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Huang Q, Liu M, Zhang D, Lin BB, Fu X, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Dong JT. Nitazoxanide inhibits acetylated KLF5-induced bone metastasis by modulating KLF5 function in prostate cancer. BMC Med 2023; 21:68. [PMID: 36810084 PMCID: PMC9945734 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer often metastasizes to the bone, and such bone metastases eventually become resistant to available therapies, leading to the death of patients. Enriched in the bone, TGF-β plays a pivotal role in bone metastasis development. However, directly targeting TGF-β or its receptors has been challenging for the treatment of bone metastasis. We previously found that TGF-β induces and then depends on the acetylation of transcription factor KLF5 at K369 to regulate multiple biological processes, including the induction of EMT, cellular invasiveness, and bone metastasis. Acetylated KLF5 (Ac-KLF5) and its downstream effectors are thus potential therapeutic targets for treating TGF-β-induced bone metastasis in prostate cancer. METHODS A spheroid invasion assay was applied to prostate cancer cells expressing KLF5K369Q, which mimics Ac-KLF5, to screen 1987 FDA-approved drugs for invasion suppression. Luciferase- and KLF5K369Q-expressing cells were injected into nude mice via the tail artery to model bone metastasis. Bioluminescence imaging, micro-CT), and histological analyses were applied to monitor and evaluate bone metastases. RNA-sequencing, bioinformatic, and biochemical analyses were used to understand nitazoxanide (NTZ)-regulated genes, signaling pathways, and the underlying mechanisms. The binding of NTZ to KLF5 proteins was evaluated using fluorescence titration, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and circular dichroism (CD) analysis. RESULTS NTZ, an anthelmintic agent, was identified as a potent invasion inhibitor in the screening and validation assays. In KLF5K369Q-induced bone metastasis, NTZ exerted a potent inhibitory effect in preventive and therapeutic modes. NTZ also inhibited osteoclast differentiation, a cellular process responsible for bone metastasis induced by KLF5K369Q. NTZ attenuated the function of KLF5K369Q in 127 genes' upregulation and 114 genes' downregulation. Some genes' expression changes were significantly associated with worse overall survival in patients with prostate cancer. One such change was the upregulation of MYBL2, which functionally promotes bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Additional analyses demonstrated that NTZ bound to the KLF5 protein, KLF5K369Q bound to the promoter of MYBL2 to activate its transcription, and NTZ attenuated the binding of KLF5K369Q to the MYBL2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS NTZ is a potential therapeutic agent for bone metastasis induced by the TGF-β/Ac-KLF5 signaling axis in prostate cancer and likely other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingcheng Liu
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bing-Biao Lin
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Ivanov MN, Stoyanov DS, Pavlov SP, Tonchev AB. Distribution, Function, and Expression of the Apelinergic System in the Healthy and Diseased Mammalian Brain. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2172. [PMID: 36421846 PMCID: PMC9690544 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a peptide initially isolated from bovine stomach extract, is an endogenous ligand for the Apelin Receptor (APLNR). Subsequently, a second peptide, ELABELA, that can bind to the receptor has been identified. The Apelin receptor and its endogenous ligands are widely distributed in mammalian organs. A growing body of evidence suggests that this system participates in various signaling cascades that can regulate cell proliferation, blood pressure, fluid homeostasis, feeding behavior, and pituitary hormone release. Additional research has been done to elucidate the system's potential role in neurogenesis, the pathophysiology of Glioblastoma multiforme, and the protective effects of apelin peptides on some neurological and psychiatric disorders-ischemic stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease. This review discusses the current knowledge on the apelinergic system's involvement in brain physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N. Ivanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo S. Stoyanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan P. Pavlov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Anton. B. Tonchev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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The Neuroprotective Effect of Shenmai Injection on Oxidative Stress Injury in PC12 Cells Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6969740. [PMID: 35668778 PMCID: PMC9166949 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6969740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Shenmai injection (SMI) has been used in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of SMI for neuroprotection after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of SMI in treating reperfusion injury after AIS and its protective effect on PC12 cells against oxidative stress through in vitro experiments based on network pharmacological predictions. Methods The network pharmacology method was used to collect the compounds in SMI and AIS damage targets, construct the "drug-disease" target interaction network diagram, screen the core targets, and predict the potential mechanism of SMI treatment of AIS. In addition, the oxidative stress model of PC12 cells was induced by H2O2 to evaluate the neuroprotective effect and predictive mechanism of SMI on PC12 cells. Results A component-targeted disease and functional pathway network showed that 24 components from SMI regulated 77 common targets shared by SMI and AIS. In PC12 cells damaged by H2O2, SMI increased cell survival, alleviated oxidative stress injury, prevented cell apoptosis, and increased the expression of APJ, AMPK, and p-GSK-3β. After Si-APJ silenced APJ expression, the above protective effect of SMI was significantly weakened. Conclusion SMI is characterized by multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways and inhibits oxidative stress and alleviates nerve injury induced by H2O2 through regulating the APJ/AMPK/GSK-3β pathway.
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Identification of a KLF5-dependent program and drug development for skeletal muscle atrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102895118. [PMID: 34426497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102895118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is caused by various conditions, including aging, disuse related to a sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity, and cachexia. Our insufficient understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying muscle atrophy limits the targets for the development of effective pharmacologic treatments and preventions. Here, we identified Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a zinc-finger transcription factor, as a key mediator of the early muscle atrophy program. KLF5 was up-regulated in atrophying myotubes as an early response to dexamethasone or simulated microgravity in vitro. Skeletal muscle-selective deletion of Klf5 significantly attenuated muscle atrophy induced by mechanical unloading in mice. Transcriptome- and genome-wide chromatin accessibility analyses revealed that KLF5 regulates atrophy-related programs, including metabolic changes and E3-ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteolysis, in coordination with Foxo1. The synthetic retinoic acid receptor agonist Am80, a KLF5 inhibitor, suppressed both dexamethasone- and microgravity-induced muscle atrophy in vitro and oral Am80 ameliorated disuse- and dexamethasone-induced atrophy in mice. Moreover, in three independent sets of transcriptomic data from human skeletal muscle, KLF5 expression significantly increased with age and the presence of sarcopenia and correlated positively with the expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase genes FBXO32 and TRIM63 These findings demonstrate that KLF5 is a key transcriptional regulator mediating muscle atrophy and that pharmacological intervention with Am80 is a potentially preventive treatment.
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Reducing FASN expression sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to differentiation therapy. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2465-2481. [PMID: 33742137 PMCID: PMC8329134 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the only human lipogenic enzyme available for de novo fatty acid synthesis and is often highly expressed in cancer cells. We found that FASN mRNA levels were significantly higher in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients than in healthy granulocytes or CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. Accordingly, FASN levels decreased during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-mediated granulocytic differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, partially via autophagic degradation. Furthermore, our data suggest that inhibition of FASN expression levels using RNAi or (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) accelerated the differentiation of APL cell lines and significantly re-sensitized ATRA refractory non-APL AML cells. FASN reduction promoted translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) to the nucleus, paralleled by activation of CLEAR network genes and lysosomal biogenesis. Together, our data demonstrate that inhibition of FASN expression in combination with ATRA treatment facilitates granulocytic differentiation of APL cells and may extend differentiation therapy to non-APL AML cells.
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Pioglitazone protects blood vessels through inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway by promoting KLF4 expression in rat models of T2DM. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221480. [PMID: 31829402 PMCID: PMC6928522 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin, identified as the endogenous ligand of APJ, exerts various cardiovascular effects. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of apelin expression in vascular cells is poorly described. Pioglitazone (PIO) and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) exhibit specific biological functions on vascular physiology and pathophysiology by regulating differentiation- and proliferation-related genes. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of PIO and KLF4 in the transcriptional regulation of apelin in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin rat model of diabetes and in PIO-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting assays revealed that the aorta of the Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat models had a high expression of apelin, PIO could decrease the expression of apelin in the PIO-treated rats. In vitro, Western blotting assays and immunofluorescent staining results showed that the basal expression of apelin was decreased but that of KLF4 was increased when VSMCs were stimulated by PIO treatment. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay results suggested that KLF4 bound to the GKLF-binding site of the apelin promoter and negatively regulated the transcription activity of apelin in VSMCs under PIO stimulation. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and Western blotting assay results showed that the overexpression of KLF4 markedly decreased the basal expression of apelin, but the knockdown of KLF4 restored the PIO-induced expression of apelin. In conclusion, PIO inhibited the expression of apelin in T2DM rat models to prevent diabetic macroangiopathy, and negatively regulated the gene transcription of apelin by promoting transcription of KLF4 in the apelin promoter.
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Prevented Vein Grafts Stenosis by Inhibiting Rb-E2F Mediated Cell Cycle Progression and KLF5-RARα Interaction in Human Vein Smooth Muscle Cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:103-111. [PMID: 33044585 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vein graft failure (VGF) is an important limitation for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Inhibition of the excessive proliferation and migration of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is an effective strategy to alleviate VGF during the CABG perioperative period. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on preventing vein grafts stenosis. METHODS The autogenous vein grafts model was established in the right jugular artery of rabbits. Immunohistochemistry staining and western blot assays were used to detected the protein expression, while real-time PCR assay was applied for mRNAs expression detection. The interaction between proteins was identified by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The Cell Counting Kit-8 and wound-healing assays were used to investigate the role of ATRA on human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) function. Cell cycle progression was identified by flow cytometry assay. RESULTS Vein graft stenosis and SMCs hyperproliferation were confirmed in vein grafts by histological and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry assays. Treatment of ATRA (10 mg/kg/day) significantly mitigated the stenosis extent of vein grafts, demonstrated by the decreased thickness of intima-media, and decreased Ki-67 expression. ATRA could repress the PDGF-bb-induced excessive proliferation and migration of HUVSMCs, which was mediated by Rb-E2F dependent cell cycle inhibition. Meanwhile, ATRA could reduce the interaction between KLF5 and RARα, thereby inhibiting the function of cis-elements of KLF5. KLF5-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression activation could be significantly inhibited by ATRA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that ATRA treatment may represent an effective prevention and therapy avenue for VGF.
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Tian Y, Chen R, Jiang Y, Bai B, Yang T, Liu H. The Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Apelin/APJ System on Ischemic Stroke: A Promising Therapeutic Target. Front Neurol 2020; 11:75. [PMID: 32194492 PMCID: PMC7063119 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan receptor APJ and its endogenous ligand apelin, which are expressed in the brain, are the major components of the apelin/APJ system. Growing evidence shows that the apelin/APJ system plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemic injury. Targeting the apelin/APJ system may have protective effects on cerebral ischemic injury. In this review, we sum up the latest research progress relating to the actions and therapeutic potential of the apelin/APJ system in ischemic stroke. An in-depth knowledge of the pathophysiological effects of the apelin/APJ system and the underlying mechanisms will help to develop novel therapeutic interventions for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruijiao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Institute of Neurobiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Institute of Neurobiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Tongju Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zoucheng City, Jining, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, China
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Mechanism of KLF4 Protection against Acute Liver Injury via Inhibition of Apelin Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6140360. [PMID: 31687083 PMCID: PMC6811788 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6140360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a key transcription factor that regulates genes involved in the proliferation or differentiation in different tissues. Apelin plays roles in cardiovascular functions, metabolic disease, and homeostatic disorder. However, the biological function of apelin in liver disease is still ongoing. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of KLF4-mediated protection against acute liver injury via the inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 0.2 mL dissolved in 100 mL olive oil, 10 mL/kg) to establish an acute liver injury model. A KLF4 expression plasmid was injected through the tail vein 48 h before CCl4 treatment. In cultured LX-2 cells, pAd-KLF4 or siRNA KLF4 was overexpressed or knockdown, and the mRNA and protein levels of apelin were determined. The results showed that the apelin serum level in the CCl4-injected group was higher than that of control group, and the expression of apelin in the liver tissues was elevated while KLF4 expression was decreased in the CCl4-injected group compared to the KLF4-plasmid-injected group. HE staining revealed serious hepatocellular steatosis in the CCl4-injected mice, and KLF4 alleviated this steatosis in the mice injected with KLF4 plasmid. In vitro experiments showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) could downregulate the transcription and translation levels of apelin in LX-2 cells and also upregulate KLF4 mRNA and protein expression. RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the overexpression of KLF4 markedly decreased basal apelin expression, but knockdown of KLF4 restored apelin expression in TNF-α-treated LX-2 cells. These in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that KLF4 plays a key role in inhibiting hepatocellular steatosis in acute liver injury, and that its mechanism might be the inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway.
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Zhu J, Gao W, Shan X, Wang C, Wang H, Shao Z, Dou S, Jiang Y, Wang C, Cheng B. Apelin-36 mediates neuroprotective effects by regulating oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146493. [PMID: 31586624 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a common human neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the presence of intraneuronal Lewy bodies composed principally of abnormal aggregated and post-translationally modified α-synuclein. In our previous research, we have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of Apelin-36, a neuroendocrine peptide in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin (MPTP)-lesioned PD model mice. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective mechanism of Apelin-36 against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. The results showed that MPTP-induced the depletion of dopamine in the striatum (STR) was partially reversed by Apelin-36. Apelin-36 also improved the activity of antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and decreased the overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and STR of MPTP-treated mice. Moreover, Apelin-36 downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrated α-synuclein expression. Furthermore, Apelin-36 significantly promoted autophagy indicated by the up-regulation of LC3-II and Beclin1 and inhibition of p62 expression in the SNpc and STR of MPTP-treated mice. The protective effect of Apelin-36 was also associated with the inhibition of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and inactivation of caspase-3. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the neuroprotective mechanism of Apelin-36 against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice might be related to decreasing the aggregation of nitrated α-synuclein and alleviating oxidative stress as well as promoting autophagy and inhibiting ASK1/JNK/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway, which provides a novel strategy for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Zhu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Wenming Gao
- Basic Medical Sciences, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China
| | - Xuehua Shan
- Basic Medical Sciences, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Ziqi Shao
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Dou
- Basic Medical Sciences, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China
| | - Chuangong Wang
- Basic Medical Sciences, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China.
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China.
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Zhang YP, Liu KL, Wang YX, Yang Z, Han ZW, Lu BS, Qi JC, Yin YW, Teng ZH, Chang XL, Li JD, Xin H, Li W. Down-regulated RBM5 inhibits bladder cancer cell apoptosis by initiating an miR-432-5p/β-catenin feedback loop. FASEB J 2019; 33:10973-10985. [PMID: 31318608 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding motif protein 5 (RBM5) acts as a tumor suppressor in various human cancers and presents with several important characteristics, such as the potentiation of apoptosis, inhibition of the cell cycle, and alternative splicing of Fas and caspase-2 precursor mRNA. However, its role in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that RBM5 expression was significantly down-regulated in BUC tissues when compared with the adjacent nontumor tissues. The down-regulation of RBM5 activates β-catenin, which binds to the T-cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer factor element of the miR-432-5p promoter and elevates the expression of miR-432-5p in bladder cancer cells. The up-regulated miR-432-5p directly targets 3'-UTR and depresses RBM5 expression. Thus, RBM5-miR-432-5p-β-catenin forms a feedback loop in regulating bladder cancer cell apoptosis. Our findings provide evidence that the regulatory feedback loop among RBM5, miR-432-5p, and Wnt-β-catenin is responsible for the progress of bladder cancer cells.-Zhang, Y.-P., Liu, K.-L., Wang, Y.-X., Yang, Z., Han, Z.-W., Lu, B.-S., Qi, J.-C., Yin, Y.-W., Teng, Z.-H., Chang, X.-L., Li, J.-D., Xin, H., Li, W. Down-regulated RBM5 inhibits bladder cancer cell apoptosis by initiating an miR-432-5p/β-catenin feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kai-Long Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bao-Sai Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue-Wei Yin
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Teng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Liang Chang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Dong Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Apelin promotes hepatic fibrosis through ERK signaling in LX-2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 460:205-215. [PMID: 31270645 PMCID: PMC6745032 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apelin participates in cardiovascular functions, metabolic disease, and homeostasis disorder. However, the biological function of apelin in liver diseases, especially liver fibrosis is still under investigation. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of apelin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the mechanism of apelin promoting hepatic fibrosis through ERK signaling in hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. The results showed that the ALT and AST levels in serum were increased in the mice fed HFC. The histological staining revealed that hepatocellular steatosis and ballooning degeneration was severe, and fibrogenesis appeared as increased pericellular collagen deposition along with pericentral (lobular) collagen deposition in the mice fed HFC. Immunochemistry and qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of apelin and profibrotic genes was higher as compared to the control group. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that apelin-13 upregulated the transcription and translation levels of collagen type I (collagen-I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in LX-2 cells. The immunofluorescent staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blot results showed that the overexpression of apelin markedly increased the expression of α-SMA and cyclinD1. The LX-2 cells treated with apelin-13 displayed an increased expression of pERK1/2 in a time-dependent manner, while the pretreatment with PD98059 abolished the apelin-induced expression of α-SMA and cyclinD1. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro assays suggested a key role of apelin in promoting liver fibrosis, and the underlying mechanism might be ascribed to the apelin expression of profibrotic genes via ERK signaling pathway.
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Lv SY, Cui B, Chen WD, Wang YD. Apelin/APJ system: A key therapeutic target for liver disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112145-112151. [PMID: 29340118 PMCID: PMC5762386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a new bioactive peptide, was identified as an endogenous ligand for APJ (Angiotensin II receptor-like 1). Apelin and its receptor have an abundant distribution in central nervous system and peripheral tissues, including liver. Apelin/APJ has diverse physiological and pathological effects, including regulation of cardiovascular function, angiogenesis, fluid homeostasis and so on. Apelin/APJ system may act as a novel potential therapeutic target for liver disease. In this article, we review the role of apelin/APJ system in liver fibrosis, hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, liver injury and metabolic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Yu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Lv X, Kong J, Chen WD, Wang YD. The Role of the Apelin/APJ System in the Regulation of Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:221. [PMID: 28484393 PMCID: PMC5401884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide that is a ligand for the APJ receptor (angiotensin II receptor like-1, AT-1). The apelin/APJ system is distributed in diverse periphery organ tissues. It has been shown that the apelin/APJ system plays various roles in physiology and pathophysiology of many organs. It regulates cardiovascular development or cardiac disease, glycometabolism and fat metabolism as well as metabolic disease. The apelin/APJ system participates in various cell activities such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis or inflammation. However, apelin/APJ function in the liver is still under investigation. In the liver, the apelin-APJ system could play an inhibitory role in liver regeneration and promote Fas-induced apoptosis. It may participate in the formation of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and even cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of the apelin/APJ system in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing, China
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15
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Wu Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Cheng B, Li G, Bai B. Temporal Expression of Apelin/Apelin Receptor in Ischemic Stroke and its Therapeutic Potential. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:1. [PMID: 28167898 PMCID: PMC5253351 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 87% of cases. Improving post-stroke recovery is a major challenge in stroke treatment. Accumulated evidence indicates that the apelinergic system, consisting of apelin and apelin receptor (APLNR), is temporally dysregulated in ischemic stroke. Moreover, the apelinergic system plays a pivotal role in post-stroke recovery by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and facilitating angiogenesis through various molecular pathways. In this review article, we summarize the temporal expression of apelin and APLNR in ischemic stroke and the mechanisms of their dysregulation. In addition, the protective role of the apelinergic system in ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms of its protective effects are discussed. Furthermore, critical issues in activating the apelinergic system as a potential therapy will also be discussed. The aim of this review article is to shed light on exploiting the activation of the apelinergic system to treat ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University Jining, China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University Jining, China
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16
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Liu MQ, Chen Z, Chen LX. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a novel mechanism and therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:425-43. [PMID: 26838072 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum is a principal organelle responsible for folding, post-translational modifications and transport of secretory, luminal and membrane proteins, thus palys an important rale in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a condition that is accelerated by accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins after endoplasmic reticulum environment disturbance, triggered by a variety of physiological and pathological factors, such as nutrient deprivation, altered glycosylation, calcium depletion, oxidative stress, DNA damage and energy disturbance, etc. ERS may initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cellular homeostasis or lead to apoptosis. Numerous studies have clarified the link between ERS and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on ERS-associated molecular mechanisms that participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes of heart and blood vessels. In addition, a number of drugs that regulate ERS was introduced, which may be used to treat cardiovascular diseases. This review may open new avenues for studying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and discovering novel drugs targeting ERS.
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Nie CJ, Li YH, Zhang XH, Wang ZP, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Yin WN, Zhang Y, Shi HJ, Liu Y, Zheng CY, Zhang J, Zhang GL, Zheng B, Wen JK. SUMOylation of KLF4 acts as a switch in transcriptional programs that control VSMC proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2016; 342:20-31. [PMID: 26945917 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is an important issue due to its major implications for the prevention of pathological vascular conditions. The objective of this work was to assess the function of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylated Krϋppel-like transcription factor 4 (KLF4) in the regulation of VSMC proliferation in cultured cells and in animal models with balloon injury. We found that under basal conditions, binding of non-SUMOylated KLF4 to p300 activated p21 (p21(WAF1/CIP1))transcription, leading to VSMC growth arrest. PDGF-BB promoted the interaction between Ubc9 and KLF4 and the SUMOylation of KLF4, which in turn recruited transcriptional corepressors to the p21 promoter. The reduction in p21 enhanced VSMC proliferation. Additionally, the SUMOylated KLF4 did not affect the expression of KLF4, thereby forming a positive feedback loop enhancing cell proliferation. These results demonstrated that SUMOylated KLF4 plays an important role in cell proliferation by reversing the transactivation action of KLF4 on p21 induced with PDGF-BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Juan Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yong Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wei-Na Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Pingan Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Hui-Jing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Cui-Ying Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | | | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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