In vivo, the attenuation of carrageenan-induced inflammation showed some correlation with the lipophilicity of the nitroxide at early time points but the differences in the effects were small (<2-fold) compared with the differences in lipophilicity (>200-fold). No inhibition of MPO activity in vivo was evident because the levels of MPO activity in rat paws correlated with the levels of MPO protein. Likewise, paw edema, levels of nitrated and oxidized proteins, and levels of plasma exudation correlated with the levels of MPO protein in the paws of the animals that were untreated or treated with the nitroxides. The effects of the nitroxides in vivo were compared with those of 4-aminobenzoic hydrazide and of colchicine. Taken together, the results indicate that nitroxides attenuate carrageenan-induced inflammation mainly by reducing neutrophil migration and the resulting MPO-mediated damage. Accordingly, tempol was shown to inhibit rat neutrophil migration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael F Queiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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