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Imon RR, Aktar S, Morshed N, Nur SM, Mahtarin R, Rahman FA, Talukder MEK, Alam R, Karpiński TM, Ahammad F, Zamzami MA, Tan SC. Biological and clinical significance of the glypican-3 gene in human lung adenocarcinoma: An in silico analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35347. [PMID: 37960765 PMCID: PMC10637541 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3), a membrane-bound heparan sulfate proteoglycan, has long been found to be dysregulated in human lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). Nevertheless, the function, mutational profile, epigenetic regulation, co-expression profile, and clinicopathological significance of the GPC3 gene in LUAD progression are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed cancer microarray datasets from publicly available databases using bioinformatics tools to elucidate the above parameters. We observed significant downregulation of GPC3 in LUAD tissues compared to their normal counterparts, and this downregulation was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Nevertheless, no significant differences in the methylation pattern of GPC3 were observed between LUAD and normal tissues, although lower promoter methylation was observed in male patients. GPC3 expression was also found to correlate significantly with infiltration of B cells, CD8+, CD4+, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in LUAD. In addition, a total of 11 missense mutations were identified in LUAD patients, and ~1.4% to 2.2% of LUAD patients had copy number amplifications in GPC3. Seventeen genes, mainly involved in dopamine receptor-mediated signaling pathways, were frequently co-expressed with GPC3. We also found 11 TFs and 7 miRNAs interacting with GPC3 and contributing to disease progression. Finally, we identified 3 potential inhibitors of GPC3 in human LUAD, namely heparitin, gemcitabine and arbutin. In conclusion, GPC3 may play an important role in the development of LUAD and could serve as a promising biomarker in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihan Rahman Imon
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Aktar
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Niaz Morshed
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suza Mohammad Nur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rumana Mahtarin
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Farazi Abinash Rahman
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Enamul Kabir Talukder
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Rahat Alam
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego, Poland
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. Zamzami
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ning J, Ding J, Wang S, Jiang Y, Wang D, Jiang S. GPC3 Promotes Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression and HLA-A2-Restricted GPC3 Antigenic Peptide-Modified Dendritic Cell-Induced Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes to Kill Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5532617. [PMID: 37965271 PMCID: PMC10643027 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5532617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with poor clinical prognosis and lacks available targeted agents. GPC3 is upregulated in LUSC. Our study aimed to explore the roles of GPC3 in LUSC and the antitumor effects of HLA-A2-restricted GPC3 antigenic peptide-sensitized dendritic cell (DC)-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) on LUSC. LUSC cells with GPC3 knockdown and overexpression were built using lentivirus packaging, and cell viability, clone formation, apoptosis, cycle, migration, and invasion were determined. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and PI3K-AKT pathway-associated proteins. Subsequently, HLA-A2-restricted GPC3 antigenic peptides were predicted and synthesized by bioinformatic databases, and DCs were induced and cultured in vitro. Finally, HLA-A2-restricted GPC3 antigenic peptide-modified DCs were co-cultured with T cells to generate specific CTLs, and the killing effects of different CTLs on LUSC cells were studied. A series of cell function experiments showed that GPC3 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUSC cells, inhibited their apoptosis, increased the number of cells in S phase, and reduced the cells in G2/M phase. GPC3 knockdown downregulated cyclin A, c-Myc, and PI3K, upregulated E2F1, and decreased the pAKT/AKT level. Three HLA-A2-restricted GPC3 antigenic peptides were synthesized, with GPC3522-530 FLAELAYDL and GPC3102-110 FLIIQNAAV antigenic peptide-modified DCs inducing CTL production, and exhibiting strong targeted killing ability in LUSC cells at 80 : 1 multiplicity of infection. GPC3 may advance the onset and progression of LUSC, and GPC3522-530 FLAELAYDL and GPC3102-110 FLIIQNAAV antigenic peptide-loaded DC-induced CTLs have a superior killing ability against LUSC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Department of General Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jianqiao Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery (2), Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Youhong Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Daqing Wang
- Hope Plaza Children's Hospital District of Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Shenyi Jiang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang 110001, China
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Noncoding RNAs: Regulating the crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages and gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Li XY, Qin KR, Liu YH, Pang M, Huo YK, Yu BF, Wang HL. A Microarray Study on the Expression of ANKRD49 in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Significance. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:418-424. [PMID: 35639405 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes and identifying novel biomarkers that are involved in the progression of LUSC is important for prognosis and targeted treatment. Herein, ankyrin repeat domain 49 (ANKRD49) protein in LUSC versus paired noncancerous lung tissues was tested and its clinical significance was evaluated through χ 2 test, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model. The results showed the ANKRD49 protein in LUSC was elevated and correlated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, distal metastasis, and differentiation. Patients with higher ANKRD49 had lower overall survival rate and higher ANKRD49 expression in lung tissues may be used as an independent prognostic marker for LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Ke-Ru Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Yue-Hua Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Min Pang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun-Kui Huo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Hospital
| | - Bao-Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
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Xu C, Ju D, Zhang X. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: challenges and opportunities in lung cancer. Antib Ther 2022; 5:73-83. [PMID: 35372786 PMCID: PMC8972219 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the paradigm in hematological malignancies treatment, driving an ever-expanding number of basic research and clinical trials of genetically engineering T cells to treat solid tumors. CAR T-cell therapies based on the antibodies targeting Mesothelin, CEA, EGFR, EGFR, MUC1, DLL3, and emerging novel targets provide promising efficacy for lung cancer patients. However, clinical application of CAR T-cell therapy against lung cancer remains limited on account of physical and immune barriers, antigen escape and heterogeneity, on-target off-tumor toxicity, and many other reasons. Understanding the evolution of CAR structure and the generalizable requirements for manufacturing CAR T cells as well as the interplay between lung tumor immunology and CAR T cells will improve clinical translation of this therapeutic modality in lung cancer. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest advances in CAR T-cell therapy in lung cancer, focusing on the CAR structure, target antigens, challenges, and corresponding new strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Identification of miR-4510 as a metastasis suppressor of gastric cancer through regulation of tumor microenvironment via targeting GPC3. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:363-374. [PMID: 35050429 PMCID: PMC8971168 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The genes miR-4510 and glypican-3 (GPC3) have reported to be closely associated with tumors, with miR-4510 inversely correlated with GPC3 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma samples. Glypican-3-expressing gastric cancer (GPC3-GC), characterized as gastric cancer (GC) expressing GPC3, accounts for 11% of the GC cases. However, the expression and mechanism of action of miR-4510 in GPC3-GC have not been clearly defined. We found that miR-4510 expression in GC tissues was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissues (p < 0.001). miRNA-4510 expression in GPC3-GC was significantly lower than that in GPC3‐negative GC tissue (p < 0.001). Our study confirmed that miR-4510 is inversely correlated with GPC3 in gastric cancer samples and that GPC3 is a direct target gene of miR-4510. The proportion of M2 macrophages in GC with low expression of miR-4510 was significantly increased, while the proliferation of CD8+ T cells was limited. miR-4510 may change the immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment by downregulating GPC3 and inhibiting gastric cancer cell metastasis. Oxaliplatin treatment may become a specific therapeutic drug for patients with miR-4510 inhibition and GPC3-GC.
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Xie H, Zhang JF, Li Q. Development of a Prognostic Nomogram for Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma in the Stages I, II, and III Based on Immune Scores. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8677-8688. [PMID: 34849011 PMCID: PMC8627271 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s337934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has significantly changed the treatment prospects of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is no report based on immune score to predict the overall survival (OS) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in the stages I, II, and III. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immune score and the prognosis-related factors of LUAD and construct a nomogram to predict the prognosis. Methods A total of 390 cases with lung adenocarcinoma in the stages I, II, and III were included in the study. The clinicopathological characteristics and immune scores of LUAD patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A Nomogram was composed of the Cox model and internally validated using 1000 bootstrap. The concordance index (c-index) and the calibration curves were used to evaluate the model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the clinical practical value of the model. Results According to the immune score, the patients were divided into low-, medium-, and high-score groups. This study showed that compared with patients with low and medium immune scores, only patients with high immune scores had significantly improved OS (HR and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.489 [0.324‐0.737]). The C‐index for OS prediction was 0.691 (95% CI, 0.646‐0.736). The calibration curves for nomogram-predicted probabilities of 3- and 5-year survival have good ability for the calibration and discrimination. Conclusion The high immune score was significantly correlated with better OS of patients with LUAD in the stages I, II, and III. Moreover, the nomogram of predicting prognosis may help assess the survival of LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fang Zhang
- Department of Physical Examination, Beihu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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8
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Qiang Z, Zhang H, Jin S, Yan C, Li Z, Tao L, Yu H. The prognostic value of arginase-1 and glypican-3 expression levels in patients after surgical intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma resection. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:316. [PMID: 34715880 PMCID: PMC8556943 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of arginase-1 (Arg-1) and glypican-3 (GPC-3) in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with ICC were included in this study. All patients had undergone radical surgery and had complete clinical information. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the levels of Arg-1 and GPC-3 in ICC tissues. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors in ICC. The relationship between Arg-1 and GPC-3 levels and patient survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results High Arg-1 and GPC-3 expression levels were associated with poor prognosis in patients with ICC, and they could be as new prognostic biomarkers in ICC. Conclusion Arg-1 and GPC-3 can serve as independent prognostic biomarkers in ICC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02426-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Qiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Haofeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cao Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianyuan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Jot K, Urs AB, Kumar P. Does Loss of Immunohistochemical Expression of Glypican 3 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Play a Role in the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway? Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:693-699. [PMID: 34091531 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a cell membrane protein and plays a dual role, as a tumor suppressor and oncogene, depending on its structure. It is known to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and affect cell growth and proliferation. β-catenin plays a major oncogenic role in progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between β-catenin and GPC3 in OSCC. Immunoexpression of GPC3 and β-catenin was evaluated semiquantitatively in tumor tissue (n=80) and normal oral mucosa tissue (n=20). For GPC3, the percentage of stained cells and the staining intensity were assessed. For β-catenin, the percentage of stained cells, localization, and intensity of staining were assessed at the tumor-invasive front. The Pearson correlation was used to determine the correlation between the GPC3 and β-catenin immunoreactivity. Significantly decreased expression of GPC3 (P=0.008) and a highly significant difference in the case of localization of β-catenin (P=0.0001) were observed in OSCC when compared with normal oral mucosa. Cytoplasmic expression with a shift of β-catenin expression to the nucleus was seen in OSCC in comparison with primarily membranous and membranous and cytoplasmic staining in normal mucosa. A significant difference was observed with respect to localization of stain, with β-catenin staining moving to the nuclear compartment with an increase in the tumor grade (P=0.011). No correlation was observed between β-catenin and GPC3 expression in OSCC cases. It is concluded that loss of expression of GPC3 in OSCC compared with normal oral mucosa indicates that it plays the role of a tumor suppressor gene in OSCC and its expression is therefore silenced in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Jot
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Wu F, Wu B, Zhang X, Yang C, Zhou C, Ren S, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang G. Screening of MicroRNA Related to Irradiation Response and the Regulation Mechanism of miRNA-96-5p in Rectal Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699475. [PMID: 34458143 PMCID: PMC8386172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer due to the excellent advantages of irradiation in cancer therapy. Unfortunately, not every patient can benefit from this treatment, therefore, it is of great significance to explore biomarkers that can predict irradiation sensitivity. In this study, we screened microRNAs (miRNAs) which were positively correlated with irradiation resistance and found that miRNA-552 and miRNA-183 families were positively correlated with the irradiation resistance of rectal cancer, and found that high expression of miRNA-96-5p enhanced the irradiation resistance of rectal cancer cells through direct regulation of the GPC3 gene and abnormal activation of the canonical Wnt signal transduction pathway. Based on the radioreactivity results of patient-derived xenograft models, this is the first screening report for radio-resistant biomarkers in rectal cancer. Our results suggest that miRNA-96-5p expression is an important factor affecting the radiation response of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengpeng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bingyue Wu
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Congrong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaoxi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuguang Ren
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yafan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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He H, Shao X, Li Y, Gihu R, Xie H, Zhou J, Yan H. Targeting Signaling Pathway Networks in Several Malignant Tumors: Progresses and Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675675. [PMID: 34135756 PMCID: PMC8203325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain the health problem of highest concern among people worldwide due to its high mortality and recurrence. Lung, gastric, liver, colon, and breast cancers are among the top five malignant tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality. In cancer biology, aberrant signaling pathway regulation is a prevalent theme that drives the generation, metastasis, invasion, and other processes of all malignant tumors. The Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch and NF-kB pathways are widely concerned and signal crosstalks exist in the five solid tumors. This review provides an innovative summary of the recent progress in research on these signaling pathways, the underlying mechanism of the molecules involved in these pathways, and the important role of some miRNAs in tumor-related signaling pathways. It also presents a brief review of the antitumor molecular drugs that target these signaling pathways. This review may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular biological mechanism of malignant tumors and vital information for the development of new treatment strategies with a focus on efficacy and the reduction of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan He
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoni Shao
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ribu Gihu
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haochen Xie
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfu Zhou
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Development of a Tetravalent T-Cell Engaging Bispecific Antibody Against Glypican-3 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Immunother 2021; 44:106-113. [PMID: 33239522 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies benefit from accelerated development of biotechnology, and many immunotherapeutic strategies spring up including vaccines, the immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a member of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family of proteins and is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell membranes. Here, the authors describe a new tetravalent BsAb h8B-BsAb targeting GPC3 and CD3 antigens and studied its antitumor activities against HCC. h8B-BsAb was designed based on immunoglobulin G with a fragment variable fused to the light chain, whose biophysical stabilities including degradation resistance and thermostability were improved by introducing disulfide bonds. In vitro activity of h8B-BsAb showed potent T-cell recruitment and activation for HCC cell lysis by the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but no specific killing in GPC3-negative cells. In HCC xenograft mouse studies, h8B-BsAb induced robust regression of tumors. In summary, we engineered a highly stable and efficacious BsAb as a potential candidate for HCC treatment.
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Rodakowska E, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Borowiec M, Gorzkiewicz M, Grzesik J, Ratajewski M, Rozanski M, Dastych J, Ginalski K, Rychlewski L. Recombinant immunotoxin targeting GPC3 is cytotoxic to H446 small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:222. [PMID: 33613711 PMCID: PMC7859473 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a cell membrane glycoprotein that regulates cell growth and proliferation. Aberrant expression or distribution of GPC3 underlies developmental abnormalities and the development of solid tumours. The strongest evidence for the participation of GPC3 in carcinogenesis stems from studies on hepatocellular carcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, the role of the GPC3 protein and its potential therapeutic application have never been studied in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), despite the known involvement of associated pathways and the high mortality caused by this disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine GPC3 targeting for SCLC immunotherapy. An immunotoxin carrying an anti-GPC3 antibody (hGC33) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A 38 (PE38) was generated. This hGC33-PE38 protein was overexpressed in E. coli and purified. ADP-ribosylation activity was tested in vitro against eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2. Cell internalisation ability was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Cytotoxicity was analysed by treating liver cancer (HepG2, SNU-398 and SNU-449) and lung cancer (NCI-H510A, NCI-H446, A549 and SK-MES1) cell lines with hGC33-PE38 and estimating viable cells number. A BrdU assay was employed to verify anti-proliferative activity of hGC33-PE38 on treated cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used for the detection of cell membrane-bound GPC3. The hGC33-PE38 immunotoxin displayed enzymatic activity comparable to native PE38. The protein was efficiently internalised by GPC3-positive cells. Moreover, hGC33-PE38 was cytotoxic to HepG2 cells but had no effect on known GPC3-negative cell lines. The H446 cells were sensitive to hGC33-PE38 (IC50, 70.6±4.6 ng/ml), whereas H510A cells were resistant. Cell surface-bound GPC3 was abundant on the membranes of H446 cells, but absent on H510A. Altogether, the present findings suggested that GPC3 could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for SCLC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Borowiec
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-89 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Gorzkiewicz
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.,Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Grzesik
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-89 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Rozanski
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Dastych
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ginalski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-89 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Yu L, Yang X, Huang N, Wu M, Sun H, He Q, Lang Q, Zou X, Liu Z, Wang J, Ge L. Generation of fully human anti-GPC3 antibodies with high-affinity recognition of GPC3 positive tumors. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:615-626. [PMID: 33215325 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The acceleration of therapeutic antibody development has been motivated by the benefit to and their demand for human health. In particular, humanized transgenic antibody discovery platforms, combined with immunization, hybridoma fusion and/or single cell DNA sequencing are the most reliable and rapid methods for mining the human monoclonal antibodies. Human GPC3 protein is an oncofetal antigen, and it is highly expressed in most hepatocellular carcinomas and some types of squamous cell carcinomas. Currently, no fully human anti-GPC3 therapeutic antibodies have been reported and evaluated in extensive tumor tissues. Here, we utilized a new humanized transgenic mouse antibody discovery platform (CAMouse) that contains large V(D)J -regions and human gamma-constant regions of human immunoglobulin in authentic configurations to generate fully human anti-GPC3 antibodies. Our experiments resulted in four anti-GPC3 antibodies with high-specific binding and cytotoxicity to GPC3 positive cancer cells, and the antibody affinities are in the nanomolar range. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that these antibodies can recognize GPC3 protein on many types of solid tumors. In summary, the human anti-human GPC3 monoclonal antibodies described here are leading candidates for further preclinical studies of cancer therapy, further, the CAMouse platform is a robust tool for human therapeutic antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No.51 Changlong Street, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No.51 Changlong Street, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No.51 Changlong Street, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qilin He
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No.51 Changlong Street, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Qiaoli Lang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No.51 Changlong Street, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xiangang Zou
- Chongqing CAMAB Biotech Ltd., Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No.51 Changlong Street, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No.51 Changlong Street, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Medical Animal Resources Development and Application, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Chongqing CAMAB Biotech Ltd., Chongqing, 402460, China.
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15
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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Signaling in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186588. [PMID: 32916872 PMCID: PMC7554799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (HSPGs) have been an intriguing subject of study for their complex structural characteristics, their finely regulated biosynthetic machinery, and the wide range of functions they perform in living organisms from development to adulthood. From these studies, key roles of HSPGs in tumor initiation and progression have emerged, so that they are currently being explored as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancers. The multifaceted nature of HSPG structure/activity translates in their capacity to act either as inhibitors or promoters of tumor growth and invasion depending on the tumor type. Deregulation of HSPGs resulting in malignancy may be due to either their abnormal expression levels or changes in their structure and functions as a result of the altered activity of their biosynthetic or remodeling enzymes. Indeed, in the tumor microenvironment, HSPGs undergo structural alterations, through the shedding of proteoglycan ectodomain from the cell surface or the fragmentation and/or desulfation of HS chains, affecting HSPG function with significant impact on the molecular interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, and tumor cell behavior. Here, we overview the structural and functional features of HSPGs and their signaling in the tumor environment which contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
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16
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Development of Glypican-3 Targeting Immunotoxins for the Treatment of Liver Cancer: An Update. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060934. [PMID: 32575752 PMCID: PMC7356171 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for most liver cancers and represents one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Despite the global demand for liver cancer treatments, there remain few options available. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved Lumoxiti, a CD22-targeting immunotoxin, as a treatment for patients with hairy cell leukemia. This approval helps to demonstrate the potential role that immunotoxins can play in the cancer therapeutics pipeline. However, concerns have been raised about the use of immunotoxins, including their high immunogenicity and short half-life, in particular for treating solid tumors such as liver cancer. This review provides an overview of recent efforts to develop a glypican-3 (GPC3) targeting immunotoxin for treating HCC, including strategies to deimmunize immunotoxins by removing B- or T-cell epitopes on the bacterial toxin and to improve the serum half-life of immunotoxins by incorporating an albumin binding domain.
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17
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Nishida T, Kataoka H. Glypican 3-Targeted Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1339. [PMID: 31510063 PMCID: PMC6770328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an oncofetal glycoprotein attached to the cell membrane by a glycophosphatidylinositol anchor. GPC3 is overexpressed in some kinds of tumors, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prognostic significance of serum GPC3 levels and GPC3 immunoreactivity in tumor cells has been defined in patients with HCC. In addition to its usefulness as a biomarker, GPC3 has attracted attention as a novel therapeutic target molecule, and clinical trials targeting GPC3 are in progress. The major mechanism of anti-GPC3 antibody (GPC3Ab) against cancer cells is antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Since GPC3Ab is associated with immune responses, a combination of protocols with immune checkpoint inhibitors has also been investigated. Moreover, some innovative approaches for GPC3-targeting therapy have emerged in recent years. This review introduces the results of recent clinical trials targeting GPC3 in HCC and summarizes the latest knowledge regarding the role of GPC3 in HCC progression and clinical application targeting GPC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nishida
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
- Division of Gastrointestinal, Endocrine and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Miyazaki Faculty of Medicine, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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18
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Role of glypicans in regulation of the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:108-118. [PMID: 31251939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glypicans are evolutionary conserved, cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans that are attached to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Glypicans interact with a broad class of soluble and insoluble ligands, such as morphogens, growth factors, chemokines, receptors and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Such versatility comes from their ability to interact through both their HS chains and core protein. Glypicans are involved in cellular and tissue development, morphogenesis and cell motility. They exhibit differential expression in several cancers, acting as both tumor promoters and inhibitors in a cancer type-specific manner. They also influence tumor stroma by facilitating angiogenesis, ECM remodeling and alteration of immune cell functions. Glypicans have emerged as a new therapeutic moiety, whose functions can be exploited in the field of targeted therapies and precision medicine in cancer. This is demonstrated by the emergence of several anti-glypican antibody-based immunologics that have been recently developed and are being evaluated in clinical trials. This review will focus on glypican structure and function with an emphasis on their expression in various cancers. Discussion will also center on the potential of glypicans to be therapeutic targets for inhibition of cancer cell growth.
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