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Montero-Alejo V, Corzo G, Porro-Suardíaz J, Pardo-Ruiz Z, Perera E, Rodríguez-Viera L, Sánchez-Díaz G, Hernández-Rodríguez EW, Álvarez C, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Perdomo-Morales R. Panusin represents a new family of β-defensin-like peptides in invertebrates. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:310-321. [PMID: 27616720 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta_defensin have been solely found in vertebrates until β-defensin-like peptides were described as transcript isoforms in two species of Panulirus genus. They were considered as putative antimicrobials since their biological activity have not been demonstrated. Here we purified and characterized a defensin-like peptide from the hemocytes of spiny lobster P. argus, hereafter named panusin. Structurally, panusin presents a cysteine-stabilized α/β motif, and is prone to form homodimers. Biological activity of panusin showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, characterized for being strikingly salt-resistant. Panusin did not showed hemolytic activity but was demonstrated its binding capacity to different lipid membrane models, indicating amphipathicity of β-sheet core as driving force for its antimicrobial activity. Panusin is considered a new kind of arthropod defensin which share structural and biological features with beta-defensin from vertebrates. The presence of beta-defensin like peptides in crustacean might suggest the emergence of the evolutionary relationship of β-defensins from vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Montero-Alejo
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Javier Porro-Suardíaz
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
| | - Zenia Pardo-Ruiz
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
| | - Erick Perera
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Gabriela Sánchez-Díaz
- Department for Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Artemisa, Cuba; Laboratory of Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Erix Wiliam Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department for Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Artemisa, Cuba; Laboratory of Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Carlos Álvarez
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Houston JE, Kraft M, Mooney I, Terry AE, Scherf U, Evans RC. Charge-Mediated Localization of Conjugated Polythiophenes in Zwitterionic Model Cell Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8141-8153. [PMID: 27434827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The selective engineering of conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE)-phospholipid interfaces is poised to play a key role in the design of advanced biomedical and biotechnological devices. Herein, we report a strategic study to investigate the relationship between the charge of the CPE side group and their association with zwitterionic phospholipid bilayers. The interaction of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) phospholipid vesicles with a series of poly(thiophene)s bearing zwitterionic, cationic, or anionic terminal groups (P3Zwit, P3TMAHT and P3Anionic, respectively) has been probed. Although all CPEs showed an affinity for the zwitterionic vesicles, the calculated partition coefficients determined using photoluminescence spectroscopy suggested preferential incorporation within the lipid bilayer in the order P3Zwit > P3Anionic ≫ P3TMAHT. The polarity probe Prodan was used to further qualify the position of the CPE inside the vesicle bilayers via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies. The varying proximity of the CPEs to Prodan was reflected in the Stern-Volmer quenching constants and decreased in the order P3Anionic > P3TMAHT ≫ P3Zwit. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed an increase in the hydrodynamic diameter of the DPPC vesicles upon addition of each poly(thiophene), but to the greatest extent for P3Anionic. Small-angle neutron scattering studies also revealed that P3Anionic specifically increased the thickness of the headgroup region of the phospholipid bilayer. Epifluorescence and atomic force microscopy imaging showed that P3TMAHT formed amorphous agglomerates on the vesicle surface, P3Zwit was buried throughout the bilayer, and P3Anionic formed a shell of protruding chains around the surface, which promoted vesicle fusion. The global data indicate three distinctive modes of interaction for the poly(thiophene)s within DPPC vesicles, whereby the nature of the association is ultimately controlled by the pendant charge group on each CPE chain. Our results suggest that charge-mediated self-assembly may provide a simple and effective route to design luminescent CPE probes capable of specific localization within phospholipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Houston
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, University of Dublin, Trinity College , College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mario Kraft
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (Buwmakro) and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ian Mooney
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, University of Dublin, Trinity College , College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ann E Terry
- ISIS, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (Buwmakro) and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Rachel C Evans
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, University of Dublin, Trinity College , College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Houston JE, Kraft M, Scherf U, Evans RC. Sequential detection of multiple phase transitions in model biological membranes using a red-emitting conjugated polyelectrolyte. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12423-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01553k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charge-mediated assembly of an anionic poly(thiophene) leads to a highly sensitive probe of membrane order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E. Houston
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Mario Kraft
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmacro) and Institute for Polymer Technology
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmacro) and Institute for Polymer Technology
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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4
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Quantitative assessment of peptide–lipid interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1999-2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lewis DFV, Ito Y, Lake BG. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for inhibitors and substrates of CYP2B enzymes: importance of compound lipophilicity in explanation of potency differences. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:679-84. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903514149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David FV Lewis
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Yuko Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Science, Division of Science of Biological, Supramolecular Systems, Structural Bioinformatics, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Brian G Lake
- Centre for Toxicology, Faculty of Health, and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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Kim YH, Engesser KH. Inhibition of diethyl ether degradation in Rhodococcus sp. strain DEE5151 by glutaraldehyde and ethyl vinyl ether. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 243:317-22. [PMID: 15686830 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Revised: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Alkyl ether-degrading Rhodococcus sp. strain DEE5151, isolated from activated sewage sludge, has an activity for the oxidation of a variety of alkyl ethers, aralkyl ethers and dibenzyl ether. The whole cell activity for diethyl ether oxidation was effectively inhibited by 2,3-dihydrofurane, ethyl vinyl ether and glutaraldehyde. Glutaraldehyde of less than 30 μM inhibited the activity by a competitive manner with the inhibition constant, KI of 7.07 ± 1.36 μM. The inhibition type became mixed at higher glutaraldehyde concentrations >30 μM, probably due to the inactivation of the cell activity by the Schiff-base formation. Structurally analogous ethyl vinyl ether inhibited the diethyl ether oxidation activity in a mixed manner with decreasing the apparent maximum oxidation rate, , and icreasing the apparent Michaelis–Menten constant, . The mixed type inhibition by ethyl vinyl ether seemed to be introduced not only by the structure similarity with diethyl ether, but also by the reactivity of the vinyl ether with cellular components in the whole cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hak Kim
- Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüte- und Abfallwirtschaft, Universität Stuttgart, Abteilung biologische Abluftreinigung, Bandtäle 2, D-70569 Stuttgart (Büsnau), Germany
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7
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Lewis DFV, Jacobs MN, Dickins M. Compound lipophilicity for substrate binding to human P450s in drug metabolism. Drug Discov Today 2004; 9:530-7. [PMID: 15183161 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Compound lipophilicity is of key importance to P450 binding affinity and enzyme selectivity. Here, lipophilicity is discussed with reference to the human drug-metabolizing P450 enzymes of families CYP1, CYP2 and CYP3. From an extensive compilation of log P values for P450 substrates, and by analysis of relationships between partitioning energy and substrate-binding free energy, the relevance of lipophilicity and other factors pertaining to P450 binding affinity is explained, leading to the formulation of lipophilicity relationships within substrates of each human P450 enzyme involved in drug metabolism. Furthermore, log P values for P450 substrates appear to represent markers for enzyme selectivity. Together with the important roles of hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking interaction energies, the desolvation of the P450 active site makes a major contribution to the overall substrate-binding energy and, consequently, a good agreement with experimental information is reported based on this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F V Lewis
- School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
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Santos NC, Prieto M, Castanho MARB. Quantifying molecular partition into model systems of biomembranes: an emphasis on optical spectroscopic methods. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1612:123-35. [PMID: 12787930 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(03)00112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Optical spectroscopies have been intensively used to determine partition coefficients by a plethora of methodologies. The present review is intended to give detailed and useful information for the determination of partition coefficients and addresses several relevant aspects, namely: (i) definition and calculation of the partition coefficient between aqueous and lipidic phases; (ii) partition coefficients vs. "binding" formalisms; (iii) advantages of spectroscopic methodologies over separation techniques; (iv) formalisms for various experimental approaches based on UV-Vis absorption or fluorescence parameters (fluorescence intensity, lifetime, anisotropy and quenching); (v) experimental hints, artifacts and model limitations; and (vi) a brief survey of nonoptical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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Montanari ML, Beezer AE, Montanari CA, Piló-Veloso D. QSAR based on biological microcalorimetry. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3448-52. [PMID: 10978193 DOI: 10.1021/jm990427k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe a QSAR based on biological microcalorimetry for a set of antimicrobial hydrazides acting against Saccharomyces cerivisiae and Escherichia coli. Results show that an extrathermodynamic relationship exists based upon partitioning (log P(TA)) and microcalorimetrically measured biopotencies using the same cell systems. Moreover, the extrathermodynamic relationship between drug potencies for these two cell systems shows that both cellular systems appear to behave in the same way with respect to the importance of partitioning. This means that the same set of congeneric compounds experience a similar environment in the two systems. This represents a lateral validation of the method and discloses the validity of the QSAR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Montanari
- Núcleo de Estudos em Química Medicinal (NEQUIM), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus da Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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Lewis DF, Lake BG, Dickins M, Eddershaw PJ, Tarbit MH, Goldfarb PS. Molecular modelling of CYP2B6, the human CYP2B isoform, by homology with the substrate-bound CYP102 crystal structure: evaluation of CYP2B6 substrate characteristics, the cytochrome b5 binding site and comparisons with CYP2B1 and CYP2B4. Xenobiotica 1999; 29:361-93. [PMID: 10375007 DOI: 10.1080/004982599238560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
1. Molecular modelling studies of CYP2B isoforms from rat (CYP2B1), rabbit (CYP2B4) and man (CYP2B6) are reported, with particular emphasis on substrate interactions with the human CYP2B isoform, CYP2B6. 2. The findings represent an advance on our previous study that focused primarily on the rat CYP2B isoform, CYP2B1, and involved homology modelling with substrate-free CYP102. 3. The current work utilizes the recently published substrate-bound CYP102 crystal structure as a template for construction of the CYP2B subfamily isoforms and shows, in particular, that known CYP2B6 substrate specificity and regioselectivity can be rationalized by putative active site interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Lewis
- Molecular Toxicology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Heirwegh KP, Vermeir M, Zaman Z. Multiphasic modelling of ligand/acceptor interactions. The hydrophobicity-dependent binding of relatively small amphiphilic substances to acceptor proteins and the nature and facedness of acceptor sites. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1994; 29:23-47. [PMID: 7989645 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(94)90055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The modelling of multiphasic ligand/acceptor equilibrium binding systems proceeds at three logically distinct levels: (1) A suitable response quantity, e.g. the amount of acceptor-bound ligand nEL, is expressed as a function of the ligand concentrations [Li] (L = A,B,...) in the compartment i that contains the acceptor sites. One thus obtains a response function nEL = f1([Li]). In general, the equilibrium constants KL contained in such mathematical models are physically ill-defined. (2) Each local concentration [Li] is further expressed as a function of [Laq], the corresponding concentration in the aqueous phase, leading to nEL = f2([Laq]). In this way, the constants KL are transformed into effective constants K'L which (i) can be assessed experimentally and (ii) depend on ligand hydrophobicity in a way that is characteristic of the binding site. Formulation of the functions f1 and F2 only requires knowledge of the reactions in which the acceptor sites participate directly. (3) For each ligand, the experimentally accessible total ligand concentration Lt is expressed as a function of [Laq], leading to concentration balance equations Lt = Lt([Laq]). The latter transformation takes account of any reactions, distinct from ligand/acceptor interaction, in which the ligands are involved, e.g. binding to additional protein sites. As a result of steps 2 and 3, each binding system is described by a set of simultaneous equations dependent on the auxiliary variable [Laq]: (i) the response function f2([Laq]) and (ii) a concentration balance for each ligand Lt = Lt([Laq]). The formulae are rendered more conscise and their discussion and application to data fitting are simplified by introducing, for each ligand L, a function FL characterising the distribution of unbound monomeric ligand over the various partition compartments. When the acceptor acts on unbound ligand, the formulae are further expressed in terms of a new auxiliary variable i.e. the total concentration of unbound monomeric ligand microL. In contrast to data analysis as a function of local concentrations, analysis in terms of total ligand concentrations avoids losing sight of alternate hypotheses about the nature of the binding sites. The present formulation has also permitted clarification of several consequences of the multiphasic nature of the binding systems that, as yet, have been poorly recognised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Heirwegh KPM, Zaman Z. Elaboration of the concept of partition of amphipathic substrates in bilayer membranes in courses on enzymology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0307-4412(93)90044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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