Cell-cell recognition of host surfaces by pathogens. The adsorption of maize (Zea mays) root mucilage by surfaces of pathogenic fungi

A comprehensive review on Gossypium hirsutum resistance against cotton leaf curl virus

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a significant fiber crop. Being a major contributor to the textile industry requires continuous care and attention. Cotton is subjected to various biotic and abiotic constraints. Among these, biotic factors including cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) are dominant. CLCuV is a notorious disease of cotton and is acquired, carried, and transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). A cotton plant affected with CLCuV may show a wide range of symptoms such as yellowing of leaves, thickening of veins, upward or downward curling, formation of enations, and stunted growth. Though there are many efforts to protect the crop from CLCuV, long-term results are not yet obtained as CLCuV strains are capable of mutating and overcoming plant resistance. However, systemic-induced resistance using a gene-based approach remained effective until new virulent strains of CLCuV (like Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala Virus and others) came into existence. Disease control by biological means and the development of CLCuV-resistant cotton varieties are in progress. In this review, we first discussed in detail the evolution of cotton and CLCuV strains, the transmission mechanism of CLCuV, the genetic architecture of CLCuV vectors, and the use of pathogen and nonpathogen-based approaches to control CLCuD. Next, we delineate the uses of cutting-edge technologies like genome editing (with a special focus on CRISPR-Cas), next-generation technologies, and their application in cotton genomics and speed breeding to develop CLCuD resistant cotton germplasm in a short time. Finally, we delve into the current obstacles related to cotton genome editing and explore forthcoming pathways for enhancing precision in genome editing through the utilization of advanced genome editing technologies. These endeavors aim to enhance cotton's resilience against CLCuD.

Purification and characterization of a lectin fromXanthomonas campestrisNCIM 5028

A lectin was isolated from culture filtrates of Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 5028, by a simple procedure of hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose after ammonium sulphate precipitation. The lectin was a heterodimer, with subunit molecular masses of 30 000 and 28 000. Gel filtration on S-300 column, calibrated with markers, showed its molecular mass to be approximately 70 000. Its isoelectric point was 7.2. The agglutination of the rabbit erythrocytes by the lectin was inhibited by fetuin glycopeptides and host plant (Brassica oleracea) extracts.Key words: Xanthomonas campestris, lectin, purification.