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PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 84:101117. [PMID: 34450194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 were reported to have multi-pronged connections to lipid metabolism. The activity of PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by a set of cholesterol-based compounds as oxidized cholesterol derivatives, steroid hormones or bile acids. In turn, PARPs modulate several key processes of lipid homeostasis (lipotoxicity, fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis, lipoprotein homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, etc.). PARPs are also cofactors of lipid-responsive nuclear receptors and transcription factors through which PARPs regulate lipid metabolism and lipid homeostasis. PARP activation often represents a disruptive signal to (lipid) metabolism, and PARP-dependent changes to lipid metabolism have pathophysiological role in the development of hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type II diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular aging and skin pathologies, just to name a few. In this synopsis we will review the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors in these diseases/pathologies and propose repurposing PARP inhibitors already available for the treatment of various malignancies.
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Huang S, Zhang B, Chen Y, Liu H, Liu Y, Li X, Bao Z, Song Z, Wang Z. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor PJ34 Attenuated Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 364:452-461. [PMID: 29317476 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an NAD-consuming enzyme and its specific role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) remains elusive. In this study, we applied PJ34 [N-(5,6-dihydro-6-oxo-2-phenanthridinyl)-2-acetamide hydrochloride] to inhibit hepatic PARP activity to examine the corresponding pathologic alteration in AFLD in mice and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that PJ34 decreased the intracellular triglyceride (TG) content in hepatocytes. Moreover, PJ34 suppressed the gene expression of diglyceride acyltransferases DGAT1 and DGAT2 and elevated intracellular NAD+ levels in hepatocytes. These mechanistic observations were validated in alcohol-fed mice injected with PJ34 intraperitoneally. Our results indicate that the PJ34 injection attenuated hepatic TG accumulation in alcohol-fed mice. Furthermore, PJ34 injection lowered the gene expression of hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, DGAT1, and DGAT2, whereas PJ34 injection augmented hepatic NAD+ levels in alcohol-fed mice. Finally, nicotinamide riboside supplementation alleviated hepatic TG accumulation in alcohol-fed mice. These data indicate that applying PARP-specific inhibitor PJ34 by intraperitoneal injection attenuated hepatic NAD+ depletion and TG accumulation in alcohol-fed mice and may be a potential candidate for use in AFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishun Huang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (S.H., B.Z., Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Z.B., Z.W.); Fuxin Center Hospital, Fuxin, Jilin, China (H.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (Z.S.)
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (S.H., B.Z., Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Z.B., Z.W.); Fuxin Center Hospital, Fuxin, Jilin, China (H.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (Z.S.)
| | - Yingli Chen
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (S.H., B.Z., Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Z.B., Z.W.); Fuxin Center Hospital, Fuxin, Jilin, China (H.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (Z.S.)
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (S.H., B.Z., Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Z.B., Z.W.); Fuxin Center Hospital, Fuxin, Jilin, China (H.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (Z.S.)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (S.H., B.Z., Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Z.B., Z.W.); Fuxin Center Hospital, Fuxin, Jilin, China (H.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (Z.S.)
| | - Xin Li
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (S.H., B.Z., Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Z.B., Z.W.); Fuxin Center Hospital, Fuxin, Jilin, China (H.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (Z.S.)
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (S.H., B.Z., Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Z.B., Z.W.); Fuxin Center Hospital, Fuxin, Jilin, China (H.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (Z.S.)
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (S.H., B.Z., Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Z.B., Z.W.); Fuxin Center Hospital, Fuxin, Jilin, China (H.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (Z.S.)
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (S.H., B.Z., Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Z.B., Z.W.); Fuxin Center Hospital, Fuxin, Jilin, China (H.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (Z.S.)
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