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Miner MV, Rauch I. Why put yourself on a pedestal? The pathogenic role of the A/E pedestal. Infect Immun 2024:e0048923. [PMID: 38591884 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00489-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Certain Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains are attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion pathogens that primarily infect intestinal epithelial cells. They cause actin restructuring and polymerization within the host cell to create an actin-rich protrusion below the site of adherence, termed the pedestal. Although there is clarity on the pathways initiating pedestal formation, the underlying purpose(s) of the pedestal remains ambiguous. The conservation of pedestal-forming activity across multiple pathogens and redundancy in formation pathways indicate a pathogenic advantage. However, few decisive conclusions have been drawn, given that the results vary between model systems. Some research argues that the pedestal increases the colonization capability of the bacterium. These studies utilize A/E pathogens specifically deficient in pedestal formation to evaluate adhesion and intestinal colonization following infection. There have been many proposed mechanisms for the colonization benefit conferred by the pedestal. One suggested benefit is that the pedestal allows for direct cytosolic anchoring through incorporation of the established host cortical actin, causing a stable link between the pathogen and cell structure. The pedestal may confer enhanced motility, as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are better able to migrate on the surface of host cells and infect neighboring cells in the presence of the pedestal. Additionally, some research suggests that the pedestal improves effector delivery. This review will investigate the purpose of pedestal formation using evidence from recent literature and will critically evaluate the methodology and model systems. Most importantly, we will contextualize the proposed functions to reconcile potential synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Miner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - I Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Wang C, Paiva TO, Motta C, Speziale P, Pietrocola G, Dufrêne YF. Catch Bond-Mediated Adhesion Drives Staphylococcus aureus Host Cell Invasion. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37267288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Various viruses and pathogenic bacteria interact with annexin A2 to invade mammalian cells. Here, we show that Staphylococcus aureus engages in extremely strong catch bonds for host cell invasion. By means of single-molecule atomic force microscopy, we find that bacterial surface-located clumping factors bind annexin A2 with extraordinary strength, indicating that these bonds are extremely resilient to mechanical tension. By determining the lifetimes of the complexes under increasing mechanical stress, we demonstrate that the adhesins form catch bonds with their ligand that are capable to sustain forces of 1500-1700 pN. The force-dependent adhesion mechanism identified here provides a molecular framework to explain how S. aureus pathogens tightly attach to host cells during invasion and shows promise for the design of new therapeutics against intracellular S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Telmo O Paiva
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Chiara Motta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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3
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Zhang H, Lu D, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Raheem A, Chen Y, Chen X, Hu C, Chen H, Yang L, Guo A. Annexin A2 regulates Mycoplasma bovis adhesion and invasion to embryo bovine lung cells affecting molecular expression essential to inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974006. [PMID: 36159852 PMCID: PMC9493479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important pathogen of the bovine respiratory disease complex, invading lower respiratory tracts and causing severe pneumonia. However, its molecular mechanism largely remains unknown. Host annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein. The current study sought to determine whether ANXA2 could mediate M. bovis adhesion and invasion thereby affecting its induction of inflammatory response. ANXA2 expression was upregulated in M. bovis-infected bovine lung epithelial cells (EBL), and blocking ANXA2 with an anti-ANXA2 antibody reduced M. bovis adhesion to EBL. Compared with uninfected cells, more ANXA2 was translocated from the cytoplasm to the cell surface after M. bovis infection. Furthermore, RNA interference knockdown of ANXA2 expression in EBL cells resulted in a significant decrease in M. bovis invasion and F-actin polymerization. Next, the transcriptomic study of M. bovis-infected EBL cells with and without ANXA2 knockdown were performed. The data exhibited that ANXA2 knockdown EBL cells had 2487 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 1175 upregulated and 1312 downregulated compared to control. According to GO and KEGG analyses, 50 genes potentially linked to inflammatory responses, 23 involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, and 48 associated with PI3K-AKT signal pathways were upregulated, while 38 mRNA binding genes, 16 mRNA 3′-UTR binding genes, and 34 RNA transport genes were downregulated. Furthermore, 19 genes with various change-folds were selected for qPCR verification, and the results agreed with the RNA-seq findings. Above all, the transcription of two chemokines (IL-8 and CXCL5) and a key bovine β-defensin TAP in IL-17 signaling pathway were significantly increased in ANXA2 knockdown cells. Moreover, ANXA2 knockdown or knockout could increase NF-κB and MAPK phosphorylation activity in response to M. bovis infection. Additionally, ANXA2 knockdown also significantly decreased the CD44 transcripts via exon V3 and V7 skipping after M. bovis infection. We concluded that M. bovis borrowed host ANXA2 to mediate its adhesion and invasion thereby negatively regulating molecular expression essential to IL-17 signal pathway. Furthermore, CD44 V3 and V7 isoforms might contribute to this ANXA2 meditated processes in M. bovis infected EBL cells. These findings revealed a new understanding of pathogenesis for M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdul Raheem
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Aizhen Guo,
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A new role for host annexin A2 in establishing bacterial adhesion to vascular endothelial cells: lines of evidence from atomic force microscopy and an in vivo study. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1650-1660. [PMID: 31253864 PMCID: PMC6913097 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding bacterial adhesion is challenging and critical to our understanding of the initial stages of the pathogenesis of endovascular bacterial infections. The vascular endothelial cell (EC) is the main target of Rickettsia, an obligately intracellular bacterium that causes serious systemic disease in humans and animals. But the mechanism(s) underlying bacterial adherence to ECs under shear stress from flowing blood prior to activation are unknown for any bacteria. Although host surface annexin a2 (ANXA2) has been identified to participate in efficient bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, direct evidence is lacking in the field of bacterial infections of ECs. In the present study, we employ a novel, anatomically based, in vivo quantitative bacterial-adhesion-to-vascular-EC system, combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), to examine the role of endothelial luminal surface ANXA2 during rickettsial adherence to ECs. We also examined whether ANXA2 antibody affected binding of Staphylococcus aureus to ECs. We found that deletion of ANXA2 impeded rickettsial attachment to the ECs in vitro and blocked rickettsial adherence to the blood vessel luminal surface in vivo. The AFM studies established that EC surface ANXA2 acts as an adherence receptor for rickettsiae, and that rickettsial adhesin OmpB is the associated bacterial ligand. Furthermore, pretreatment of ECs with anti-ANXA2 antibody reduced EC surface-associated S. aureus. We conclude that the endothelial surface ANXA2 plays an important role in initiating pathogen-host interactions, ultimately leading to bacterial anchoring on the vascular luminal surface.
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Zibouche M, Illien F, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Annexin A2 expression and partners during epithelial cell differentiation. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:612-620. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the annexin family of calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins participate in different cellular processes. Annexin A2 binds to S100A10, forming a functional heterotetrameric protein that has been involved in many cellular functions, such as exocytosis, endocytosis, cell junction formation, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Herein, we studied annexin A2 cellular movements and looked for its partners during epithelial cell differentiation. By using immunofluorescence, mass spectrometry (MS), and western blot analyses after S100A10 affinity column separation, we identified several annexin A2–S100A10 partner candidates. The association of putative annexin A2–S100A10 partner candidates obtained by MS after column affinity was validated by immunofluorescence and sucrose density gradient separation. The results show that three proteins are clearly associated with annexin A2: E-cadherin, actin, and caveolin 1. Overall, the data show that annexin A2 can associate with molecular complexes containing actin, caveolin 1, and flotillin 2 before epithelial differentiation and with complexes containing E-cadherin, actin, and caveolin 1, but not flotillin 2 after cell differentiation. The results indicate that actin, caveolin 1, and E-cadherin are the principal protein partners of annexin A2 in epithelial cells and that the serine phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain does not play an essential role during epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Zibouche
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
| | - Françoise Illien
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jesus Ayala-Sanmartin
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
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6
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Moulick A, Heger Z, Milosavljevic V, Richtera L, Barroso-Flores J, Merlos Rodrigo MA, Buchtelova H, Podgajny R, Hynek D, Kopel P, Adam V. Real-Time Visualization of Cell Membrane Damage Using Gadolinium-Schiff Base Complex-Doped Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35859-35868. [PMID: 30264566 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of cell membranes for maintenance of integrity of cellular structures, there is still a lack of methods that allow simple real-time visualization of their damage. Herein, we describe gadolinium-Schiff base-doped quantum dots (GdQDs)-based probes for a fast facile spatial labeling of membrane injuries. We found that GdQDs preferentially interact through electron-rich and hydrophobic residues with a specific sequence motif of NHE-RF2 scaffold protein, exposed upon membrane damage. Such interaction results in a fast formation of intensively fluorescent droplets with a higher resolution and in a much shorter time compared to immunofluorescence using organic dye. GdQDs have high stability, brightness, and considerable cytocompatibility, which enable their use in long-term experiments in living cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report, demonstrating a method allowing real-time monitoring of membrane damage and recovery without any special requirements for instrumentation. Because of intensive brightness and simple signal pattern, GdQDs allow easy examination of interactions between cellular membranes and cell-penetrating peptides or cytostatic drugs. We anticipate that the simple and flexible method will also facilitate the studies dealing with host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Moulick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , CZ-612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , CZ-612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , CZ-612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Joaquin Barroso-Flores
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Unidad San Cayetano , CP-50200 Toluca , Estado de México , Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , CZ-612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Hana Buchtelova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , PL 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , CZ-612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , CZ-612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , CZ-612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
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7
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Kuehnl A, Musiol A, Raabe CA, Rescher U. Emerging functions as host cell factors - an encyclopedia of annexin-pathogen interactions. Biol Chem 2017; 397:949-59. [PMID: 27366904 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases and drug-resistant infectious agents call for the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies. With pathogenicity now considered to arise from the complex and bi-directional interplay between a microbe and the host, host cell factor targeting has emerged as a promising approach that might overcome the limitations of classical antimicrobial drug development and could open up novel and efficient therapeutic strategies. Interaction with and modulation of host cell membranes is a recurrent theme in the host-microbe relationship. In this review, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the role of the Ca2+ dependent, membrane-binding annexin protein family in pathogen-host interactions, and discuss their emerging functions as host cell derived auxiliary proteins in microbe-host interactions and host cell targets.
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8
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Ashraf S, Cheng J, Zhao X. Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus interacts with AnnexinA2 on mammary epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40608. [PMID: 28102235 PMCID: PMC5244385 DOI: 10.1038/srep40608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of major pathogens that can cause a series of diseases in different hosts. In the bovine, it mainly causes subclinical and contagious mastitis, but its mechanisms of infection are not fully understood. Considering the fact that virulence factors play key roles in interactions between the bacterium and host cells, this study aimed to identify if a binding partner of S. aureus clumping factor A (ClfA) exists on the bovine mammary epithelial cells. The ClfA protein was used as a bait to pull down lysates of cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells). One pull-down protein was identified through use of mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analyses as bovine AnnexinA2. The Western blot and in vitro binding assay confirmed that the full A domain of ClfA was necessary to bind to AnnexinA2. In addition, the interaction between ClfA and AnnexinA2 was validated biochemically by ELISA with a KD value of 418+/−93 nM. The confocal microscopy demonstrated that ClfA and AnnexinA2 partially co-localized in the plasma membrane and that the majority of them were transported into cytoplasm. Taken together, the results demonstrate that ClfA binds with AnnexinA2 and this interaction could mediate S. aureus invasion into bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Ashraf
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X3V9, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X3V9, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X3V9, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Guignot J, Tran Van Nhieu G. Bacterial Control of Pores Induced by the Type III Secretion System: Mind the Gap. Front Immunol 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 27014264 PMCID: PMC4783396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are specialized secretion apparatus involved in the virulence of many Gram-negative pathogens, enabling the injection of bacterial type III effectors into host cells. The T3SS-dependent injection of effectors requires the insertion into host cell membranes of a pore-forming "translocon," whose effects on cell responses remain ill-defined. As opposed to pore-forming toxins that damage host cell plasma membranes and induce cell survival mechanisms, T3SS-dependent pore formation is transient, being regulated by cell membrane repair mechanisms or bacterial effectors. Here, we review host cell responses to pore formation induced by T3SSs associated with the loss of plasma membrane integrity and regulation of innate immunity. We will particularly focus on recent advances in mechanisms controlling pore formation and the activity of the T3SS linked to type III effectors or bacterial proteases. The implications of the regulation of the T3SS translocon activity during the infectious process will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guignot
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7241, Paris, France; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7241, Paris, France; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
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10
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Stradal TEB, Costa SCP. Type III Secreted Virulence Factors Manipulating Signaling to Actin Dynamics. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 399:175-199. [PMID: 27744505 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of bacterial pathogenesis is the colonization and persistence within the host and, later on, its dissemination to new niches. During evolution, bacteria developed a myriad of virulence mechanisms to usurp the host's sophisticated defense mechanisms in order to establish their colonization niche. Elucidation of the highly dynamic and complex interactions between host and pathogens remains an important field of study. Here, we highlight the conserved manipulation of the actin cytoskeleton by some Gram-negative gastrointestinal pathogens, addressing the role of type III secreted bacterial GEFs at the different steps of pathogenesis. As a final topic, we review cytoskeleton dynamics induced by EPEC/EHEC strains for pedestal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia E B Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Baunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sonia C P Costa
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Baunschweig, Germany
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11
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Blasche S, Arens S, Ceol A, Siszler G, Schmidt MA, Häuser R, Schwarz F, Wuchty S, Aloy P, Uetz P, Stradal T, Koegl M. The EHEC-host interactome reveals novel targets for the translocated intimin receptor. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7531. [PMID: 25519916 PMCID: PMC4269881 DOI: 10.1038/srep07531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) manipulate their human host through at least 39 effector proteins which hijack host processes through direct protein-protein interactions (PPIs). To identify their protein targets in the host cells, we performed yeast two-hybrid screens, allowing us to find 48 high-confidence protein-protein interactions between 15 EHEC effectors and 47 human host proteins. In comparison to other bacteria and viruses we found that EHEC effectors bind more frequently to hub proteins as well as to proteins that participate in a higher number of protein complexes. The data set includes six new interactions that involve the translocated intimin receptor (TIR), namely HPCAL1, HPCAL4, NCALD, ARRB1, PDE6D, and STK16. We compared these TIR interactions in EHEC and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and found that five interactions were conserved. Notably, the conserved interactions included those of serine/threonine kinase 16 (STK16), hippocalcin-like 1 (HPCAL1) as well as neurocalcin-delta (NCALD). These proteins co-localize with the infection sites of EPEC. Furthermore, our results suggest putative functions of poorly characterized effectors (EspJ, EspY1). In particular, we observed that EspJ is connected to the microtubule system while EspY1 appears to be involved in apoptosis/cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Blasche
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Arens
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, D-48149 Münster
| | - Arnaud Ceol
- 1] Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain [2] Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan - Italy
| | - Gabriella Siszler
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Infectiology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster
| | - Roman Häuser
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- 1] Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Miami, 1365 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA [2] Center for Computational Science, Univ. of Miami, 1365 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Patrick Aloy
- 1] Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain [2] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Uetz
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Theresia Stradal
- 1] Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, D-48149 Münster [2] Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig
| | - Manfred Koegl
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Annexin A2 mediates Mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin binding to eukaryotic cells. mBio 2014; 5:mBio.01497-14. [PMID: 25139904 PMCID: PMC4147866 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01497-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae synthesizes a novel human surfactant protein A (SP-A)-binding cytotoxin, designated community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin, that exhibits ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating activities in mammalian cells and is directly linked to a range of acute and chronic airway diseases, including asthma. In our attempt to detect additional CARDS toxin-binding proteins, we subjected the membrane fraction of human A549 airway cells to affinity chromatography using recombinant CARDS toxin as bait. A 36-kDa A549 cell membrane protein bound to CARDS toxin and was identified by time of flight (TOF) mass spectroscopy as annexin A2 (AnxA2) and verified by immunoblotting with anti-AnxA2 monoclonal antibody. Dose-dependent binding of CARDS toxin to recombinant AnxA2 reinforced the specificity of the interaction, and further studies revealed that the carboxy terminus of CARDS toxin mediated binding to AnxA2. In addition, pretreatment of viable A549 cells with anti-AnxA2 monoclonal antibody or AnxA2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced toxin binding and internalization. Immunofluorescence analysis of CARDS toxin-treated A549 cells demonstrated the colocalization of CARDS toxin with cell surface-associated AnxA2 upon initial binding and with intracellular AnxA2 following toxin internalization. HepG2 cells, which express low levels of AnxA2, were transfected with a plasmid expressing AnxA2 protein, resulting in enhanced binding of CARDS toxin and increased vacuolization. In addition, NCI-H441 cells, which express both AnxA2 and SP-A, upon AnxA2 siRNA transfection, showed decreased binding and subsequent vacuolization. These results indicate that CARDS toxin recognizes AnxA2 as a functional receptor, leading to CARDS toxin-induced changes in mammalian cells. Host cell susceptibility to bacterial toxins is usually determined by the presence and abundance of appropriate receptors, which provides a molecular basis for toxin target cell specificities. To perform its ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating activities, community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin must bind to host cell surfaces via receptor-mediated events in order to be internalized and trafficked effectively. Earlier, we reported the binding of CARDS toxin to surfactant protein A (SP-A), and here we show how CARDS toxin uses an alternative receptor to execute its pathogenic properties. CARDS toxin binds selectively to annexin A2 (AnxA2), which exists both on the cell surface and intracellularly. Since AnxA2 regulates membrane dynamics at early stages of endocytosis and trafficking, it serves as a distinct receptor for CARDS toxin binding and internalization and enhances CARDS toxin-induced vacuolization in mammalian cells.
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Jolly C, Winfree S, Hansen B, Steele-Mortimer O. The Annexin A2/p11 complex is required for efficient invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium in epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:64-77. [PMID: 23931152 PMCID: PMC3921270 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The facultative intracellular pathogen, Salmonella enterica, triggers its own uptake into non-phagocytic epithelial cells. Invasion is dependent on a type 3 secretion system (T3SS), which delivers a cohort of effector proteins across the plasma membrane where they induce dynamic actin-driven ruffling of the membrane and ultimately, internalization of the bacteria into a modified phagosome. In eukaryotic cells, the calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein Annexin A2 (AnxA2) functions as a platform for actin remodelling in the vicinity of dynamic cellular membranes. AnxA2 is mostly found in a stable heterotetramer, with p11, which can interact with other proteins such as the giant phosphoprotein AHNAK. We show here that AnxA2, p11 and AHNAK are required for T3SS-mediated Salmonella invasion of cultured epithelial cells and that the T3SS effector SopB is required for recruitment of AnxA2 and AHNAK to Salmonella invasion sites. Altogether this work shows that, in addition to targeting Rho-family GTPases, Salmonella can intersect the host cell actin pathway via AnxA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Jolly
- Salmonella Host-Cell Interactions Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, 59840, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Salmonella Host-Cell Interactions Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, 59840, USA
| | - Bryan Hansen
- Microscopy Unit, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, 59840, USA
| | - Olivia Steele-Mortimer
- Salmonella Host-Cell Interactions Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, 59840, USA
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Lai Y, Rosenshine I, Leong JM, Frankel G. Intimate host attachment: enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15:1796-808. [PMID: 23927593 PMCID: PMC4036124 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli use a novel infection strategy to colonize the gut epithelium, involving translocation of their own receptor, Tir, via a type III secretion system and subsequent formation of attaching and effecting (A/E) lesions. Following integration into the host cell plasma membrane of cultured cells, and clustering by the outer membrane adhesin intimin, Tir triggers multiple actin polymerization pathways involving host and bacterial adaptor proteins that converge on the host Arp2/3 actin nucleator. Although initially thought to be involved in A/E lesion formation, recent data have shown that the known Tir-induced actin polymerization pathways are dispensable for this activity, but can play other major roles in colonization efficiency, in vivo fitness and systemic disease. In this review we summarize the roadmap leading from the discovery of Tir, through the different actin polymerization pathways it triggers, to our current understanding of their physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuShuan Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA
| | - Ilan Rosenshine
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of
Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology Department, Tufts University,
Boston MA, USA
| | - Gad Frankel
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial
College London, London, UK
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