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Hu X, Liu Y, Yang F, Hu W, Sun X. Botulinum Toxin to Improve the Prognosis of Skin Transplantation: A Short Narrative Review. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2024:15347346241228334. [PMID: 38297489 DOI: 10.1177/15347346241228334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Skin transplantation is a traditional and well-established method of repairing skin loss, especially deep second-degree postburn wounds. Complications often happen amid the healing process, including necrosis and skin contracture, which has raised widespread concern from patients and doctors. Since the first recorded medical application of botulinum toxin for strabismus, accumulating evidence has enclosed all-round potential of botulinum toxin, more than aesthetic management. In recent decades, botulinum toxin also has been revealed to improve the prognosis of skin grafts. This literature review aims to briefly summarize the history and latest advances of its use for skin transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Hu
- Health Care Center, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengying Yang
- Health Care Center, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weigang Hu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Xifeng Sun
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Chen RY, Li DW, Xie H, Liu XW, Zhuang SY, Wu HY, Wu JJ, Sun N, Qu JW, Miao JY, Zhong C, Huang YH, Yuan XD, Zhang M, Zhang WJ, Hou JQ. Gene signature and prediction model of the mitophagy-associated immune microenvironment in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117297. [PMID: 37056767 PMCID: PMC10086170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRenal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable occurrence during kidney transplantation. Mitophagy, ferroptosis, and the associated immune microenvironment (IME) have been shown to play important roles in renal IRI. However, the role of mitophagy-associated IME genes in IRI remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to construct a prediction model of IRI prognosis based on mitophagy-associated IME genes.MethodThe specific biological characteristics of the mitophagy-associated IME gene signature were comprehensively analyzed using public databases such as GEO, Pathway Unification, and FerrDb. Correlations between the expression of prognostic genes and immune-related genes and IRI prognosis were determined by Cox regression, LASSO analysis, and Pearson’s correlation. Molecular validation was performed using human kidney 2 (HK2) cells and culture supernatant as well as the serum and kidney tissues of mice after renal IRI. Gene expression was measured by PCR, and inflammatory cell infiltration was examined by ELISA and mass cytometry. Renal tissue damage was characterized using renal tissue homogenate and tissue sections.ResultsThe expression of the mitophagy-associated IME gene signature was significantly correlated with IRI prognosis. Excessive mitophagy and extensive immune infiltration were the primary factors affecting IRI. In particular, FUNDC1, SQSTM1, UBB, UBC, KLF2, CDKN1A, and GDF15 were the key influencing factors. In addition, B cells, neutrophils, T cells, and M1 macrophages were the key immune cells present in the IME after IRI. A prediction model for IRI prognosis was constructed based on the key factors associated with the mitophagy IME. Validation experiments in cells and mice indicated that the prediction model was reliable and applicable.ConclusionWe clarified the relationship between the mitophagy-related IME and IRI. The IRI prognostic prediction model based on the mitophagy-associated IME gene signature provides novel insights on the prognosis and treatment of renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Liu
- Department of Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jin Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Wen Qu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Miao
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Dong Yuan, ; Ming Zhang, ; Wei-Jie Zhang, ; Jian-Quan Hou,
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Dong Yuan, ; Ming Zhang, ; Wei-Jie Zhang, ; Jian-Quan Hou,
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Dong Yuan, ; Ming Zhang, ; Wei-Jie Zhang, ; Jian-Quan Hou,
| | - Jian-Quan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Dong Yuan, ; Ming Zhang, ; Wei-Jie Zhang, ; Jian-Quan Hou,
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Isabela Avila-Rodríguez M, Meléndez-Martínez D, Licona-Cassani C, Manuel Aguilar-Yañez J, Benavides J, Lorena Sánchez M. Practical context of enzymatic treatment for wound healing: A secreted protease approach (Review). Biomed Rep 2020; 13:3-14. [PMID: 32440346 PMCID: PMC7238406 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds have been extensively studied as their healing represents a critical step towards achieving homeostasis following a traumatic event. Dependent on the severity of the damage, wounds are categorized as either acute or chronic. To date, chronic wounds have the highest economic impact as long term increases wound care costs. Chronic wounds affect 6.5 million patients in the United States with an annual estimated expense of $25 billion for the health care system. Among wound treatment categories, active wound care represents the fastest-growing category due to its specific actions and lower costs. Within this category, proteases from various sources have been used as successful agents in debridement wound care. The wound healing process is predominantly mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that, when dysregulated, result in defective wound healing. Therapeutic activity has been described for animal secretions including fish epithelial mucus, maggot secretory products and snake venom, which contain secreted proteases (SPs). No further alternatives for use, sources or types of proteases used for wound healing have been found in the literature to date. Through the present review, the context of enzymatic wound care alternatives will be discussed. In addition, substrate homology of SPs and human MMPs will be compared and contrasted. The purpose of these discussions is to identify and propose the stages of wound healing in which SPs may be used as therapeutic agents to improve the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Meléndez-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
| | | | - José Manuel Aguilar-Yañez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
- Scicore Medical SAPI de CV, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64920, Mexico
| | - Jorge Benavides
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
| | - Mirna Lorena Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-Imbice-Conicet-Cicpba, Bernal, Buenos Aires B1876BXD, Argentina
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Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Microvessels in Hypertrophic Scar Models on Rabbit Ears. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2170750. [PMID: 32626735 PMCID: PMC7315252 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2170750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Although Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTXA) has been applied to scar prevention and treatment, the mechanisms still require further exploration. Objective To investigate the effects of BTXA on microvessels in the hypertrophic scar models on rabbit ears. Methods Eight big-eared New Zealand rabbits (males or females) were selected to establish scar models. One ear of each rabbit (4 models in each ear) was selected randomly to be injected with BTXA immediately after modeling and included in the treated group, while the opposite ear was untreated and included in the control group. The growth of scars in each group was observed and recorded, and 4 rabbits were sacrificed on days 30 and 45 after modeling. Then, scar height was measured by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) testing, and microvessel density (MVD) was calculated based on CD34 (human hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen). Results The wounds in each group were well healed and free from infection or necrosis. On days 30 and 45, the scar height, MVD value, and VEGF expression in the treated group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). For the treated group, the above indicators on day 45 were lower than on day 30 (P > 0.05). Besides, there was a positive correlation between the MVD value and the VEGF expression in the treated group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The injection of BTXA immediately after modeling inhibits VEGF expression and reduces angiogenesis, thereby inhibiting hypertrophic scar formation.
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