1
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Liu D, Tang W, Tang D, Yan H, Jiao F. Ocu-miR-10a-5p promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs by targeting BTRC-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:343-353. [PMID: 38504085 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in articular cartilage damage in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the biological role of miRNAs in the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) remains largely unclear. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were isolated, cultured, and identified. Afterwards, rBMSCs were induced to chondrogenic differentiation, examined by Alcian Blue staining. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in rBMSCs between induced and non-induced groups by miRNA sequencing analysis, part of which was validated via PCR assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by CCK-8 assay and Hoechst staining. Saffron O staining was utilized to assess chondrocyte hyperplasia. The expression of specific chondrogenic markers, including COL2A1, SOX9, Runx2, MMP-13, Aggrecan, and BMP-2, were measured at mRNA and protein levels. The association between beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (BTRC) and miR-10a-5p in the miRNA family from rabbit (ocu-miR-10a-5p) was determined by luciferase reporter assay. A total of 76 differentially expressed miRNAs, including 52 downregulated and 24 upregulated miRNAs, were identified in rBMSCs from the induced group. Inhibition of ocu-miR-10a-5p suppressed rBMSC viability and chondrogenic differentiation, as well as downregulated the expression of β-catenin, SOX9, COL2A1, MMP-13, and Runx2. BTRC was predicted and confirmed as a target of ocu-miR-10a-5p. Overexpression of BTRC rescued the promoting impacts of overexpressed ocu-miR-10a-5p on chondrogenic differentiation of rBMSCs and β-catenin expression. Taken together, our data suggested that ocu-miR-10a-5p facilitated rabbit BMSC survival and chondrogenic differentiation by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling through BTRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Tang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haixia Yan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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2
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Ganguly T, Laha S, Senapati S, Chatterjee G, Chatterjee R. Serum miRNA profiling identified miRNAs associated with disease severity in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14973. [PMID: 37926911 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, autoimmune skin disease involving a complex interplay of epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblast and infiltrating immune cells. Differential expressions of miRNAs are observed in psoriasis and the deregulated miRNAs are sometimes associated with disease severity. This study aims to identify miRNAs altered in the serum of psoriasis patients that are associated with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). In order to assess miRNA levels in the serum of psoriasis patients, we selected 24 differentially expressed miRNAs in the psoriatic skin are possibly derived from the skin and immune cells, as well as five miRNAs that are enriched in other tissues. We identified 16 miRNAs that exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) altered levels in the serum of psoriasis patients compared to healthy individuals. Among these, 13 miRNAs showed similar expression pattern in the serum of psoriasis patients as also observed in the psoriatic skin tissues. Ten miRNAs showed an accuracy of greater than 75% in classifying the psoriasis patients from healthy individuals. Further analysis of differential miRNA levels between the low PASI group and the high PASI group identified three miRNAs (miR-147b, miR-3614-5p, and miR-125a-5p) with significantly altered levels between the low severity and the high severity psoriasis patients. Our systematic investigation of skin and immune cell-derived miRNAs in the serum of psoriasis patients revealed alteration in miRNA levels to be associated with disease severity, which may help in monitoring the disease progression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsa Ganguly
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayantan Laha
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Gobinda Chatterjee
- Department of Dermatology, IPGMER/SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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3
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Hussain MZ, Haris MS, Rizwan M, Ashraf NS, Arshad M, Mahjabeen I. Deregulation of exosomal miRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289301. [PMID: 37498970 PMCID: PMC10374114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small-diameter endosomal vesicles secreted in all biological fluids and play biological/pathological roles in the cell. These pathological roles are played by exosome's cargo molecules through inter-cellular communication. Exosomal cargo molecules contain proteins and miRNAs. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA fragments involved in the reduction of final protein output by destabilizing or suppressing the translation of target messenger RNA (mRNA). This deregulation of the protein due to miRNAs ultimately accelerates the process of disease pathogenesis. The role of exosomal miRNAs has been investigated in different diseases and the limited number of studies have been published concerning exosomal miRNAs and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The current study is designed to investigate the role of exosomal miRNAs (miRNA-103a-3p, miRNA-10a-5p, miRNA-204-3p, miRNA-330-3p, and miRNA-19b) in the pathogenesis of RA. Furthermore, the role of selected exosomal miRNAs in RA pathogenesis was further explored by estimating oxidative stress and histone deacetylation in RA patients. In the current study, 306 RA patients and equal numbers of age/gender-matched controls were used. The level of expression of above-mentioned exosomal miRNAs was assessed by performing qRT PCR. Deacetylation and oxidative stress assays were performed to estimate the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG level) and histone deacetylation levels using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis indicated a significantly downregulated expression of miRNA-103a-3p (p<0.0001), miR-10a-5p (p<0.0001), miR-204-3p (p<0.0001), miR-330-3p (p<0.0001) and miR-19b (p<0.0001) in RA patients compared to controls. Significantly increased levels of 8-OHdG (p<0.0001) and histone deacetylation (p<0.0001) were observed among RA patients compared to controls. Spearman correlation showed a negative correlation between the deregulated exosomal miRNAs and increased oxidative stress and histone deacetylation in RA patients. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed a good diagnostic specificity/sensitivity of the above-mentioned exosomal miRNAs among RA patients. These analyses indicated the potential role of deregulated exosomal miRNAs in the initiation of RA by targeting oxidative stress and histone deacetylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Hussain
- Department of Rheumatology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz Haris
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Sarosh Ashraf
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Arshad
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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4
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The Role of microRNAs in Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415479. [PMID: 36555120 PMCID: PMC9779565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system to various insults, such as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, and radiation. The complex network of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors and their direction towards inflammation often leads to the development and progression of various inflammation-associated diseases. The role of small non-coding RNAs (small ncRNAs) in inflammation has gained much attention in the past two decades for their regulation of inflammatory gene expression at multiple levels and their potential to serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases. One group of small ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), has become a key regulator in various inflammatory disease conditions. Their fine-tuning of target gene regulation often turns out to be an important factor in controlling aberrant inflammatory reactions in the system. This review summarizes the biogenesis of miRNA and the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation. The review also briefly discusses various pro- and anti-inflammatory miRNAs, their targets and functions, and provides a detailed discussion on the role of miR-10a in inflammation.
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5
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Paradowska-Gorycka A, Wajda A, Rzeszotarska E, Kmiolek T, Stypinska B, Dudek E, Romanowska-Prochnicka K, Syrowka P. miR-10 and Its Negative Correlation with Serum IL-35 Concentration and Positive Correlation with STAT5a Expression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147925. [PMID: 35887269 PMCID: PMC9317037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating free-cell miRNAs are increasingly important as potential non-invasive biomarkers due to the easy accessibility of clinical materials. Moreover, their epigenetic role may provide insight into the mechanisms of pathogenesis. Nevertheless, these aspects are mostly studied in the area of oncological diseases. Therefore, this research aimed to find the potential association of selected miRNAs in serum with the expression of Th17/Treg transcription factors and clinical features in RA patients. Accordingly, experiments was conducted on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy subjects (HC). Analysis of miRNAs level in serum was performed using LNA miRNA PCR assays. mir-10 was detected only in RA patients. Furthermore, its expression was correlated with IL-35 serum concentration and the mRNA level of STAT5a in whole blood in RA. Additionally, a tendency of the raised level of miR-10 was noted in RA patients with high activity disease. miR-326 was significantly upregulated in RA patients with rheumatoid factor presence. In HC the correlation between miR-26 and IL-21 serum levels and expression of SMAD3 have been found. In OA patients, correlations between miR-126 and HIF1 expression and between miR-146 and RORc have been noted. The differential association of transcription factor expression with serum miRNA levels may be important in the diagnosis and progression of RA and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (E.R.); (T.K.); (B.S.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Wajda
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (E.R.); (T.K.); (B.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Ewa Rzeszotarska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (E.R.); (T.K.); (B.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Tomasz Kmiolek
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (E.R.); (T.K.); (B.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Barbara Stypinska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (E.R.); (T.K.); (B.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Ewa Dudek
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (E.R.); (T.K.); (B.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Prochnicka
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Pathophysiology, Warsaw Medical University, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Syrowka
- Rheumaorthopedics Clinic and Polyclinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
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6
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Lättekivi F, Guljavina I, Midekessa G, Viil J, Heath PR, Bæk R, Jørgensen MM, Andronowska A, Kingo K, Fazeli A. Profiling Blood Serum Extracellular Vesicles in Plaque Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Reveals Potential Disease Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074005. [PMID: 35409365 PMCID: PMC9000144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are inflammatory diseases with unresolved pathophysiological aspects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication. We compared the miRNA contents and surface proteome of the EVs in the blood serum of PsV and PsA patients to healthy controls. Size-exclusion chromatography was used to isolate EVs from the blood serum of 12 PsV patients, 12 PsA patients and 12 healthy control subjects. EV samples were characterized and RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially enriched EV-bound miRNAs. We found 212 differentially enriched EV-bound miRNAs present in both PsV and PsA groups—a total of 13 miRNAs at FDR ≤ 0.05. The predicted target genes of these miRNAs were significantly related to lesser known but potentially disease-relevant pathways. The EV array revealed that PsV patient EV samples were significantly enriched with CD9 EV-marker compared to controls. Analysis of EV-bound miRNAs suggests that signaling via EVs in the blood serum could play a role in the pathophysiological processes of PsV and PsA. EVs may be able to fill the void in clinically applicable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PsV and PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Lättekivi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila St. 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (F.L.); (I.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Irina Guljavina
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila St. 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (F.L.); (I.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Getnet Midekessa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila St. 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (F.L.); (I.G.); (G.M.)
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janeli Viil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila St. 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Paul R. Heath
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK;
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Urbansgade 32-36, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (R.B.); (M.M.J.)
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Urbansgade 32-36, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (R.B.); (M.M.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima St. 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Kulli Kingo
- Clinic of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Raja 31, 50417 Tartu, Estonia;
- Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Raja 31, 50417 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila St. 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (F.L.); (I.G.); (G.M.)
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +372-737-4425
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7
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Han JJ, Wang XQ, Zhang XA. Functional Interactions Between lncRNAs/circRNAs and miRNAs: Insights Into Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810317. [PMID: 35197980 PMCID: PMC8858953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases that affect synovitis, bone, cartilage, and joint. RA leads to bone and cartilage damage and extra-articular disorders. However, the pathogenesis of RA is still unclear, and the lack of effective early diagnosis and treatment causes severe disability, and ultimately, early death. Accumulating evidence revealed that the regulatory network that includes long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)/circular RNAs (circRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNA) plays important roles in regulating the pathological and physiological processes in RA. lncRNAs/circRNAs act as the miRNA sponge and competitively bind to miRNA to regulate the expression mRNA in synovial tissue, FLS, and PBMC, participate in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and inflammatory response. Thereby providing new strategies for its diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and the potential roles of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-An Zhang, ; Xue-Qiang Wang,
| | - Xin-An Zhang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-An Zhang, ; Xue-Qiang Wang,
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8
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Jiang C, Wu X, Li X, Li M, Zhang W, Tao P, Xu J, Ren X, Mo L, Guo Y, Wang S, Geng M, Zhang F, Tian J, Zhu W, Meng L, Lu S. Loss of microRNA-147 function alleviates synovial inflammation through ZNF148 in rheumatoid and experimental arthritis. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2062-2073. [PMID: 33864383 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-147 (miR-147) had been previously found induced in synoviocytes by inflammatory stimuli derived from T cells in experimental arthritis. This study was designed to verify whether loss of its function might alleviate inflammatory events in joints of experimental and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Dark Agouti (DA) rats were injected intradermally with pristane to induce arthritis, and rno-miR-147 antagomir was locally administrated into individual ankle compared with negative control or rno-miR-155-5p antagomir (potential positive control). Arthritis onset, macroscopic severity, and pathological changes were monitored. While in vitro, gain or loss function of hsa-miR-147b-3p/hsa-miR-155-5p and ZNF148 was achieved in human synovial fibroblast cell line SW982 and RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF). The expression of miRNAs and mRNAs was detected by using RT-quantitative PCR, and protein expression was detected by using Western blotting. Anti-miR-147 therapy could alleviate the severity, especially for the synovitis and joint destruction in experimental arthritis. Gain of hsa-miR-147b-3p/hsa-miR-155-5p function in TNF-α stimulated SW982 and RASF cells could upregulate, in contrast, loss of hsa-miR-147b-3p/hsa-miR-155-5p function could downregulate the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP3, and MMP13. Hence, such alteration could participate in synovial inflammation and joint destruction. RNAi of ZNF148, a miR-147's target, increased gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP3, and MMP13 in SW982 and RASF cells. Also, mRNA sequencing data showed that hsa-miR-147b-3p mimic and ZNF148 siRNA commonly regulated the gene expression of CCL3 and DEPTOR as well as some arthritis and inflammation-related pathways. Taken together, miR-147b-3p contributes to synovial inflammation through repressing ZNF148 in RA and experimental arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Pei Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lingfei Mo
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Manman Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Juan Tian
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Liesu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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9
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Wang X, Zhang H, Xu M, Shi X, Yang G, Sun S, Li X. Elevated miR-10a-5p facilitates cell cycle and restrains adipogenic differentiation via targeting Map2k6 and Fasn, respectively. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1227-1235. [PMID: 33128541 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are a small class of noncoding RNAs that perform biological functions by regulating the stability or translation of target genes in various biological processes. This study illustrated the role of miR-10a-5p, which is relatively enriched in adipose tissues, using primary mouse preadipocytes as model. With elevated miR-10a-5p expression, the proliferative ability of mouse preadipocytes was significantly enhanced, indicated by increased EdU+ cells and G1/S transition, accompanied by upregulated Cyclin B, Cyclin D and PCNA and downregulated p21 and p27. Meanwhile, the adipogenic differentiation was significantly attenuated by elevated miR-10a-5p, supported by Oil Red O staining and suppressed PPARγ and aP2 expression. Furthermore, Map2k6 and Fasn were predicted to be the target genes of miR-10a-5p in silico, and dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct targeting effects. Western blot analysis results showed that miR-10a-5p specially reduced Map2k6 expression at the proliferative stage without affecting Fasn expression, while significantly restrained Fasn expression with unchanged Map2k6 expression during adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, these results revealed a potential role of miR-10a-5p in adipogenesis and in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Meixue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin'E Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shiduo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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10
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TWIST1-MicroRNA-10a-MAP3K7 Axis Ameliorates Synovitis of Osteoarthritis in Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:1107-1120. [PMID: 33294296 PMCID: PMC7691159 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synovitis refers to the inflammation of the synovial membrane and is commonly detected in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Recent reports have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) could be a promising target for diagnosis and prognosis in OA. This study examines the effect of microRNA-10a (miR-10a) in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS)-mediated synovitis obtained from patients with OA. Expression of miR-10a is negatively associated with the severity of synovitis. miR-10a inhibited proliferation, migration, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of OA-FLS that were obtained from OA patients in vitro. By using a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, miR-10a repressed proliferation of OA-FLSs and production of OA synovium-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo. Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (TWIST1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7) were identified as an upstream regulator and direct target of miR-10a in OA-FLSs, respectively. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, a downstream pathway of MAP3K7, was also repressed by miR-10a in OA-FLSs. To summarize, the TWIST1-miR-10a-MAP3K7-NF-κB pathway mediates the development of synovitis in OA. miR-10a functions as an anti-inflammatory mediator in OA-FLS.
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11
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Gao J, Dai C, Yu X, Yin XB, Zhou F. Long noncoding RNA LEF1-AS1 acts as a microRNA-10a-5p regulator to enhance MSI1 expression and promote chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through activating AKT signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2020; 122:86-99. [PMID: 32786108 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which could regulate various HCC biological characteristics. Here, the study seeks to investigate the role of lncRNA LEF1-AS1 in HCC cell chemoresistance by regulating microRNA (miR)-10a-5p and Musashi1 (MSI1). The microarray-based analysis was employed to identify the HCC-related lncRNA-miRNA-gene regulatory network. Expression patterns of LEF1-AS1, miR-10a-5p, and MSI1 in the HCC cell lines, tissues were accessed by means of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Next, the interaction among LEF1-AS1, miR-10a-5p, and MSI1 in HCC was accessed by bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Then, the cell line resistant to cisplatin was established, which was then treated with sh/oe-lncRNA LEF1-AS1, miR-10a-5p-mimic, and oe/sh-MSI1 vectors alone or in combination. Afterward, the effect of LEF1-AS1, miR-10a-5p, and MSI1 on HCC cell chemoresistance, proliferation, and apoptosis was assessed. At last, in vivo experiments confirmed the role of MSI1 in tumor growth and chemoresistance in HCC. LEF1-AS1 might potentially affect the growth and chemoresistance of HCC cells by regulating miR-10a-5p and MSI1. LEF1-AS1 and MSI1 expression patterns were elevated, while miR-10a-5p was repressed in HCC tissues and cell lines. LEF1-AS1 combined to miR-10a-5p and regulated MSI1, thereby activating the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Knockdown of LEF1-AS1 and MSI1 or elevation of miR-10a-5p compromised the proliferation of Huh7 cell line resistant to DDP and promoted its chemosensitivity and apoptosis. At last, these in vitro findings were also confirmed in vivo. Our results unraveled LEF1-AS1 acts as a miR-10a-5p modulator to promote chemoresistance of HCC cells by stimulating MSI1 and activating the AKT signaling pathway, which might provide a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang-Bao Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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12
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Li HZ, Xu XH, Lin N, Wang DW, Lin YM, Su ZZ, Lu HD. Overexpression of miR-10a-5p facilitates the progression of osteoarthritis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5948-5976. [PMID: 32283545 PMCID: PMC7185093 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed at exploring the potential roles and possible mechanisms of miR-10a-5p in osteoarthritis (OA). We performed RT-qPCR, Western blot, CCK8, EdU Assay, and flow cytometry assay to clarify the roles of miR-10a-5p in OA. Furthermore, the whole transcriptome sequencing together with integrated bioinformatics analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of miR-10a-5p involving in OA. Our results demonstrated that miR-10a-5p was upregulated in OA and acted as a significant contributing factor for OA. A large number of circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were identified by overexpressing miR-10a-5p. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that these differentially-expressed genes were enriched in some important terms including PPAR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and p53 signaling pathway. A total of 42 hub genes were identified in the protein-protein interaction network including SERPINA1, TTR, APOA1, and A2M. Also, we constructed the network regulatory interactions across coding and noncoding RNAs triggered by miR-10a-5p, which revealed the powerful regulating effects of miR-10a-5p. Moreover, we found that HOXA3 acted as the targeted genes of miR-10a-5p and miR-10a-5p contributed to the progression of OA by suppressing HOXA3 expression. Our findings shed insight on regulatory mechanisms of miR-10a-5p, which might provide novel therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-He Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ming Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Su
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Ding Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
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13
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Evangelatos G, Fragoulis GE, Koulouri V, Lambrou GI. MicroRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis: From pathogenesis to clinical impact. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:102391. [PMID: 31520804 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, many epigenetic mechanisms that contribute in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders have been revealed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, RNA molecules that bind to messenger RNAs and disrupt the transcription of target genes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease in which a plethora of epigenetic changes take place. Current research on RA epigenetics has focused mainly on miRNAs. Genetic variance of some miRNA genes, especially miR-499, might predispose an individual to RA development. Additionally, altered expression of many miRNAs has been discovered in several cells, tissues and body fluids in patients with RA. MiRNAs expression also differs depending on disease's stage and activity. Serum miR-22 and miR-103a might predict RA development in susceptible individuals (pre-RA), while serum miR-16, miR-24, miR-125a and miR-223 levels are altered in early RA (disease duration <12 months) patients compared to established RA or healthy individuals. Moreover, serum miR-223 levels have been associated with RA activity and disease relapse. What is more, serum levels of several miRNAs, including miR-125b and miR-223, could be used to predict response to RA treatment. Finally, miRNA analogs or antagonists have been used as therapeutic regimens in experimental arthritis models and have demonstrated promising results. In conclusion, the research on the miRNA alterations in RA sheds light to several aspects of RA pathogenesis, introduces new biomarkers for RA diagnosis and treatment response prediction and offers the opportunity to discover new, targeted drugs for patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Evangelatos
- Rheumatology Department, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital (NMTS), Athens, Greece; Postgraduate Program "Metabolic Bone Diseases", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - George E Fragoulis
- Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Vassiliki Koulouri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - George I Lambrou
- Postgraduate Program "Metabolic Bone Diseases", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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14
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Gao L, Yang X, Zhang H, Yu M, Long J, Yang T. Inhibition of miR-10a-5p suppresses cholangiocarcinoma cell growth through downregulation of Akt pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6981-6994. [PMID: 30410355 PMCID: PMC6199228 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s182225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is epithelial cell malignancy with very poor prognosis. A lot of patients were diagnosed at advanced stage of CCA and no risk factors were identified. There are limited treatment options available for the management of CCA patients. It is urgent to develop effective targeted therapies for the treatment of CCA. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate the target genes. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-10a-5p in CCA. Methods Human CCA cell lines (CCLP1 and SG-231) were transfected with miR-10a-5p mimic or miR-10a-5p inhibitor. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the miR-10a-5p level. Proliferation, colony formation, and apoptosis were analyzed. Luciferase reporter assay was used to explore the targeting of miR-10a-5p on PTEN. For in vivo tumorigenesis assay, CCLP1 cells with stable knockdown of miR-10a-5p or control CCLP1 cells were injected subcutaneously into the flank of the SCID mice and animals were monitored for tumor growth. Results miR-10a-5p expression was significantly upregulated in human CCA cell lines (CCLP1 and SG-231). Inhibition of miR-10a-5p significantly suppressed the proliferation and induced apoptosis in CCLP1 and SG-231. PTEN is a direct target of miR-10a-5p in CCA cells. Conclusion Inhibition of miR-10a-5p can decrease CCA cells growth by downregulation of Akt pathway. These results indicate that miR-10a-5p may serve as a potential target for the treatment of CCA and help to develop effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation,
| | | | | | - Minghua Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianting Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tao Yang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation,
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