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Ganapathy R, Ramachandran A, Shivalingaiah SB, Bishir M, Bhojaraj S, Sridhar S, Mohan SK, Veeraraghavan VP, Chidambaram SB, Essa MM, Qoronfleh MW. Cardioprotective potential of polyphenols rich Thraatchathi Chooranam against isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in experimental rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:356. [PMID: 33225920 PMCID: PMC7681955 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study establishes the cardioprotective role of Thraatchathi Chooranam (TC), a polyherbal traditional Siddha medicine, in terms of membrane stabilizing and antioxidant properties in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial necrosis model in rats. METHODS Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6), normal (received vehicle 0.5% CMC, p.o.), ISO control (received 0.5% CMC + ISO 120 mg/kg, b.w. s.c. twice at an interval of 48 h), standard control (received Vit-E 100 mg/kg, p.o.) + ISO, TC low and high dose (50 and 100 mg/kg p.o., respectively) + ISO, and drug control (received TC at 100 mg/kg, p.o.). At the end of experimental period, blood samples collected and plasma cardiac troponin-I (CTn-I) was measured by ELISA. Cardiac tissues were isolated, levels of membrane stabilizing enzymes, antioxidants and inflammatory markers were estimated. Gene expression of Bax, Bcl2, Caspase 3, HIF-α, TNF-α, iNOS, TRX1 and TrxR were performed by RT-PCR. Histopathological studies on cardiac tissues were conducted using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison as post-hoc test. RESULTS Administration of ISO resulted in a significant increase in plasma CTn-I, decrease in superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase; it also significantly altered membrane stabilizing enzymes like Na+/K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase Ca2+-ATPase and Cathepsin D. Pretreatment with TC (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) decreased CTn-I, and improved membrane stabilizing and endogenous antioxidant enzymes and decreased cathespin D level in a dose dependent manner. Histopathological examination revealed that TC improves cellular membrane integrity and decreases inflammatory cell infiltration and necrotic death. CONCLUSION The present study provided a strong evidence on the protective effects of TC against ISO-induced myocardial necrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Ganapathy
- Center for Animal Research, Training and Services (CAReTS), Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be university), Puducherry, 607402, India
| | - Anita Ramachandran
- International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology, Padappai, India
| | | | - Muhammed Bishir
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Saravanan Bhojaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Shivashree Sridhar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai, 600123, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India. .,Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Ageing and Dementia Research Group, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research and Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
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Xie S, Zhu Y, Ma L, Lu Y, Zhou J, Gui Y, Cao L. Genome-wide profiling of gene expression in the epididymis of alpha-chlorohydrin-induced infertile rats using an oligonucleotide microarray. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:37. [PMID: 20409345 PMCID: PMC2874557 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the chlorinated antifertility compounds, alpha-chlorohydrin (ACH) can inhibit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity in epididymal sperm and affect sperm energy metabolism, maturation and fertilization, eventually leading to male infertility. Further studies demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of ACH on G3PDH is not only confined to epididymal sperm but also to the epididymis. Moreover, little investigation on gene expression changes in the epididymis after ACH treatment has been conducted. Therefore, gene expression studies may indicate new epididymal targets related to sperm maturation and fertility through the analysis of ACH-treated infertile animals. METHODS Rats were treated with ACH for ten consecutive days, and then each male rat copulated with two female rats in proestrus. Then sperm maturation and other fertility parameters were analyzed. Furthermore, we identified epididymal-specific genes that are associated with fertility between control and ACH groups using an Affymetrix Rat 230 2.0 oligo-microarray. Finally, we performed RT-PCR analysis for several differentially expressed genes to validate the alteration in gene expression observed by oligonucleotide microarray. RESULTS Among all the differentially expressed genes, we analyzed and screened the down-regulated genes associated with metabolism processes, which are considered the major targets of ACH action. Simultaneously, the genes that were up-regulated by chlorohydrin were detected. The genes that negatively regulate sperm maturation and fertility include apoptosis and immune-related genes and have not been reported previously. The overall results of PCR analysis for selected genes were consistent with the array data. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we have described the genome-wide profiles of gene expression in the epididymides of infertile rats induced by ACH, which could become potential epididymal specific targets for male contraception and infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwu Xie
- Department of Reproductive Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Reproductive Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, the Vontz Center for Molecular Study, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Lu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jieyun Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Youlun Gui
- Department of Reproductive Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Reproductive Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai 200030, China
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