Overexpression of miR-202 resensitizes imatinib resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells through targetting Hexokinase 2

Dysregulation of miRNA expression in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia at diagnosis: a systematic review

Aim: The present systematic review aimed to explore miRNAs as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Materials & methods: A systematic search was conducted in three electronic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, to obtain relevant articles investigating the alteration of miRNA expression in patients with CML. Results: The authors found miRNAs whose expression changes are effective in the induction of CML disease. Among them, miR-21 and miR-155 were identified as the most common miRNAs with increased expression and miR-150 and miR-146 as the most common miRNAs with decreased expression. Conclusion: miRNAs can be used as an indicator for the early detection and treatment of CML phase.

miRNA profile at diagnosis predicts treatment outcome in patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A FILO study

During many years, chemo-immunotherapy fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab (FCR) was the gold standard for first line treatment of medically fit patients with symptomatic B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Over the last decade, targeted biotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of B-CLL patients and almost entirely supplanted FCR. However, no biomarker still exists to predict the complete remission (CR) with undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) in bone marrow (BM), which remains the best predictive factor for survival. MicroRNAs represent a class of molecular biomarkers which expression is altered in B-CLL. Our study aimed at identifying before treatment blood miRNAs that predict treatment outcome in previously untreated B-CLL patients (NCT 01370772, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01370772). Using hierarchical clustering of miRNA expression profiles discriminating 8 patients who achieved CR with BM uMRD from 8 patients who did not achieve CR and displayed detectable BM MRD, we identified 25 miRNAs differentially expressed before treatment. The expression of 11 miRNAs was further validated on a larger cohort (n=123). Based on the dosage of 5 miRNAs at diagnosis, a decision tree was constructed to predict treatment outcome. We identified 6 groups of patients with a distinct probability of being CR with BM uMRD to FCR treatment, ranging from 72% (miR-125b, miR-15b and miR-181c high) to 4% (miR-125b and miR-193b low). None of the patients displaying high expression levels of miR-125b, miR-15b and miR-181c relapsed during study follow-up. In contrast, patients with low miR-15b and high miR-412, or with low miR-125b and miR-193b, demonstrated significant low PFS. RNA sequencing of blood at diagnosis identified that patients relapsing after treatment are characterized by significant enrichment of gene signatures related to cell cycle, MYC target genes, metabolism and translation regulation. Conversely, patients achieving CR with BM uMRD displayed significant enrichment in genes related to communication between CLL cells and the microenvironment, immune system activation and upregulation of polycomb PRC2 complex target genes. Our results suggest that blood miRNAs are potent predictive biomarkers for FCR treatment efficacy and might be implicated in the FCR efficacy in B-CLL patients, providing new insight into unmet need for the treatment of B-CLL patients and identifying pathways predictive of patients’ remission.

Detachment of Hexokinase II From Mitochondria Promotes Collateral Sensitivity in Multidrug Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is a neoplastic disease characterized by the abnormal expansion of hematopoietic cells with compromised functions. Leukemic cells often display a multidrug resistance phenotype, enabling them to evade a number of structurally unrelated cytotoxic compounds. One of those mechanisms relies on the high expression of efflux transporters, such as the ABC proteins, whose activity depends on the hydrolysis of ATP to reduce intracellular drug accumulation. In the present work, we employed a well-known erythroleukemia cell line, K562, and a multidrug resistant derivative cell, FEPS, to evaluate how hexokinase II, a key regulator for the rate-limiting step glycolysis, contributes to the establishment of the multidrug resistance phenotype. We found that multidrug resistant cells primarily resort to glycolysis to generate ATP. Clotrimazole reduced the expression of mitochondrial hexokinase II, which destabilized bioenergetic parameters such as reactive oxygen species production, ATP, and glutathione levels on multidrug resistant cells. This impaired the activity of ABCC1, leading to increased drug accumulation and cell death. In summary, we propose that decoupling of hexokinase II from the mitochondria emerges as a promising strategy to generate collateral sensitivity and aid in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia in chemotherapy-refractory patients.

The microRNA-202 as a Diagnostic Biomarker and a Potential Tumor Suppressor

MicroRNA-202 (miR-202) is a member of the highly conserved let-7 family that was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans and recently reported to be involved in cell differentiation and tumor biology. In humans, miR-202 was initially identified in the testis where it was suggested to play a role in spermatogenesis. Subsequent research showed that miR-202 is one of the micro-RNAs that are dysregulated in different types of cancer. During the last decade, a large number of investigations has fortified a role for miR-202 in cancer. However, its functions can be double-edged, depending on context they may be tumor suppressive or oncogenic. In this review, we highlight miR-202 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and as a suppressor of tumorigenesis and metastasis in several types of tumors. We link miR-202 expression levels in tumor types to its involved upstream and downstream signaling molecules and highlight its potential roles in carcinogenesis. Three well-known upstream long non-coding-RNAs (lncRNAs); MALAT1, NORAD, and NEAT1 target miR-202 and inhibit its tumor suppressive function thus fueling cancer progression. Studies on the downstream targets of miR-202 revealed PTEN, AKT, and various oncogenes such as metadherin (MTDH), MYCN, Forkhead box protein R2 (FOXR2) and Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS). Interestingly, an upregulated level of miR-202 was shown by most of the studies that estimated its expression level in blood or serum of cancer patients, especially in breast cancer. Reduced expression levels of miR-202 in tumor tissues were found to be associated with progression of different types of cancer. It seems likely that miR-202 is embedded in a complex regulatory network related to the nature and the sensitivity of the tumor type and therapeutic (pre)treatments. Its variable roles in tumorigenesis are mediated in part thought its oncogene effectors. However, the currently available data suggest that the involved signaling pathways determine the anti- or pro-tumorigenic outcomes of miR-202’s dysregulation and its value as a diagnostic biomarker.

The Metabolism Reprogramming of microRNA Let-7-Mediated Glycolysis Contributes to Autophagy and Tumor Progression

Cancer is usually a result of abnormal glucose uptake and imbalanced nutrient metabolization. The dysregulation of glucose metabolism, which controls the processes of glycolysis, gives rise to various physiological defects. Autophagy is one of the metabolic-related cellular functions and involves not only energy regeneration but also tumorigenesis. The dysregulation of autophagy impacts on the imbalance of metabolic homeostasis and leads to a variety of disorders. In particular, the microRNA (miRNA) Let-7 has been identified as related to glycolysis procedures such as tissue repair, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and tumoral metastasis. In many cancers, the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes is correlated with Let-7, in which multiple enzymes are related to the regulation of the autophagy process. However, much recent research has not comprehensively investigated how Let-7 participates in glycolytic reprogramming or its links to autophagic regulations, mainly in tumor progression. Through an integrated literature review and omics-related profiling correlation, this review provides the possible linkage of the Let-7 network between glycolysis and autophagy, and its role in tumor progression.

One Omics Approach Does Not Rule Them All: The Metabolome and the Epigenome Join Forces in Haematological Malignancies

Aberrant DNA methylation, dysregulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in haematological malignancies. These epimutations, with an impact on chromatin accessibility and transcriptional output, are often associated with genomic instability and the emergence of drug resistance, disease progression, and poor survival. In order to exert their functions, epigenetic enzymes utilize cellular metabolites as co-factors and are highly dependent on their availability. By affecting the expression of metabolic enzymes, epigenetic modifiers may aid the generation of metabolite signatures that could be utilized as targets and biomarkers in cancer. This interdependency remains often neglected and poorly represented in studies, despite well-established methods to study the cellular metabolome. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge in the field to provide an integral picture of the interplay between epigenomic alterations and the cellular metabolome in haematological malignancies. Our recent findings defining a distinct metabolic signature upon response to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) highlight how a shift of preferred metabolic pathways may potentiate novel treatments. The suggested link between the epigenome and the metabolome in haematopoietic tumours holds promise for the use of metabolic signatures as possible biomarkers of response to treatment.

Metabolic Classification and Intervention Opportunities for Tumor Energy Dysfunction

A comprehensive view of cell metabolism provides a new vision of cancer, conceptualized as tissue with cellular-altered metabolism and energetic dysfunction, which can shed light on pathophysiological mechanisms. Cancer is now considered a heterogeneous ecosystem, formed by tumor cells and the microenvironment, which is molecularly, phenotypically, and metabolically reprogrammable. A wealth of evidence confirms metabolic reprogramming activity as the minimum common denominator of cancer, grouping together a wide variety of aberrations that can affect any of the different metabolic pathways involved in cell physiology. This forms the basis for a new proposed classification of cancer according to the altered metabolic pathway(s) and degree of energy dysfunction. Enhanced understanding of the metabolic reprogramming pathways of fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, hypoxia, and acidosis can bring about new therapeutic intervention possibilities from a metabolic perspective of cancer.

VPS34 suppression reverses osimertinib resistance via simultaneously inhibiting glycolysis and autophagy

Autophagy and glycolysis are associated with osimertinib resistance. The energy complement and dynamic balance between these two processes make it difficult to block the process of drug resistance; breaking the complementary relationship between them may effectively overcome drug resistance. However, the exact mechanisms and the key players for regulating autophagy and glycolysis remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that autophagy and glycolysis levels in osimertinib-resistant cells were markedly higher than parental cells, and a dynamic balance existed between them. Inhibition of the class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34) with 3-methyladenine or small interfering RNA can not only inhibit abnormally enhanced autophagy but also inhibit glycolysis by inhibiting the location of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the expression of hexokinase II. By demonstrating that VPS34 is the key player controlling autophagy and glycolysis simultaneously, our study may provide a new strategy for overcoming osimertinib resistance for treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients.

MiRNA-202-5p promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis through suppression of PTEN

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death in the modern society. The biological function of miR-202-5p for CRC development remains controversial, largely due to the fact that miR-202-5p can be tumor-suppressive or oncogenic in different contexts. Obtained results indicated that aberrant expression of miR-202-5p was observed in majority of human CRC samples and miR-202-5p was transcriptionally up-regulated by c-Myc. In addition, miR-202-5p functions to promote the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by directly suppressing PTEN. Silencing or enforced expression of miR-202-5p resulted in CRC cell proliferation inhibition and enhancement, respectively. Importantly, decreased PTEN level and increased phosphorylation of Akt were frequently associated with elevated miR-202-5p expression in colorectal cancer tissues. Increased miR-202-5p expression may serve as a tumor promoter by directly targeting PTEN in colorectal cancer.

miRNAs mediated drug resistance in hematological malignancies

Despite improvements in the therapeutic approaches for hematological malignancies in the last decades, refractory disease still occurs, and cancer drug resistance still remains a major hurdle in the clinical management of these cancer patients. The investigation of this problem has been extensive and different mechanism and molecules have been associated with drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been described as having an important action in the emergence of cancer, including hematological tumors, and as being major players in their progression, aggressiveness and response to treatments. Moreover, miRNAs have been strongly associated with cancer drug resistance and with the modulation of the sensitivity of cancer cells to a wide array of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, this role has also been reported for miRNAs packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs-miRNAs), which in turn have been described as essential for the horizontal transfer of drug resistance to sensitive cells. Several studies have been suggesting the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for drug response and clinical outcome prediction, as well as promising therapeutic tools in hematological diseases. Indeed, the combination of miRNA-based therapeutic tools with conventional drugs contributes to overcome drug resistance. This review addresses the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of hematological malignances, namely multiple myeloma, leukemias and lymphomas, highlighting their important action (either in their cell-free circulating form or within circulating EVs) in drug resistance and their potential clinical applications.

Precision hyperthermia-induced miRNA-409-3p upregulation inhibits migration, invasion, and EMT of gastric cancer cells by targeting KLF17

BACKGROUND

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is widely used for clinical treatment of advanced cancers. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying precise hyperthermia treatment in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remains unclear. MiR-409-3p is reportedly downregulated in a variety of cancers, although its role in regulating treatment of AGC by precise hyperthermia remains unclear. The underlying mechanisms of miRNA-medicated regulation have been investigated using predicted and validated miRNA-gene targets, confirming the role of miRNA in HIPEC; METHODS: We used quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect miR-409-3p expression in gastric cancer (GC), as well as adjacent normal tissues, following exposure to varying temperatures. We detected miR-409-3p targets using dual-luciferase assay, then performed cell apoptosis, western blotting, invasion, and migration assays to detect GC functions; RESULTS: MiR-409-3p was upregulated and downregulated in precise hyperthermia and AGC, respectively. Moreover, miR-409-3p upregulated the Krüppel-like-factor 17 (KLF17), which subsequently inhibited migration, invasiveness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but promoted apoptosis in GC cells; CONCLUSIONS: Precise hyperthermia upregulated miR-409-3p and KLF17 indirectly, thereby inhibiting invasion, migration, and EMT, and promoting apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.

circ_0080145 Enhances Imatinib Resistance of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by Regulating miR-326/PPFIA1 Axis

Background: Acquired multidrug resistance is often blamed for the failure of chemotherapy in patients with malignant tumors, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this study, the authors investigated the role of circular RNA 0080145 (circ_0080145) in imatinib (IM) resistance of CML. Materials and Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure the expression of circ_0080145, microRNA-326 (miR-326), and PTPRF interacting protein alpha 1 (PPFIA1) mRNA. 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of IM and cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was utilized to assess cell apoptosis. The levels of glucose uptake and lactate production were examined using specific kits. Protein levels were detected through western blot assay. The targeting relationship between miR-326 and circ_0080145 or PPFIA1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The murine xenograft model was constructed to investigate the effect of circ_0080145 in vivo. Results: circ_0080145 was upregulated in IM-resistant CML patients and cells. circ_0080145 silencing suppressed IM resistance, cell growth, and glycolysis and induced apoptosis in IM-resistant CML cells in vitro. Moreover, circ_0080145 knockdown blocked tumor growth and IM resistance in vivo. miR-326 was a target of circ_0080145, and miR-326 inhibition restored the effects of circ_0080145 silencing on cell progression and IM resistance. In addition, PPFIA1 was a target gene of miR-326. The suppressive roles in IM resistance, cell growth and glycolysis, and the promotional role in apoptosis mediated by miR-326 were abolished by PPFIA1 overexpression in IM-resistant CML cells. Conclusion: circ_0080145 contributes to IM resistance via modulating miR-326/PPFIA1 axis, which might provide a novel avenue for CML therapy.

Inhibition of Skp2 Sensitizes Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Imatinib

Introduction

Skp2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays an important role in modulating tumor progression. The mechanisms underlying Skp2 in the promotion of proliferation and its function in the primary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in human CML remain to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the function of Skp2 in CML progression as well as its effects on TKI sensitivity.

Methods

Expression of Skp2 in leukocytes from patients with CML and normal blood samples was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was analyzed by EdU incorporation and cell counting assays. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used for examination of the effects of CREB on Skp2 expression. The apoptosis in vitro of K562 cells was analyzed by MTT and caspase 3/7 activity assays.

Results

The present study demonstrates that Skp2 was expressed at a higher level in patients with CML compared with healthy donors, and the elevated expression of Skp2 is critical for CML cell proliferation. Mechanistically, Skp2 was transcriptionally upregulated by CREB responsive to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of Skp2 expression by shRNAs or blocking the PI3K/Akt/CREB pathway greatly enhances the sensitivity of CML cells to Imatinib treatment.

Conclusion

We conclude that the PI3K/Akt/CREB axis regulates the sensitivity of K562 cells to Imatinib via mediating Skp2 expression. The present study revealed an unknown role of Skp2 in CML progression and provided new aspects on the Skp2-modulated TKI sensitivity in CML, contributing to the development of potential therapeutic anticancer drugs.

Druggable Biochemical Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Alternatives to Target Leukemic Stem Cells and Eliminate the Residual Disease in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a disease arising in stem cells expressing the BCR-ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinase that transforms one Hematopoietic stem/progenitor Cell into a Leukemic Stem Cell (LSC) at the origin of differentiated and proliferating leukemic cells in the bone marrow (BM). CML-LSCs are recognized as being responsible for resistances and relapses that occur despite the advent of BCR-ABL-targeting therapies with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). LSCs share a lot of functional properties with Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) although some phenotypical and functional differences have been described during the last two decades. Subverted mechanisms affecting epigenetic processes, apoptosis, autophagy and more recently metabolism and immunology in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) have been reported. The aim of this review is to bring together the modifications and molecular mechanisms that are known to account for TKI resistance in primary CML-LSCs and to focus on the potential solutions that can circumvent these resistances, in particular those that have been, or will be tested in clinical trials.

Liver-Specific microRNA Identification in Farmed Carp, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822), Fed with Starch Diet Using High-Throughput Sequencing

The liver is an important central organ, which controls carbohydrate metabolism through maintaining glucose homeostasis by a tightly regulated system of genes or enzymes. The microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs playing an important role in the regulation of genes associated with developmental biology, physiology, metabolism, etc. Thus, in this study, we have intended to detect liver-specific microRNAs in farmed carp, Labeo bata, upon being fed a diet with different levels of carbohydrates. Here, we have conducted the experiment for 45 days using fingerlings of farmed carp fed with 20% (control), 40%, and 60% gelatinized starch levels. The liver tissues were collected from each treatment and processed for RNA isolation, small RNA library preparation, and high-throughput sequencing using Illumina NexSeq500. Through sequencing, 15,779,417 reads in 20% CHO, 13,959,039 in 40% CHO, and 13,661,950 in 60% CHO reads were generated for control and treated fishes using three small RNA libraries. We have investigated 445 novel and 231 conserved microRNAs in 20%, 40%, and 60% carbohydrate (CHO), respectively, through computational analysis. The differential expression analysis of miRNAs was carried out between different treatments compared with control and this study depicted 117 known and 114 novel miRNA genes involved in carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Further, target prediction and gene ontology analysis revealed that miRNAs were involved in several pathways such as signaling pathway, G protein pathway, complement receptor-mediated pathway, dopamine receptor signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor pathway, and notch signaling pathway. The predicted miRNA sites in targeted genes were associated with cellular activities, developmental biology, DNA binding, Golgi apparatus, extracellular region, catalytic activity, MAPK cascade, etc. Overall, we have generated a vital resource of liver-specific miRNAs involved in metabolic gene regulation. These studies further will help develop miRNA inhibitors to study their role during carbohydrate metabolism in farmed carp.

Drugging cancer metabolism: Expectations vs. reality

As compared to their normal counterparts, neoplastic cells exhibit a variety of metabolic changes that reflect not only genetic and epigenetic defects underlying malignant transformation, but also the nutritional and immunobiological conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Such alterations, including the so-called Warburg effect (an increase in glucose uptake largely feeding anabolic and antioxidant metabolism), have attracted considerable attention as potential targets for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics. However, very few drugs specifically conceived to target bioenergetic cancer metabolism are currently approved by regulatory agencies for use in humans. This reflects the elevated degree of heterogeneity and redundancy in the metabolic circuitries exploited by neoplastic cells from different tumors (even of the same type), as well as the resemblance of such metabolic pathways to those employed by highly proliferating normal cells. Here, we summarize the major metabolic alterations that accompany oncogenesis, the potential of targeting bioenergetic metabolism for cancer therapy, and the obstacles that still prevent the clinical translation of such a promising therapeutic paradigm.

MicroRNAs and response to therapy in leukemia

A variety of epigenetic factors involved in leukemia pathogenesis. Among various epigenetic factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important players, which affect a sequence of cellular and molecular signaling pathways. Leukemia is known as progressive cancer, which is related to many health problems in the world. It has been shown that the destruction of the blood-forming organs could lead to abnormal effects on the proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors. Despite many attempts for approved effective and powerful therapies for patients with leukemia, finding and developing new therapeutic approaches are required. One of the important aspects of leukemia therapy, identification of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Several miRNAs (ie, miR-103, miR-101, mit-7, let-7i, miR-424, miR-27a, and miR-29c) and play major roles in response to therapy in patients with leukemia. miRNAs exert their effects by targeting a variety of targets, which are associated with response to therapy in patients with leukemia. It seems that more understanding about the roles of miRNAs in response to therapy in patients with leukemia could contribute to better treatment of patients with leukemia. Here, for the first time, we summarized various miRNAs, which are involved in response to therapy in the treatment patients with leukemia.

Artesunate enhances adriamycin cytotoxicity by inhibiting glycolysis in adriamycin-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia K562/ADR cells

Adriamycin (ADR) is a widely used drug in multiple cancers including leukemia.

MicroRNA in leukemia: Tumor suppressors and oncogenes with prognostic potential

Leukemia is known as a progressive malignant disease, which destroys the blood-forming organs and results in adverse effects on the proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. There are four main classes of leukemia including acute leukemia, chronic leukemia, myelogenous leukemia, and lymphocytic leukemia. Given that a variety of internal and external factors could be associated with the initiation and progression of different types of leukemia. One of the important factors is epigenetic regulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (ncRNA). MiRNAs are short ncRNAs which act as tumor suppressor (i.e., miR-15, miR-16, let-7, and miR-127) or oncogene (i.e., miR-155, miR-17-92, miR-21, miR-125b, miR-93, miR-143-p3, miR-196b, and miR-223) in leukemia. It has been shown that deregulation of these molecules are associated with the initiation and progression of leukemia. Hence, miRNAs could be used as potential therapeutic candidates in the treatment of patients with leukemia. Moreover, increasing evidence revealed that miRNAs could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in monitoring patients in early stages of disease or after received chemotherapy regimen. It seems that identification and development of new miRNAs could pave to the way to the development new therapeutic platforms for patients with leukemia. Here, we summarized various miRNAs as tumor suppressor and oncogene which could be introduced as therapeutic targets in treatment of leukemia.

MicroRNA-202-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma by directly targeting SMARCC1

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been emerged as critical regulators for human diseases and as prognostic markers in several tumors, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Herein, we identified a tumor-suppressive miRNA, miR-202-5p, which may suppress CRC tumorigenesis. SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily c member 1 (SMARCC1) is a susceptibility gene in CRC. However, the role of SMARCC1 in CRC tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. In our present study, we demonstrated that miR-202-5p was a tumor-suppressive miRNA in CRC progression. We found that expression of miR-202-5p was obviously decreased in CRC tissues. Down-regulation of miR-202-5p was associated with postoperative survival. Overexpression of miR-202-5p inhibited the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. The SMARCC1 was a direct target of miR-202-5p and promoted the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. Further study showed that SMARCC1 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-202-5p on growth and metastasis of CRC cells. In conclusion, our data highlight the key role of miR-202-5p in the progression of CRC. Thus, miR-202-5p may be a potential prognostic marker and of treatment relevance for CRC progression intervention.