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Savchenko RG, Urazaeva YR, Kostyleva SA, Odinokov VN. Ozonolysis of alkenes and study of reactions of polyfunctional compounds: LXVIII.* synthesis of ω-carboxy derivatives of 20-hydroxyecdysone diacetonide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428013040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Warren JT, Steiner B, Dorn A, Pak M, Gilbert LI. Metabolism of Ecdysteroids During the Embryogenesis ofManduca Sexta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918608076716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gelman DB, Rojas MG, Kelly TJ, Hu JS, Bell RA. Ecdysteroid and free amino acid content of eggs of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 44:172-182. [PMID: 10918312 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6327(200008)44:4<172::aid-arch4>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify components of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) egg that may be required by Edovum puttleri, a parasitic wasp that parasitizes the CPB egg, to complete development, ecdysteroid and free amino acid content of CPB eggs were analyzed by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay to identify ecdysteroids. Ecdysteroid titers were relatively low (<300 pg/egg) through day 2 post-oviposition and then increased sharply, reaching concentrations >2,500 pg/egg on day 3 post-oviposition. Ecdysone (E), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and polar conjugates of E were prominent ecdysteroids present in eggs sampled on days 0 and 1 post-ecdysis, and E, 20E, three peaks containing more polar ecdysteroids (metabolic inactivation products), and polar conjugates of E were present in eggs sampled on day 2. Thus, at a time when parasitization of CPB eggs by E. puttleri is relatively high (0-48 h), physiologically-active ecdysteroids (20E and perhaps E are physiologically active) are present at concentrations between 50 and 200 pg/egg. Ecdysone and 20E reached their highest levels in day-3 eggs, indicating that ecdysteroid may direct physiological processes associated with the completion of CPB embryonic development. In day-4 eggs, the concentration of E and 20E fall dramatically and polar metabolites of E and/or 20E are now responsible for the high ecdysteroid content of the eggs. Interestingly, conjugates of E decrease to relatively low levels in day-3 eggs and are absent in day-4 eggs. Therefore, it is likely that the increase in E in day-3 eggs is due, in part, to the breakdown of polar conjugates of E. Nine amino acids were present in significant quantities in eggs sampled at various times between 0 and 48 h post-oviposition. These include histidine, glutamine, proline, asparagine, serine, glutamic acid, threonine, lysine, and tyrosine. The first three amino acids were present at concentrations that were approximately 2 to 6 times greater than the concentrations of the last six amino acids. Amounts of most of the free amino acids varied with the age of the eggs from which the extract was prepared, but in general, there was no correlation between the levels at times of maximum parasitization (0 and 30 h) and the levels at the less favored times of parasitization (16 and 48 h). This information should facilitate the development of diets for both parasites and predators of pest species of beetles. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 44:172-182, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Gelman
- Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA, ARS, PSI, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genusRaphonticum II. Carthamosterone b fromRh. carthamoides. Chem Nat Compd 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02234881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ramazanov NS, Makshimov ES, Saatov Z, Mamatkhanov AU, Abdullaev ND. Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genusRhaponticum I. Carthamosterone a fromRh. carthamoides. Chem Nat Compd 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02234880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen JH, Kabbouh M, Fisher MJ, Rees HH. Induction of an inactivation pathway for ecdysteroids in larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. Biochem J 1994; 301 ( Pt 1):89-95. [PMID: 8037696 PMCID: PMC1137147 DOI: 10.1042/bj3010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of the last-instar larvae of the cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) with ecdysteroids (moulting hormones) results in the induction of an ecdysteroid-inactivation pathway. Administration of ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone or an ecdysteroid agonist, RH 5849, leads to induction of an ecdysteroid 26-hydroxylase activity. This induction occurred in both early sixth-instar larvae and in older larvae which had been head-ligated to prevent the normal developmental increase in ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase activity. The induction of 26-hydroxylase activity requires both RNA and protein synthesis, as demonstrated by experiments involving actinomycin D and cycloheximide. The 26-aldehyde derivative of ecdysone and ecdyson-26-oic acid were also formed from ecdysone in the RH 5849-induced systems. Formation of the aldehyde and the corresponding 26-oic acid (ecdysonoic acid) from 26-hydroxyecdysone was directly demonstrated in a cell-free system, thus establishing the following inactivation pathway: Ecdysteroid-->26-hydroxyecdysteroid-->ecdysteroid 26-aldehyde-->ecdysteroid 26-oic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, U.K
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YOUNG NJ, WEBSTER SG, REES HH. Ecdysteroid profiles and vitellogenesis inPenaeus monodon(Crustacea: Decapoda). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1993.9672340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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YOUNG NJ, WEBSTER SG, JONES DA, REES HH. Profile of embryonic ecdysteroids in the decapod crustacean,Macrobrachium rosenbergii. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1991.9672200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hemling ME. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and its application to the analysis of some peptides and proteins. Pharm Res 1987; 4:5-15. [PMID: 3334162 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016465507903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The techniques of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has overtaken (but not entirely replaced) field desorption mass spectrometry as the method of choice for the analysis of nonvolatile, thermally labile polar compounds. The ease with which information may be obtained on a wide variety of molecules is a result of the relative simplicity of the technique. A brief history of bioorganic mass spectrometry leading to the development of fast atom bombardment is presented, as well as a description of the method and ancillary techniques. Selected examples of its application to peptide and protein structural problems attest to the power and utility of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hemling
- Physical & Structural Chemistry, SmithKline & French Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101
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Dimarcq JL, Walcher E, Meister MF. Conversion studies of tritiated 2-deoxyecdysone during the embryonic development on Locusta migratoria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(87)90022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Ecdysteroid conjugates in pupal and pharate adult haemolymph of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(86)90083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hoffmann KH, Bulenda D, Thiry E, Schmid E. Apolar ecdysteroid esters in adult female crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. Life Sci 1985; 37:185-92. [PMID: 4010474 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Six hours after injection of 0.5 microCi 3H-ecdysone into the hemocoele of adult female crickets, several labelled compounds could be separated from hemolymph and tissues by silicic acid column chromatography, TLC, and HPLC. The amount of conjugated, polar ecdysteroids was low in all tissues, whereas apolar metabolites were predominant in all tissues. The apolar compound A2, which is the most abundant in quantity, could be hydrolyzed by porcine liver esterase, yielding ecdysone and various long chain fatty acids. This represents a new class of apolar ecdysteroid conjugates not yet found in other insects.
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Elwyn Isaac R, Rees HH. Metabolism of maternal ecdysteroid-22-phosphates in developing embryos of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(85)90045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ikekawa N. Chapter 8 Structures, biosynthesis and function of sterols in invertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Rees HH, Isaac RE. Biosynthesis and metabolism of ecdysteroids and methods of isolation and identification of the free and conjugated compounds. Methods Enzymol 1985; 111:377-410. [PMID: 3897779 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(85)11024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Isaac RE, Rees HH. Isolation and identification of ecdysteroid phosphates and acetylecdysteroid phosphates from developing eggs of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Biochem J 1984; 221:459-64. [PMID: 6541039 PMCID: PMC1144059 DOI: 10.1042/bj2210459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maturing eggs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, contain a variety of ecdysteroid (insect moulting hormone) conjugates and metabolites, four of which have been previously isolated from polar extracts and identified as ecdysonoic acid, 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid, 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate and ecdysone 2-phosphate. In the present study we have isolated eight additional ecdysteroids from similar late-stage eggs by high-performance liquid chromatography. The 22-phosphate esters of ecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone, all of which were first identified as ecdysteroid components of newly-laid eggs of S. gregaria, were identified by co-chromatography with authentic compounds and by physicochemical techniques. The remaining compounds were identified as 3-acetyl-20-hydroxyecdysone 2-phosphate, 3-epi-2-deoxyecdysone 3-phosphate, 3-acetylecdysone 22-phosphate and 2-acetylecdysone 22-phosphate by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, p.m.r. spectroscopy and analysis of the steroid moieties after enzymic hydrolysis. The latter two compounds, after isolation, are susceptible to nonenzymic acetyl migration and deacetylation to give mixtures of ecdysone 22-phosphate and its 2- and 3-acetate derivatives. The possible role and significance of these ecdysteroid conjugates with respect to the control of hormone titres in insect eggs is discussed.
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Modde JF, Lafont R, Hoffmann JA. Ecdysone metabolism inLocusta migratorialarvae and adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1080/01688170.1984.10510087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Ecdysteroids of ovaries and newly-laid eggs (0- to 1-hour-old) of the tobacco hornworm are present mainly as conjugates (greater than 95%). Newly-laid eggs contain ecdysteroid conjugates equivalent to 21 micrograms of 26-hydroxyecdysone and 0.73 micrograms of ecdysone per gram of eggs. These levels are similar in ovaries of 93-hour-old adult females. In 1- to 18-hour-old eggs more than 63% of the ecdysteroids exist in the free form and the proportion is similar in 48- to 64-hour-old eggs. The ratio of 26-hydroxyecdysone to ecdysone in the conjugated form remains constant during oocyte maturation and embryogenesis. Though 26-hydroxyecdysone is without molting hormone activity in the house fly assay, the exceptionally high concentration of 26-hydroxyecdysone conjugate(s) in ovaries and newly-laid eggs, together with the fact that it is being released during embryogenesis, indicate some physiological role for 26-hydroxyecdysone.
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On Titers, Origin, and Functions of Juvenile Hormone III, Methylfarnesoate, and Ecdysteroids in Embryonic Development of the Ovoviviparous Cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69922-1_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Isaac RE, Desmond HP, Rees HH. Isolation and identification of 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate, a metabolite of ecdysone, from developing eggs of Schistocerca gregaria. Biochem J 1984; 217:239-43. [PMID: 6538085 PMCID: PMC1153201 DOI: 10.1042/bj2170239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A major ecdysteroid conjugate, which accumulates in the eggs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, during the later stages of embryogenesis, has been isolated by reversed-phase and anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Hydrolysis of the conjugate with a crude arylsulphatase preparation from Helix pomatia liberates mainly ecdysone 3-acetate. The compound was identified as 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate by phosphate analysis of an acid-hydrolysed sample, fast atom bombardment, electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry and 1H and 13Cn.m.r. spectroscopy. The instability of 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate on storage results in the formation of ecdysone 2-phosphate, which was identified by physicochemical techniques. 3-Acetylecdysone 2-phosphate and ecdysone 2-phosphate are less susceptible than ecdysone 22-phosphate to hydrolysis in vitro by an enzyme preparation from S. gregaria embryos. The possible role of 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate as an inactive end product of ecdysteroid metabolism is discussed.
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Biosynthesis of Ovarian Ecdysteroid Phosphates and Their Metabolic Fate During Embryogenesis in Schistocerca gregaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69922-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Isaac RE, Rose ME, Rees HH, Goodwin TW. Identification of the 22-phosphate esters of ecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone from newly laid eggs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Biochem J 1983; 213:533-41. [PMID: 6684423 PMCID: PMC1152159 DOI: 10.1042/bj2130533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The four major ecdysteroid (insect moulting hormone) conjugates present in the newly laid eggs of the desert locust, Schistocera gregaria, have been purified by reversed-phase and anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. The steroid moieties were identified as ecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone. Phosphate analysis of acid-hydrolysed samples showed a steroid:phosphate ratio of approx. 1:1 for all four compounds. The intact conjugates were identified as ecdysone 22-phosphate, 2-deoxyecdysone 22-phosphate, 20-hydroxyecdysone 22-phosphate and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone 22-phosphate by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 1H, 13C and 31P n.m.r. The significance of ecdysteroid phosphates as a source of free hormone during embryogenesis is discussed.
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