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Transfection of Sponge Cells and Intracellular Localization of Cancer-Related MYC, RRAS2, and DRG1 Proteins. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020119. [PMID: 36827160 PMCID: PMC9964533 DOI: 10.3390/md21020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of the protein's intracellular localization is essential for understanding its biological function. Protein localization studies are mainly performed on primary and secondary vertebrate cell lines for which most protocols have been optimized. In spite of experimental difficulties, studies on invertebrate cells, including basal Metazoa, have greatly advanced. In recent years, the interest in studying human diseases from an evolutionary perspective has significantly increased. Sponges, placed at the base of the animal tree, are simple animals without true tissues and organs but with a complex genome containing many genes whose human homologs have been implicated in human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, sponges are an innovative model for elucidating the fundamental role of the proteins involved in cancer. In this study, we overexpressed human cancer-related proteins and their sponge homologs in human cancer cells, human fibroblasts, and sponge cells. We demonstrated that human and sponge MYC proteins localize in the nucleus, the RRAS2 in the plasma membrane, the membranes of the endolysosomal vesicles, and the DRG1 in the cell's cytosol. Despite the very low transfection efficiency of sponge cells, we observed an identical localization of human proteins and their sponge homologs, indicating their similar cellular functions.
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Amorim-Carmo B, Parente AMS, Souza ES, Silva-Junior AA, Araújo RM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Antimicrobial Peptide Analogs From Scorpions: Modifications and Structure-Activity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887763. [PMID: 35712354 PMCID: PMC9197468 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of multidrug-resistant pathogens against conventional antibiotics is a global public health problem. The irrational use of antibiotics has promoted therapeutic limitations against different infections, making research of new molecules that can be applied to treat infections necessary. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of promising antibiotic molecules as they present broad action spectrum, potent activity, and do not easily induce resistance. Several AMPs from scorpion venoms have been described as a potential source for the development of new drugs; however, some limitations to their application are also observed. Here, we describe strategies used in several approaches to optimize scorpion AMPs, addressing their primary sequence, biotechnological potential, and characteristics that should be considered when developing an AMP derived from scorpion venoms. In addition, this review may contribute towards improving the understanding of rationally designing new molecules, targeting functional AMPs that may have a therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amorim-Carmo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriana M. S. Parente
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eden S. Souza
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arnóbio A. Silva-Junior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Renata M. Araújo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Matheus F. Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
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Wang B, Wei PW, Yao Y, Song CR, Wang X, Yang YX, Long YH, Yang SW, Hu Y, Gai ZC, Wu JW, Liu HM. Functional and expression characteristics identification of Phormicins, novel AMPs from Musca domestica with anti-MRSA biofilm activity, in response to different stimuli. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:299-314. [PMID: 35381282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (including MRSA) in the clinic pose a growing threat to public health, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have great potential as efficient treatment alternatives. Houseflies have evolved over long periods in complex, dirty environments, developing a special immune system to overcome challenges in harmful environments. AMPs are key innate immune molecules. Herein, two differentially expressed AMPs, Phormicins A and B, were identified by screening transcriptomic changes in response to microbial stimulation. Structural mimic assays indicated that these AMPs exhibited functional divergence due to their C-terminal features. Expression analysis showed that they had different expression patterns. Phormicin B had higher constitutive expression than Phormicin A. However, Phormicin B was sharply downregulated, whereas Phormicin A was highly upregulated, after microbial stimulation. The MIC, MBC and time-growth curves showed the antibacterial spectrum of these peptides. Crystal violet staining and SEM showed that Phormicin D inhibited MRSA biofilm formation. TEM suggested that Phormicin D disrupted the MRSA cell membrane. Furthermore, Phormicin D inhibited biofilm formation by downregulating the expression of biofilm-related genes, including altE and embp. Therefore, housefly Phormicins were functionally characterized as having differential expression patterns and antibacterial & antibiofilm activities. This study provides a new potential peptide for clinical MRSA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Peng-Wei Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao-Rong Song
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong-Xin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yao-Hang Long
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Su-Wen Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhong-Chao Gai
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xiaan, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Lübeck M, Lübeck PS. Fungal Cell Factories for Efficient and Sustainable Production of Proteins and Peptides. Microorganisms 2022; 10:753. [PMID: 35456803 PMCID: PMC9025306 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are a large and diverse taxonomically group of microorganisms found in all habitats worldwide. They grow as a network of cells called hyphae. Since filamentous fungi live in very diverse habitats, they produce different enzymes to degrade material for their living, for example hydrolytic enzymes to degrade various kinds of biomasses. Moreover, they produce defense proteins (antimicrobial peptides) and proteins for attaching surfaces (hydrophobins). Many of them are easy to cultivate in different known setups (submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation) and their secretion of proteins and enzymes are often much larger than what is seen from yeast and bacteria. Therefore, filamentous fungi are in many industries the preferred production hosts of different proteins and enzymes. Edible fungi have traditionally been used as food, such as mushrooms or in fermented foods. New trends are to use edible fungi to produce myco-protein enriched foods. This review gives an overview of the different kinds of proteins, enzymes, and peptides produced by the most well-known fungi used as cell factories for different purposes and applications. Moreover, we describe some of the challenges that are important to consider when filamentous fungi are optimized as efficient cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Lübeck
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark;
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Shen B, Cao Z, Wu Y, Yi W, Zhu Z, Lv Z, Zhu C, Yu Y. Purlisin, a toxin‐like defensin derived from clinical pathogenic fungus
Purpureocillium lilacinum
with both antimicrobial and potassium channel inhibitory activities. FASEB J 2020; 34:15093-15107. [PMID: 32918769 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000029rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacy Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhanyong Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Li Z, Hu P, Wu W, Wang Y. Peptides with therapeutic potential in the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch. Peptides 2019; 115:43-50. [PMID: 30858089 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK) has generated significant interest due to the presence of biologically active peptides in its venom. In the past decade, dozens of different peptides from BmK have been identified. Most of the peptides are neurotoxins and are responsible for the toxicity of BmK venom. Other peptides, including neurotoxins and non-disulfide-bridged peptides, show potential anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-epileptic therapeutic effects. These peptides are attractive candidates for drug development, and peptide derivatives have also been designed to enhance their therapeutic potential, such as ADWX-1 and Kn2-7. In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising peptides found in BmK venom and of modified peptide derivatives showing therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wenlan Wu
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
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