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Fortaleza JAG, Ong CJN, De Jesus R. Efficacy and clinical potential of phage therapy in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: A review. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2024; 14:13-25. [PMID: 38305804 PMCID: PMC10895361 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2023.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections have already presented a substantial public health challenge, encompassing different clinical manifestations, ranging from bacteremia to sepsis and multi-organ failures. Among these infections, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is particularly alarming due to its well-documented resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, contributing significantly to global mortality rates. Consequently, the urgent need for effective treatment options has prompted a growing interest in exploring phage therapy as a potential non-antibiotic treatment against MRSA infections. Phages represent a class of highly specific bacterial viruses known for their ability to infect certain bacterial strains. This review paper explores the clinical potential of phages as a treatment for MRSA infections due to their low toxicity and auto-dosing capabilities. The paper also discusses the synergistic effect of phage-antibiotic combination (PAC) and the promising results from in vitro and animal model studies, which could lead to extensive human clinical trials. However, clinicians need to establish and adhere to standard protocols governing phage administration and implementation. Prominent clinical trials are needed to develop and advance phage therapy as a non-antibiotic therapy intervention, meeting regulatory guidelines, logistical requirements, and ethical considerations, potentially revolutionizing the treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Allen G Fortaleza
- 1Senior High School Department, NU Fairview Incorporated, Quezon City, 1118, Philippines
- 2National University, Philippines, Sampaloc, Manila, 1008, Philippines
| | | | - Rener De Jesus
- 4Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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2
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D’Aquila P, De Rango F, Paparazzo E, Passarino G, Bellizzi D. Epigenetic-Based Regulation of Transcriptome in Escherichia coli Adaptive Antibiotic Resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0458322. [PMID: 37184386 PMCID: PMC10269836 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04583-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive antibiotic resistance is a transient metabolic adaptation of bacteria limiting their sensitivity to low, progressively increased, concentrations of antibiotics. Unlike innate and acquired resistance, adaptive resistance is dependent on the presence of antibiotics, and it disappears when the triggering factor is removed. Low concentrations of antibiotics are largely diffused in natural environments, in the food industry or in certain body compartments of humans when used therapeutically, or in animals when used for growth promotion. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still poorly characterized. Here, we present experiments suggesting that epigenetic modifications, triggered by low concentrations of ampicillin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin, may modulate the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. The epigenetic modifications we observed were paralleled by modifications of the expression pattern of many genes, including some of those that have been found mutated in strains with permanent antibiotic resistance. As the use of low concentrations of antibiotics is spreading in different contexts, our findings may suggest new targets and strategies to avoid adaptive antibiotic resistance. This might be very important as, in the long run, this transient adaptation may increase the chance, allowing the survival and the flourishing of bacteria populations, of the onset of mutations leading to stable resistance. IMPORTANCE In this study, we characterized the modifications of epigenetic marks and of the whole transcriptome in the adaptive response of Escherichia coli cells to low concentrations of ampicillin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. As the transient adaptation does increase the chance of permanent resistance, possibly allowing the survival and flourishing of bacteria populations where casual mutations providing resistance may give an immediate advantage, the importance of this study is not only in the identification of possible molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive resistance to antibiotics, but also in suggesting new strategies to avoid adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D’Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Ersilia Paparazzo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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3
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Zhang J, Xu J, Lei H, Liang H, Li X, Li B. The development of variation-based rifampicin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus deciphered through genomic and transcriptomic study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130112. [PMID: 36303348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rifampicin (RIF) resistance imposes a challenge on the antimicrobial treatment of pathogen infections. Figuring out the development mechanism of RIF resistance is critical to improving antimicrobial therapy strategy in clinics and biological treatment strategy of RIF polluted sewage in environmental engineering. The RIF resistance development of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with exposure to RIF at sub-inhibitory concentrations was comprehensively investigated via genomic and transcriptomic approaches in this study. RIF minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. aureus rapidly increased from 0.032 to 256 mg/L. Membrane permeability decrease, biofilm formation enhancement, and ROS production increase associated with RIF resistance were observed in RIF-induced strains. Through comparative genomic analysis, mutations in rpoB and rpoC were considered to be associated with RIF resistance in S. aureus mutants. Pan-genome-wide single-nucleotide variant analysis indicated that mutations at rpoB-1412, rpoB-1451, and rpoB-1457 were prevalent in 13849 public genomes of S. aureus, while mutations at rpoB-2256, and rpoC-3092 were first discovered in this study. The panorama of adaptative alteration of cellular physiological processes was observed via transcriptomic analysis. The oxidation pressure responses, metabolism, transporters, virulence factors, and multiple steps of DNA and RNA machinery were found to be perturbed by RIF in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huaxin Lei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hebin Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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4
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Huang YF, Li Y, Chen JY, Lin JH, Liu L, Ye JZ, Su YB. Promoting effect of Fe3+ on gentamicin resistance in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 625:134-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Luo S, Yang X, Wu S, Li Y, Wu J, Liu M, Liu Z, Yu K, Wang X, Dai T, Huang X, Hu X. Understanding a defensive response of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) after exposure to multiple cycles of sub-lethal blue Light. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6604381. [PMID: 35675215 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light (BL) has showed bactericidal effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one of the major clinical pathogens with antibiotic resistance. Bacteria likely respond to the oxidative stress induced by BL, however, the defensive response is still unclear. This study was to reveal the phenotypic change of MRSA after exposed to 15 cycles of sub-lethal blue light illumination. The comparative transcriptomic results showed that the expression of peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis gene glmS was significantly up-regulated in the cells after the multiple cycle light treatment, and the biochemical analysis determined that the content of PG synthesized was increased by 25.86% when compared to that in control cells. Furthermore, significant thickening of the cell wall was observed under transmission electron microscope (P < 0.05). The light sensitivity of the tested MRSA strain was reduced after the multiple cycles light treatment, indicating the possibility of MRSA being more adaptive to the BL stress. The present study suggested that the multiple cycles of sub-lethal BL could change the light susceptibility of MRSA through thickening cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University Ave and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yuanbu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Minmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Keyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Guangzhou YueHui Cosmetics Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 514410, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Hu X, Fu Y, Shi H, Xu W, Shen C, Hu B, Ma L, Lou L. Neglected resistance risks: Cooperative resistance of antibiotic resistant bacteria influenced by primary soil components. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128229. [PMID: 35074748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) can thrive in soil and resist such environmental pressures as antibiotics through cooperative resistance, thereby promoting ARB retention and antibiotic resistance genes transmission. However, there has been finite knowledge in regard to the mechanisms and potential ecological risks of cooperative resistance in soil microbiome. In this study, soil minerals and organic matters were designed to treat a mixture of two Escherichia coli strains with different antibiotic resistance (E. coli DH5α/pUC19 and E. coli XL2-Blue) to determine how soil components affected cooperative resistance, and Luria-Bertani plates containing two antibiotics were used to observe dual-drug resistant bacteria (DRB) developed via cooperative resistance. Results showed quartz, humic acid, and biochar promoted E. coli XL2-Blue with high fitness costs, whereas kaolin, montmorillonite, and soot inhibited both strains. Using fluorescence microscope and PCR, it was speculated DRB could resist the antibiotic pressure via E. coli XL2-Blue coating E. coli DH5α/pUC19. E. coli DH5α/pUC19 dominated cooperative resistance. Correlation analysis and scanning electron microscope images indicated soil components influenced cooperative resistance. Biochar promoted cooperative resistance by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing the dominant strain concentration required for DRB development. Kaolin inhibited cooperative resistance the most, followed by soot and montmorillonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Fu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, 310020, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, 310020, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ma
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liping Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, 310020, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Ajitkumar P, Jakkala K, Paul A, Nair R, Swaminath S, Pradhan A. Growth and division mechanisms by which genetic resisters emerge from the rifampicin-surviving population of differentially antibiotic-susceptible mycobacterial subpopulations. Int J Mycobacteriol 2022; 11:273-286. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_88_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Identification of a novel antifungal backbone of naphthalimide thiazoles with synergistic potential for chemical and dynamic treatment. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2047-2067. [PMID: 34672778 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The high incidence and prevalence of fungal infections call for new antifungal drugs. This work was to develop naphthalimide thiazoles as potential antifungal agents. Results & methodology: These compounds showed significant antifungal potency toward some tested fungi. Especially, naphthalimide thiazole 4h with excellent anti-Candida tropicalis efficacy possessed good hemolysis level, low toxicity and no obvious resistance. Deciphering the mechanism showed that 4h interacted with DNA and disrupted the antioxidant defense system of C. tropicalis. Compound 4h also triggered membrane depolarization, leakage of cytoplasmic contents and LDH inhibition. Simultaneously, 4h rendered metabolic inactivation and eradicated the formed biofilms of C. tropicalis. Conclusion: The multifaceted synergistic effect initiated by naphthalimide thiazoles is a reasonable treatment window for prospective development.
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9
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Lin Z, Yuan T, Zhou L, Cheng S, Qu X, Lu P, Feng Q. Impact factors of the accumulation, migration and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1741-1758. [PMID: 33123928 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a great concern, which leads to global public health risks and ecological and environmental risks. The presence of antibiotic-resistant genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment exacerbates the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance. Among them, horizontal gene transfer is an important mode in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, and it is one of the reasons that the antibiotic resistance pollution has become increasingly serious. At the same time, free antibiotic resistance genes and resistance gene host bacterial also exist in the natural environment. They can not only affect horizontal gene transfer, but can also migrate and aggregate among environmental media in many ways and then continue to affect the proliferate and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. All this shows the seriousness of antibiotic resistance pollution. Therefore, in this review, we reveal the sensitive factors affecting the distribution and spread of antibiotic resistance through three aspects: the influencing factors of horizontal gene transfer, the host bacteria of resistance genes and the migration of antibiotic resistance between environmental media. This review reveals the huge role of environmental migration in the spread of antibiotic resistance, and the environmental behavior of antibiotic resistance deserves wider attention. Meanwhile, extracellular antibiotic resistance genes and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes play different roles, so they should be studied separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Construction Equipment and Municipal Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Building Energy Saving and Construct Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Lai Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Sen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Xu Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Ping Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China.
| | - Qiyan Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
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Song A, Kim B, Kim E, Sung JH, Park Y, Park S, Park T, Kim JK, Jeong Y, Lee SG. Protective Functions of Group 3 Late Embryogenesis Abundant (G3LEA) Proteins in Enterococcus faecium During Vancomycin Treatment. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:526-534. [PMID: 33088003 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins protect organisms from various environmental stresses; however, the underlying mechanism of LEA mediated therapeutic evasion is still unclear in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In this study, group 3 LEA protein (G3LEA) of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium under sublethal concentration of vancomycin stress was evaluated and shown to have two functions: the first is the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, preventing apoptosis by suppressing apoptotic proteins Cas3 and MAOB, and the second is activating specific drug efflux pumps. Sublethal vancomycin model was established with using Propidium Iodide (PI) stain. Real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression of G3lea. Flow cytometry and confocal microscope using Anti- G3LEA, anti- MAOB, and anti- Cas3 were performed to assess the expression of G3LEA. Under sublethal vancomycin stress, G3LEA is upregulated, suppressing the expression of apoptotic markers and increasing specific efflux markers. These results suggest that G3LEA protein suppresses antibiotic mediated apoptosis in prokaryotic cells and plays a key role in understanding and preventing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahran Song
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boyong Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,Life Together, 13 Gongdan-ro, Chuncheon-siGangwon, South Korea.,Mitosbio, 13, Gongdan-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwi Sung
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonjin Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohyeon Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taegun Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Jeong
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Seung Gwan Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Mechesso AF, Park SC. Tylosin exposure reduces the susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium to florfenicol and tetracycline. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:22. [PMID: 31992283 PMCID: PMC6986020 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics exposure has been implicated in the emergence of bacterial strains that are resistant to structurally related or unrelated antibiotics. Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic that has been administered to treat respiratory pathogenic bacteria in swine. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of exposure to a constant (3 μg/mL) and decreasing concentrations of tylosin on the susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to various antibiotics. RESULTS S. Typhimurium strains exposed to tylosin for 12 and 24 h in the in vitro dynamic model demonstrated at least an eight-fold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of florfenicol and tetracycline. Exposure to tylosin extended the lag-time of the growth curve and enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species. Gene expression analysis demonstrated up-regulation of the acrAB and tolC Salmonella efflux pump genes and its global regulators (marA and soxS). Besides, the expression of ompC gene was down-regulated in tylosin exposed S. Typhimurium. CONCLUSION Exposure to decreasing concentrations of tylosin could reduce the susceptibility of S. Typhimurium to florfenicol and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Fikru Mechesso
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
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12
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Antibacterial Activity of Colloidal Silver against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9010036. [PMID: 31963769 PMCID: PMC7167925 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, new alternative therapies are needed. Silver was used to treat bacterial infections since antiquity due to its known antimicrobial properties. Here, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of colloidal silver (CS) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. A total of 270 strains (Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 45), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 25), Escherichia coli (n = 79), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 58)], Staphylococcus aureus (n = 34), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 14), and Enterococcus species (n = 15)) were used. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS was determined for all strains by using microdilution assay, and time-kill curve assays of representative reference and MDR strains of these bacteria were performed. Membrane permeation and bacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined in presence of CS. CS MIC90 was 4-8 mg/L for all strains. CS was bactericidal, during 24 h, at 1× and 2× MIC against Gram-negative bacteria, and at 2× MIC against Gram-positive bacteria, and it did not affect their membrane permeabilization. Furthermore, we found that CS significantly increased the ROS production in Gram-negative with respect to Gram-positive bacteria at 24 h of incubation. Altogether, these results suggest that CS could be an effective treatment for infections caused by MDR Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Li J, Wang J, Liu W, Hayashi T, Itoh K, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Metformin protects Escherichia coli from bleomycin-induced bactericide via enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:64-75. [PMID: 31905044 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1703968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is widely employed in the therapy of a range of lymphomas and germ cell tumours. But the therapeutic efficacy of bleomycin is limited by development of lung fibrosis. The cytotoxicity of bleomycin is mostly ascribed to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, while a protective effect of metformin against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis results from the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Since mitochondria and bacteria have certain similarities in structure and function, we used Escherichia coli for simplification in the present work to investigate the relationship between metformin and bleomycin with apparently opposite effects on mitochondrial DNA damage. Bleomycin lethality to E. coli was ameliorated by metformin treatment accompanying further increase of the level of reactive oxygen species. Catalase but not superoxide dismutases attenuated the protective effect of metformin. Meanwhile, treatment with hydrogen peroxide enhanced the protection, indicating that metformin may protect E. coli from bleomycin-induced bactericide via enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, silibinin, a hepatoprotective polyphenolic flavonoid attenuates the cytotoxicity of bleomycin to E. coli via enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide as well. This bacterial model in place of mitochondria can provide us with easier screening for the molecules with capability of reducing the bleomycin side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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14
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Shin B, Park C, Park W. Stress responses linked to antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1423-1435. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Nair RR, Sharan D, Ajitkumar P. A Minor Subpopulation of Mycobacteria Inherently Produces High Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species That Generate Antibiotic Resisters at High Frequency From Itself and Enhance Resister Generation From Its Major Kin Subpopulation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1842. [PMID: 31456773 PMCID: PMC6700507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-exposed bacteria produce elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), to which either they succumb or get mutated genome-wide to generate antibiotic resisters. We recently showed that mycobacterial cultures contained two subpopulations, short-sized cells (SCs; ∼10%) and normal/long-sized cells (NCs; ∼90%). The SCs were significantly more antibiotic-susceptible than the NCs. It implied that the SCs might naturally be predisposed to generate significantly higher levels of ROS than the NCs. This in turn could make the SCs more susceptible to antibiotics or generate more resisters as compared to the NCs. Investigation into this possibility showed that the SCs in the actively growing mid-log phase culture naturally generated significantly high levels of superoxide, as compared to the equivalent NCs, due to the naturally high expression of a specific NADH oxidase in the SCs. This caused labile Fe2+ leaching from 4Fe-4S proteins and elevated H2O2 formation through superoxide dismutation. Thus, the SCs of both Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis inherently contained significantly higher levels of H2O2 and labile Fe2+ than the NCs. This in turn produced significantly higher levels of hydroxyl radical through Fenton reaction, promoting enhanced antibiotic resister generation from the SCs than from the NCs. The SCs, when mixed back with the NCs, at their natural proportion in the actively growing mid-log phase culture, enhanced antibiotic resister generation from the NCs, to a level equivalent to that from the unfractionated whole culture. The enhanced antibiotic resister generation from the NCs in the reconstituted SCs-NCs natural mixture was found to be due to the high levels of H2O2 secreted by the SCs. Thus, the present work unveils and documents the metabolic designs of two mycobacterial subpopulations where one subpopulation produces high ROS levels, despite higher susceptibility, to generate significantly higher number of antibiotic resisters from itself and to enhance resister generation from its kin subpopulation. These findings show the existence of an inherent natural mechanism in both the non-pathogenic and pathogenic mycobacteria to generate antibiotic resisters. The presence of the SCs and the NCs in the pulmonary tuberculosis patients’ sputum, reported by us earlier, alludes to the clinical significance of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ravindran Nair
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Deepti Sharan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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16
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Lu J, Jin M, Nguyen SH, Mao L, Li J, Coin LJM, Yuan Z, Guo J. Non-antibiotic antimicrobial triclosan induces multiple antibiotic resistance through genetic mutation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:257-265. [PMID: 29902774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a major threat to public health. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are generally recognized as the key factors contributing to antibiotic resistance. However, whether non-antibiotic, anti-microbial (NAAM) chemicals can directly induce antibiotic resistance is unclear. We aim to investigate whether the exposure to a NAAM chemical triclosan (TCS) has an impact on inducing antibiotic resistance on Escherichia coli. Here, we report that at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L TCS induces multi-drug resistance in wild-type Escherichia coli after 30-day TCS exposure. The oxidative stress induced by TCS caused genetic mutations in genes such as fabI, frdD, marR, acrR and soxR, and subsequent up-regulation of the transcription of genes encoding beta-lactamases and multi-drug efflux pumps, together with down-regulation of genes related to membrane permeability. The findings advance our understanding of the potential role of NAAM chemicals in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in microbes, and highlight the need for controlling biocide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Min Jin
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Son Hoang Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Likai Mao
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jie Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan J M Coin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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17
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Zeden MS, Schuster CF, Bowman L, Zhong Q, Williams HD, Gründling A. Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is required for osmotic regulation in Staphylococcus aureus but dispensable for viability in anaerobic conditions. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3180-3200. [PMID: 29326168 PMCID: PMC5836111 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a recently discovered signaling molecule important for the survival of Firmicutes, a large bacterial group that includes notable pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus However, the exact role of this molecule has not been identified. dacA, the S. aureus gene encoding the diadenylate cyclase enzyme required for c-di-AMP production, cannot be deleted when bacterial cells are grown in rich medium, indicating that c-di-AMP is required for growth in this condition. Here, we report that an S. aureus dacA mutant can be generated in chemically defined medium. Consistent with previous findings, this mutant had a severe growth defect when cultured in rich medium. Using this growth defect in rich medium, we selected for suppressor strains with improved growth to identify c-di-AMP-requiring pathways. Mutations bypassing the essentiality of dacA were identified in alsT and opuD, encoding a predicted amino acid and osmolyte transporter, the latter of which we show here to be the main glycine betaine-uptake system in S. aureus. Inactivation of these transporters likely prevents the excessive osmolyte and amino acid accumulation in the cell, providing further evidence for a key role of c-di-AMP in osmotic regulation. Suppressor mutations were also obtained in hepS, hemB, ctaA, and qoxB, coding proteins required for respiration. Furthermore, we show that dacA is dispensable for growth in anaerobic conditions. Together, these findings reveal an essential role for the c-di-AMP signaling network in aerobic, but not anaerobic, respiration in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve S Zeden
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
| | - Christopher F Schuster
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
| | - Lisa Bowman
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
| | - Qiyun Zhong
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
| | - Huw D Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Angelika Gründling
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
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18
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Bhattacharya G, Dey D, Das S, Banerjee A. Exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime induces multidrug resistance and reactive oxygen species generation in meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:762-769. [PMID: 28598307 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of antibiotics below their MIC in the development of bacterial drug resistance is becoming increasingly important. We investigated the effect of sub-MICs of bactericidal antibiotics on the susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and evaluated the role of free radicals. METHODOLOGY A total of 12 S. aureus strains were recovered from pus samples and their antibiograms determined. The test isolates were treated with sub-MIC levels of tetracycline, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. Alterations in their respective breakpoints were observed along with measurements of free radical generation by nitro blue tetrazolium test.Results/Key findings. Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime exposure significantly altered the breakpoints of exposed isolates against several tested antibiotics and higher levels of free radicals were generated after antibiotic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that sub-MIC levels of antimicrobials can lead to resistance and cross-resistance across several classes of antibiotics in wild strains of S. aureus, possibly by free radical production. The molecular mechanisms behind the acquisition of drug resistance at low antibiotic concentrations and the specific target genes of reactive oxygen speciesneed to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Bhattacharya
- Ashok Laboratory Clinical Testing Centre Pvt. Ltd, 390 B Jodhpur Park, Kolkata-700068, West Bengal, India
| | - Diganta Dey
- Ashok Laboratory Clinical Testing Centre Pvt. Ltd, 390 B Jodhpur Park, Kolkata-700068, West Bengal, India
| | - Satadal Das
- Ashok Laboratory Clinical Testing Centre Pvt. Ltd, 390 B Jodhpur Park, Kolkata-700068, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Banerjee
- Ashok Laboratory Clinical Testing Centre Pvt. Ltd, 390 B Jodhpur Park, Kolkata-700068, West Bengal, India
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19
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Sebastian J, Swaminath S, Nair RR, Jakkala K, Pradhan A, Ajitkumar P. De Novo Emergence of Genetically Resistant Mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Persistence Phase Cells Formed against Antituberculosis Drugs In Vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e01343-16. [PMID: 27895008 PMCID: PMC5278719 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01343-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial persisters are a subpopulation of cells that can tolerate lethal concentrations of antibiotics. However, the possibility of the emergence of genetically resistant mutants from antibiotic persister cell populations, upon continued exposure to lethal concentrations of antibiotics, remained unexplored. In the present study, we found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells exposed continuously to lethal concentrations of rifampin (RIF) or moxifloxacin (MXF) for prolonged durations showed killing, RIF/MXF persistence, and regrowth phases. RIF-resistant or MXF-resistant mutants carrying clinically relevant mutations in the rpoB or gyrA gene, respectively, were found to emerge at high frequency from the RIF persistence phase population. A Luria-Delbruck fluctuation experiment using RIF-exposed M. tuberculosis cells showed that the rpoB mutants were not preexistent in the population but were formed de novo from the RIF persistence phase population. The RIF persistence phase M. tuberculosis cells carried elevated levels of hydroxyl radical that inflicted extensive genome-wide mutations, generating RIF-resistant mutants. Consistent with the elevated levels of hydroxyl radical-mediated genome-wide random mutagenesis, MXF-resistant M. tuberculosis gyrA de novo mutants could be selected from the RIF persistence phase cells. Thus, unlike previous studies, which showed emergence of genetically resistant mutants upon exposure of bacteria for short durations to sublethal concentrations of antibiotics, our study demonstrates that continuous prolonged exposure of M. tuberculosis cells to lethal concentrations of an antibiotic generates antibiotic persistence phase cells that form a reservoir for the generation of genetically resistant mutants to the same antibiotic or another antibiotic. These findings may have clinical significance in the emergence of drug-resistant tubercle bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jees Sebastian
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharmada Swaminath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Ravindran Nair
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishor Jakkala
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Atul Pradhan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parthasarathi Ajitkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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20
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Van Acker H, Coenye T. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Antibiotic-Mediated Killing of Bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:456-466. [PMID: 28089288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was proposed that there is a common mechanism behind the activity of bactericidal antibiotics, involving the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the involvement of ROS in antibiotic-mediated killing has become the subject of much debate. In the present review, we provide an overview of the data supporting the ROS hypothesis; we also present data that explain the contradictory results often obtained when studying antibiotic-induced ROS production. For this latter aspect we will focus on the importance of taking the experimental setup into consideration and on the importance of some technical aspects of the assays typically used. Finally, we discuss the link between ROS production and toxin-antitoxin modules, and present an overview of implications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Van Acker
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Padiadpu J, Baloni P, Anand K, Munshi M, Thakur C, Mohan A, Singh A, Chandra N. Identifying and Tackling Emergent Vulnerability in Drug-Resistant Mycobacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:592-607. [PMID: 27759382 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The global mechanisms and associated molecular alterations that occur in drug-resistant mycobacteria are poorly understood. To address this, we obtain genomics data and then construct a genome-scale response network in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis and apply a network-mining algorithm. Through this, we decipher global alterations in an unbiased manner and identify emergent vulnerabilities in resistant bacilli, of which redox response was prominent. Using phenotypic profiling, we find that resistant bacilli exhibit collateral sensitivity to several compounds that block antioxidant responses. We find that nanogram/milliliter concentrations of ebselen, vancomycin, and phenylarsine oxide, in combination with isoniazid, are highly effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and three clinical drug-resistant strains. Dynamic measurements of cytoplasmic redox potential revealed a surprisingly diminished capacity of clinical drug-resistant strains to counteract oxidative stress, providing a mechanistic basis for efficient and synergistic mycobactericidal activity of the drug combinations. Ebselen and vancomycin appear to be promising repurposable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Padiadpu
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, #Molecular Biophysics Unit, ΔMicrobiology and
Cellular Biology, and ⊥Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Priyanka Baloni
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, #Molecular Biophysics Unit, ΔMicrobiology and
Cellular Biology, and ⊥Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kushi Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, #Molecular Biophysics Unit, ΔMicrobiology and
Cellular Biology, and ⊥Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - MohamedHusen Munshi
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, #Molecular Biophysics Unit, ΔMicrobiology and
Cellular Biology, and ⊥Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Chandrani Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, #Molecular Biophysics Unit, ΔMicrobiology and
Cellular Biology, and ⊥Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Abhilash Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, #Molecular Biophysics Unit, ΔMicrobiology and
Cellular Biology, and ⊥Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, #Molecular Biophysics Unit, ΔMicrobiology and
Cellular Biology, and ⊥Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nagasuma Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, #Molecular Biophysics Unit, ΔMicrobiology and
Cellular Biology, and ⊥Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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22
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Li Q, Zhou M, Fan X, Yan J, Li W, Xie J. Mycobacteriophage SWU1 gp39 can potentiate multiple antibiotics against Mycobacterium via altering the cell wall permeability. Sci Rep 2016. [PMID: 27350398 DOI: 10.1038/srep28701srep28701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
M. tuberculosis is intrinsically tolerant to many antibiotics largely due to the imperviousness of its unusual mycolic acid-containing cell wall to most antimicrobials. The emergence and increasingly widespread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) revitalized keen interest in phage-inspired therapy. SWU1gp39 is a novel gene from mycobacteriophage SWU1 with unknown function. SWU1gp39 expressed in M. smegmatis conferred the host cell increased susceptibility to multiple antibiotics, including isoniazid, erythromycin, norfloxacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, rifampicin and vancomycin, and multiple environment stresses such as H2O2, heat shock, low pH and SDS. By using EtBr/Nile red uptake assays, WT-pAL-gp39 strain showed higher cell wall permeability than control strain WT-pAL. Moreover, the WT-pAL-gp39 strain produced more reactive oxygen species and reduced NAD(+)/NADH ratio. RNA-Seq transcriptomes of the WT-pAL-gp39 and WT-pAL revealed that the transcription of 867 genes was differentially regulated, including genes associated with lipid metabolism. Taken together, our results implicated that SWU1gp39, a novel gene from mycobacteriophage, disrupted the lipid metabolism of host and increased cell wall permeability, ultimately potentiated the efficacy of multiple antibiotics and stresses against mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Li
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingliang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangyu Fan
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Jianlong Yan
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weimin Li
- National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Key laboratory on Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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23
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Li Q, Zhou M, Fan X, Yan J, Li W, Xie J. Mycobacteriophage SWU1 gp39 can potentiate multiple antibiotics against Mycobacterium via altering the cell wall permeability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28701. [PMID: 27350398 PMCID: PMC4923848 DOI: 10.1038/srep28701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
M. tuberculosis is intrinsically tolerant to many antibiotics largely due to the imperviousness of its unusual mycolic acid-containing cell wall to most antimicrobials. The emergence and increasingly widespread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) revitalized keen interest in phage-inspired therapy. SWU1gp39 is a novel gene from mycobacteriophage SWU1 with unknown function. SWU1gp39 expressed in M. smegmatis conferred the host cell increased susceptibility to multiple antibiotics, including isoniazid, erythromycin, norfloxacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, rifampicin and vancomycin, and multiple environment stresses such as H2O2, heat shock, low pH and SDS. By using EtBr/Nile red uptake assays, WT-pAL-gp39 strain showed higher cell wall permeability than control strain WT-pAL. Moreover, the WT-pAL-gp39 strain produced more reactive oxygen species and reduced NAD(+)/NADH ratio. RNA-Seq transcriptomes of the WT-pAL-gp39 and WT-pAL revealed that the transcription of 867 genes was differentially regulated, including genes associated with lipid metabolism. Taken together, our results implicated that SWU1gp39, a novel gene from mycobacteriophage, disrupted the lipid metabolism of host and increased cell wall permeability, ultimately potentiated the efficacy of multiple antibiotics and stresses against mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Li
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingliang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangyu Fan
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Jianlong Yan
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weimin Li
- National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Key laboratory on Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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