2
|
Lorentz CA, Liang Z, Meng M, Chen CW, Yoseph BP, Breed ER, Mittal R, Klingensmith NJ, Farris AB, Burd EM, Koval M, Ford ML, Coopersmith CM. Myosin light chain kinase knockout improves gut barrier function and confers a survival advantage in polymicrobial sepsis. Mol Med 2017; 23:155-165. [PMID: 28598488 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced intestinal hyperpermeability is mediated by disruption of the epithelial tight junction, which is closely associated with the peri-junctional actin-myosin ring. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates the myosin regulatory light chain, resulting in increased permeability. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetic deletion of MLCK would alter gut barrier function and survival from sepsis. MLCK-/- and wild type (WT) mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture and assayed for both survival and mechanistic studies. Survival was significantly increased in MLCK-/- mice (95% vs. 24%, p<0.0001). Intestinal permeability increased in septic WT mice compared to unmanipulated mice. In contrast, permeability in septic MLCK-/- mice was similar to that seen in unmanipulated animals. Improved gut barrier function in MLCK-/- mice was associated with increases in the tight junction mediators ZO-1 and claudin 15 without alterations in claudin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 13, occludin or JAM-A. Other components of intestinal integrity (apoptosis, proliferation and villus length) were unaffected by MLCK deletion as were local peritoneal inflammation and distant lung injury. Systemic IL-10 was decreased greater than 10-fold in MLCK-/- mice; however, survival was similar between septic MLCK-/- mice given exogenous IL-10 or vehicle. These data demonstrate that deletion of MLCK improves survival following sepsis, associated with normalization of intestinal permeability and selected tight junction proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Adam Lorentz
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mei Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Benyam P Yoseph
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elise R Breed
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rohit Mittal
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nathan J Klingensmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alton B Farris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eileen M Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine and Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schnoor M, García Ponce A, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Rossaint J, Zarbock A. Actin dynamics in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment during endotoxemia and sepsis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1985-1997. [PMID: 28154894 PMCID: PMC11107778 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Increased vascular permeability is a major hallmark of sepsis. Dynamic alterations in actin fiber formation play an important role in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and thus vascular permeability. Endothelial integrity requires a delicate balance between the formation of cortical actin filaments that maintain endothelial cell contact stability and the formation of actin stress fibers that generate pulling forces, and thus compromise endothelial cell contact stability. Current research has revealed multiple molecular pathways that regulate actin dynamics and endothelial barrier dysfunction during sepsis. These include intracellular signaling proteins of the small GTPases family (e.g., Rap1, RhoA and Rac1) as well as the molecules that are directly acting on the actomyosin cytoskeleton such as myosin light chain kinase and Rho kinases. Another hallmark of sepsis is an excessive recruitment of neutrophils that also involves changes in the actin cytoskeleton in both endothelial cells and neutrophils. This review focuses on the available evidence about molecules that control actin dynamics and regulate endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment. We also discuss treatment strategies using pharmaceutical enzyme inhibitors to target excessive vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment in septic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alexander García Ponce
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|