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Tang S, Shen Y, Jiang L, Zhang Y. Surface Modification of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Polymer Composite for Bone Tissue Repair Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1263. [PMID: 38732732 PMCID: PMC11085102 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) is the main inorganic component of natural bone, which has been widely used as a reinforcing filler for polymers in bone materials, and it can promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. It can also produce interactions between cells and material surfaces through selective protein adsorption and has therefore always been a research hotspot in orthopedic materials. However, n-HA nano-particles are inherently easy to agglomerate and difficult to disperse evenly in the polymer. In addition, there are differences in trace elements between n-HA nano-particles and biological apatite, so the biological activity needs to be improved, and the slow degradation in vivo, which has seriously hindered the application of n-HA in bone fields, is unacceptable. Therefore, the modification of n-HA has been extensively reported in the literature. This article reviewed the physical modification and various chemical modification methods of n-HA in recent years, as well as their modification effects. In particular, various chemical modification methods and their modification effects were reviewed in detail. Finally, a summary and suggestions for the modification of n-HA were proposed, which would provide significant reference for achieving high-performance n-HA in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Light Energy Conversion Materials of Hunan Province College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yifei Shen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Light Energy Conversion Materials of Hunan Province College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Liuyun Jiang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Light Energy Conversion Materials of Hunan Province College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Light Energy Conversion Materials of Hunan Province College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Mukheja Y, Kaur J, Pathania K, Sah SP, Salunke DB, Sangamwar AT, Pawar SV. Recent advances in pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications of lignin-based materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124601. [PMID: 37116833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a versatile and abundant biomass-derived polymer, possesses a wide array of properties that makes it a promising material for biotechnological applications. Lignin holds immense potential in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical field due to its biocompatibility, high carbon content, low toxicity, ability to be converted into composites, thermal stability, antioxidant, UV-protectant, and antibiotic activity. Notably, lignin is an environmental friendly alternative to synthetic plastic and fossil-based materials because of its inherent biodegradability, safety, and sustainability potential. The most important findings related to the use of lignin and lignin-based materials are reported in this review, providing an overview of the methods and techniques used for their manufacturing and modification. Additionally, it emphasizes on recent research and the current state of applications of lignin-based materials in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields and also highlights the challenges and opportunities that need to be overcome to fully realize the potential of lignin biopolymer. An in-depth discussion of recent developments in lignin-based material applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing, pharmaceutical excipients, biosensors, medical devices, and several other biotechnological applications, is provided in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashdeep Mukheja
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Khushboo Pathania
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sangeeta P Sah
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Sandip V Pawar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Sugiarto S, Leow Y, Tan CL, Wang G, Kai D. How far is Lignin from being a biomedical material? Bioact Mater 2022; 8:71-94. [PMID: 34541388 PMCID: PMC8424518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a versatile biomass that possesses many different desirable properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-UV, and good biocompatibility. Natural lignin can be processed through several chemical processes. The processed lignin can be modified into functionalized lignin through chemical modifications to develop and enhance biomaterials. Thus, lignin is one of the prime candidate for various biomaterial applications such as drug and gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, 3D printing, tissue engineering, and dietary supplement additive. This review presents the potential of developing and utilizing lignin in the outlook of new and sustainable biomaterials. Thereafter, we also discuss on the challenges and outlook of utilizing lignin as a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Yihao Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Guan Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
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Suwardi A, Wang F, Xue K, Han MY, Teo P, Wang P, Wang S, Liu Y, Ye E, Li Z, Loh XJ. Machine Learning-Driven Biomaterials Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2102703. [PMID: 34617632 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials is an exciting and dynamic field, which uses a collection of diverse materials to achieve desired biological responses. While there is constant evolution and innovation in materials with time, biomaterials research has been hampered by the relatively long development period required. In recent years, driven by the need to accelerate materials development, the applications of machine learning in materials science has progressed in leaps and bounds. The combination of machine learning with high-throughput theoretical predictions and high-throughput experiments (HTE) has shifted the traditional Edisonian (trial and error) paradigm to a data-driven paradigm. In this review, each type of biomaterial and their key properties and use cases are systematically discussed, followed by how machine learning can be applied in the development and design process. The discussions are classified according to various types of materials used including polymers, metals, ceramics, and nanomaterials, and implants using additive manufacturing. Last, the current gaps and potential of machine learning to further aid biomaterials discovery and application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ady Suwardi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - FuKe Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Peili Teo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Shijie Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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Tu GXE, Ho YK, Ng ZX, Teo KJ, Yeo TT, Too HP. A facile and scalable in production non-viral gene engineered mesenchymal stem cells for effective suppression of temozolomide-resistant (TMZR) glioblastoma growth. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:391. [PMID: 32917269 PMCID: PMC7488524 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serve as an attractive vehicle for cell-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (CDEPT) due to their unique tumour-nesting ability. Such approach holds high therapeutic potential for treating solid tumours including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a devastating disease with limited effective treatment options. Currently, it is a common practice in research and clinical manufacturing to use viruses to deliver therapeutic genes into MSCs. However, this is limited by the inherent issues of safety, high cost and demanding manufacturing processes. The aim of this study is to identify a facile, scalable in production and highly efficient non-viral method to transiently engineer MSCs for prolonged and exceptionally high expression of a fused transgene: yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyl-transferase::green fluorescent protein (CD::UPRT::GFP). METHODS MSCs were transfected with linear polyethylenimine using a cpg-free plasmid encoding the transgene in the presence of a combination of fusogenic lipids and β tubulin deacetylase inhibitor (Enhancer). Process scalability was evaluated in various planar vessels and microcarrier-based bioreactor. The transfection efficiency was determined with flow cytometry, and the therapeutic efficacy of CD::UPRT::GFP expressing MSCs was evaluated in cocultures with temozolomide (TMZ)-sensitive or TMZ-resistant human glioblastoma cell lines. In the presence of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC), the 5-fluorouracil-mediated cytotoxicity was determined by performing colometric MTS assay. In vivo antitumor effects were examined by local injection into subcutaneous TMZ-resistant tumors implanted in the athymic nude mice. RESULTS At > 90% transfection efficiency, the phenotype, differentiation potential and tumour tropism of MSCs were unaltered. High reproducibility was observed in all scales of transfection. The therapeutically modified MSCs displayed strong cytotoxicity towards both TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant U251-MG and U87-MG cell lines only in the presence of 5FC. The effectiveness of this approach was further validated with other well-characterized and clinically annotated patient-derived GBM cells. Additionally, a long-term suppression (> 30 days) of the growth of a subcutaneous TMZ-resistant U-251MG tumour was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this highly efficient non-viral workflow could potentially enable the scalable translation of therapeutically engineered MSC for the treatment of TMZ-resistant GBM and other applications beyond the scope of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Xue En Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Yoon Khei Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Xu Ng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of General Surgery, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
| | - Ke Jia Teo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tseng Tsai Yeo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heng-Phon Too
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
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A highly efficient non-viral process for programming mesenchymal stem cells for gene directed enzyme prodrug cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14257. [PMID: 32868813 PMCID: PMC7458920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) driven gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy has emerged as a potential strategy for cancer treatment. The tumour-nesting properties of MSCs enable these vehicles to target tumours and metastases with effective therapies. A crucial step in engineering MSCs is the delivery of genetic material with low toxicity and high efficiency. Due to the low efficiency of current transfection methods, viral vectors are used widely to modify MSCs in preclinical and clinical studies. We show, for the first time, the high transfection efficiency (> 80%) of human adipose tissue derived-MSCs (AT-MSCs) using a cost-effective and off-the-shelf Polyethylenimine, in the presence of histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor and fusogenic lipids. Notably, the phenotypes of MSCs remained unchanged post-modification. AT-MSCs engineered with a fused transgene, yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CDy::UPRT) displayed potent cytotoxic effects against breast, glioma, gastric cancer cells in vitro. The efficiency of eliminating gastric cell lines were effective even when using 7-day post-transfected AT-MSCs, indicative of the sustained expression and function of the therapeutic gene. In addition, significant inhibition of temozolomide resistant glioma tumour growth in vivo was observed with a single dose of therapeutic MSC. This study demonstrated an efficient non-viral modification process for MSC-based prodrug therapy.
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